How should the neonatal retrieval team respond to the neonate referred with bilious vomiting?

Aim: Bilious vomiting (BV) in the neonatal period may herald malrotation with life-threatening volvulus. In New South Wales, contrast fluoroscopy is not available in non-tertiary paediatric centres; therefore, transfer is required. An infant with BV referred to Newborn and Paediatric Emergency Transport Service is prioritised for urgent retrieval to a surgical centre for contrast fluoroscopy and paediatric surgical review.

Neonatal medical trainee doctors' perceptions and parents' self-reported needs and stressors in a surgical neonatal intensive care unit: An individualised approach.

Aim: As more infants survive surgery in the newborn period for major congenital anomalies, the focus has shifted to the quality of care for parents as well as infants. In contemporary neonatal intensive care units (NICUs), doctors are encouraged to practice family-centred care and partner with parents in their infant's care. This study explored doctors' perceptions and parents' self-reported needs and stressors in a surgical NICU.

Regional Oxygenation and Perfusion Monitoring to Optimize Neonatal Packed Red Blood Cell Transfusion Practices: A Systematic Review.

Contemporary packed red blood cell transfusion practices in anaemic preterm infants are primarily based on measurement of hemoglobin or haematocrit. In neonatal intensive care units, most preterm infants receive at least 1 packed red cell transfusion as standard treatment for anaemia of prematurity. Clinicians are faced with a common question "at what threshold should anaemic preterm infants receive packed red blood cell transfusion?".

Regional oxygenation, perfusion and body and/or head position: Are preterm infants adversely impacted? A systematic review.

This review addresses regional oxygenation and perfusion changes for preterm infants and changes with body position, with or without head rotation. Future directions for improving neurodevelopmental and clinical outcomes are suggested. The MEDLINE, Embase and Scopus databases were searched up to July 2021.

Caregivers' Feeding Experiences and Support of Their Child with Cerebral Palsy.

Feeding difficulties are often reported in children with cerebral palsy (CP) and are associated with caregiver stress. This study explored the feeding experiences and support of caregivers with children who have CP. A qualitative approach was used where semi-structured telephone interviews were conducted and audio recorded.

Burden of Malnutrition among Children and Adolescents with Cerebral Palsy in Arabic-Speaking Countries: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background: We aimed to estimate the burden and underlying risk factors of malnutrition among children and adolescents with cerebral palsy in Arabic-speaking countries.

Methods: OVID Medline, OVID Embase, CINAHL via EBSCO, Cochrane Library, and SCOPUS databases were searched up to 3 July 2021. Publications were reviewed to identify relevant papers following pre-defined inclusion/exclusion criteria.

People with Cerebral Palsy and Their Family's Preferences about Genomics Research.

Introduction: The goal of this study was to understand individuals with cerebral palsy (CP) and their family's attitudes and preferences to genomic research, including international data sharing and biobanking.

Methods: Individuals with CP and their family members were invited to participate in the web-based survey via email (NSW/ACT CP Register) or via posts on social media by Cerebral Palsy Alliance, CP Research Network, and CP Now. Survey responses included yes/no/unsure, multiple choices, and Likert scales.

Clinical Outcomes of Single vs. Two-Strain Probiotic Prophylaxis for Prevention of Necrotizing Enterocolitis in Preterm Infants.

The administration of live microbiota (probiotic) via enteral route to preterm infants facilitates intestinal colonization with beneficial bacteria, resulting in competitive inhibition of the growth of pathogenic bacteria preventing gut microbiome dysbiosis. This dysbiosis is linked to the pathogenesis of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), an acquired multi-factorial intestinal disease characterized by microbial invasion of the gut mucosa, particularly affecting preterm infants. Probiotic prophylaxis reduces NEC; however, variations in strain-specific probiotic effects, differences in administration protocols, and synergistic interactions with the use of combination strains have all led to challenges in selecting the optimal probiotic for clinical use.

Nutritional Status of Children with Cerebral Palsy in Gorkha, Nepal: Findings from the Nepal Cerebral Palsy Register.

Background: The study aimed to define the burden and underlying risk factors of malnutrition among children with cerebral palsy (CP) in Gorkha district, Nepal.

Methods: The first population-based register of children with CP in Gorkha, Nepal (i.e.

Age of Diagnosis, Fidelity and Acceptability of an Early Diagnosis Clinic for Cerebral Palsy: A Single Site Implementation Study.

Cerebral palsy (CP) diagnosis is historically late, at between 12 and 24 months. We aimed to determine diagnosis age, fidelity to recommended tests and acceptability to parents and referrers of an early diagnosis clinic to implement a recent evidence-based clinical guideline for the early diagnosis of CP. A prospective observational case series of infants <12 months with detectable risks for CP attending our clinic was completed with data analysed cross-sectionally.

Is the search for cerebral palsy 'cures' a reasonable and appropriate goal in the 2020s?

In the field of disability research and advocacy, the notion of 'cures' is contentious. Cerebral palsy (CP) is no exception. In this narrative review, we combine perspectives gained during community consultation undertaken for the Australian and New Zealand Cerebral Palsy Strategy, 2020 with those published in the scientific and grey literature to understand whether 'cures for CP' is a reasonable and appropriate goal.

Education can improve clinician confidence in information sharing and willingness to refer to stem cell clinical trials for cerebral palsy.

To progress stem cell therapies for cerebral palsy, clinicians need to openly engage with patients about emerging evidence and be willing to refer to relevant clinical trials, if and when appropriate. To assess whether education can change clinicians' confidence in information sharing and willingness to refer to relevant clinical trials, an online questionnaire was distributed at a scientific conference before and after a professional workshop on cell therapies for cerebral palsy. Of the 42 participants who completed the survey, 26 self-identified as clinicians.

Neonatal encephalopathy: Focus on epidemiology and underexplored aspects of etiology.

Neonatal Encephalopathy (NE) is a neurologic syndrome in term and near-term infants who have depressed consciousness, difficulty initiating and maintaining respiration, and often abnormal tone, reflexes and neonatal seizures in varying combinations. Moderate/severe NE affects 0.5-3/1000 live births in high-income countries, more in low- and middle-income countries, and carries high risk of mortality or disability, including cerebral palsy.

Outcomes for infants with congenital diaphragmatic hernia: A single campus review with low extracorporeal membrane oxygenation utilisation.

Aim: To report the outcome for infants with congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) and identify clinical factors affecting outcome from a tertiary perinatal surgical campus where extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is available however rarely utilised.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study of infants with CDH born in a co-located perinatal neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) or retrieved into and managed at a surgical NICU: 2003-2018.

Results: One hundred and fifty-nine infants with CDH were identified.

Liver transplantation in children with inborn errors of metabolism: 30 years experience in NSW, Australia.

Background: Inborn errors of metabolism (IEM) are a diverse group of genetic disorders that can result in significant morbidity and sometimes death. Metabolic management can be challenging and burdensome for families. Liver transplantation (LT) is increasingly being considered a treatment option for some IEMs.

Epidemiology and pathogenesis of stroke in preterm infants: A systematic review.

Background: Perinatal stroke is one of the principal causes of cerebral palsy (CP) in preterm infants. Stroke in preterm infants is different from stroke in term infants, given the differences in brain maturation and the mechanisms of injury exclusive to the immature brain. We conducted a systematic review to explore the epidemiology and pathogenesis of periventricular hemorrhagic infarction (PVHI), perinatal arterial ischemic stroke (PAIS) and cerebral sinovenous thrombosis (CSVT) in preterm infants.

Skincare practices in extremely premature infants: A survey of tertiary neonatal intensive care units from Australia and New Zealand.

Aim: To investigate skincare practices in the first 2 weeks of life in extremely premature infants across tertiary neonatal intensive care units (NICUs).

Methods: A web-based secure survey invite was emailed to the medical directors of tertiary NICUs. The survey included questions on various aspects of skincare practices in the first 2 weeks of life in extremely premature infants (born before 28 weeks gestation).

Dimensions of the Burnout Measure: Relationships with shame- and guilt-proneness in neonatal intensive care unit nurses.

Background: Burnout in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) nurses has been correlated with personality proneness to shame. However, the structural validities of the one-factor Burnout Measure (BM) and the two-factor Personal Feelings Questionnaire-2 (PFQ-2) used to assess burnout and shame-proneness, respectively, in these nurses were not evaluated.

Objectives: The aim of the study was (i) to perform factor analyses of the BM and the PFQ-2 and (ii) to determine the relationships of burnout dimensions retrieved by factor analysis with similarly validated dimensions of shame- and guilt-proneness in NICU nurses.

Sentinel node biopsy for diagnosis of lymph node involvement in endometrial cancer.

Background: Pelvic lymphadenectomy provides prognostic information for those diagnosed with endometrial (womb) cancer and provides information that may influence decisions regarding adjuvant treatment. However, studies have not shown a therapeutic benefit, and lymphadenectomy causes significant morbidity. The technique of sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB), allows the first draining node from a cancer to be identified and examined histologically for involvement with cancer cells.

Influence of patterns of neonatal transfers on breastfeeding outcomes.

Aim: To investigate/evaluate the impact of hospital transfers on breastfeeding outcomes for infants requiring neonatal intensive care and to explore approaches to supporting lactation and breastfeeding.

Methods: A national study of two cohorts of infants admitted to the nine neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) in New South Wales (NSW) Australia using data sourced from a prospectively collected NICUS data collection.

Results: A total of 7829 infants were admitted to the nine NICUs in NSW for two 18-month cohorts (2012/2013 and 2015/2016) and were included in the study.

Early Intervention for Children Aged 0 to 2 Years With or at High Risk of Cerebral Palsy: International Clinical Practice Guideline Based on Systematic Reviews.

Importance: Cerebral palsy (CP) is the most common childhood physical disability. Early intervention for children younger than 2 years with or at risk of CP is critical. Now that an evidence-based guideline for early accurate diagnosis of CP exists, there is a need to summarize effective, CP-specific early intervention and conduct new trials that harness plasticity to improve function and increase participation.

Rehabilitation status of children with cerebral palsy in Bangladesh: Findings from the Bangladesh Cerebral Palsy Register.

Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the rehabilitation status and factors associated with rehabilitation service utilisation among children with cerebral palsy (CP) in Bangladesh.

Materials And Methods: This is a population-based surveillance study conducted among children with CP registered in the Bangladesh CP Register (BCPR), the first population-based register of children with CP aged <18 years (y) in Bangladesh. Children with CP were identified from the community using the key informant method and underwent a detailed neurodevelopmental assessment.