Translation of dynamic contrast-enhanced imaging onto a magnetic resonance-guided linear accelerator in patients with head and neck cancer.

Background And Purpose: Magnetic resonance imaging - linear accelerator (MRI-linac) systems permit imaging of tumours to guide treatment. Dynamic contrast enhanced (DCE)-MRI allows investigation of tumour perfusion. We assessed the feasibility of performing DCE-MRI on a 1.

Artificial intelligence-enabled safety monitoring in Alzheimer's disease clinical trials.

Background: Investigators conducting clinical trials have an ethical, scientific, and regulatory obligation to protect the safety of trial participants. Traditionally, safety monitoring includes manual review and coding of adverse event data by expert clinicians.

Objectives: Our study explores the use of natural language processing (NLP) and artificial intelligence (AI) methods to streamline and standardize clinician coding of adverse event data in Alzheimer's disease (AD) clinical trials.

Covered Stent Correction for Sinus Venosus Atrial Septal Defects, an Emerging Alternative to Surgical Repair: Results of an International Registry.

Background: Covered stent correction for a sinus venosus atrial septal defect (SVASD) was first performed in 2009. This innovative approach was initially viewed as experimental and was reserved for highly selected patients with unusual anatomic variants. In 2016, increasing numbers of procedures began to be performed, and in several centers, it is now offered as a standard of care option alongside surgical repair.

Diagnostic work-up of bile duct strictures: European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) Guideline.

1: ESGE recommends the combination of endoscopic ultrasound-guided tissue acquisition (EUS-TA) and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP)-based tissue acquisition as the preferred diagnostic approach for tissue acquisition in patients with jaundice and distal extrahepatic biliary stricture in the absence of a pancreatic mass. 2: ESGE suggests that brushing cytology should be completed along with fluoroscopy-guided biopsies, wherever technically feasible, in patients with perihilar biliary strictures. 3: ESGE suggests EUS-TA for perihilar strictures when ERCP-based modalities yield insufficient results, provided that curative resection is not feasible and/or when cross-sectional imaging has shown accessible extraluminal disease.

Nucleotide Transformer: building and evaluating robust foundation models for human genomics.

The prediction of molecular phenotypes from DNA sequences remains a longstanding challenge in genomics, often driven by limited annotated data and the inability to transfer learnings between tasks. Here, we present an extensive study of foundation models pre-trained on DNA sequences, named Nucleotide Transformer, ranging from 50 million up to 2.5 billion parameters and integrating information from 3,202 human genomes and 850 genomes from diverse species.

Pediatric Respiratory Hospitalizations in the Pre-COVID-19 Era: The Contribution of Viral Pathogens and Comorbidities to Clinical Outcomes, Valencia, Spain.

Viral respiratory diseases place a heavy burden on the healthcare system, with children making up a significant portion of related hospitalizations. While comorbidities increase the risk of complications and poor outcomes, many hospitalized children lack clear risk factors. As new vaccines for respiratory viral diseases emerge, this study examined pediatric respiratory hospitalizations, focusing on viral etiology, complication rates, and the impact of comorbidities to guide future policy.

Pausing propofol during neurosurgery to record intraoperative electrocorticography is feasible;10 years of clinical experience.

Objective: Intraoperative electrocorticography (ioECoG) during neurosurgery is influenced by anesthetics. In our center we stop the propofol to enable interpretation of ioECoG. We reported our clinical experience and evaluated awareness and hemodynamic changes during the propofol-free periods (PFP).

Molecular glues that inhibit deubiquitylase activity and inflammatory signalling.

Deubiquitylases (DUBs) are crucial in cell signalling and are often regulated by interactions within protein complexes. The BRCC36 isopeptidase complex (BRISC) regulates inflammatory signalling by cleaving K63-linked polyubiquitin chains on Type I interferon receptors (IFNAR1). As a Zn-dependent JAMM/MPN DUB, BRCC36 is challenging to target with selective inhibitors.

Machine learning for (non-)epileptic tissue detection from the intraoperative electrocorticogram.

Objective: Clinical visual intraoperative electrocorticography (ioECoG) reading intends to localize epileptic tissue and improve epilepsy surgery outcome. We aimed to understand whether machine learning (ML) could complement ioECoG reading, how subgroups affected performance, and which ioECoG features were most important.

Methods: We included 91 ioECoG-guided epilepsy surgery patients with Engel 1A outcome.

What if you eat nanoplastics? Simulating nanoplastics fate during gastrointestinal digestion.

Despite our growing awareness of micro-and nanoplastics presence in food and beverages, the fate of nanoplastics (NPs) in the human gastrointestinal tract (GIT) remains poorly investigated. Changes of nanoplastics size upon digestive conditions influence the potential of absorption through the intestine. In this study, polymer nanoparticles with different physicochemical properties (size, surface and chemistry) were submitted to gastrointestinal digestion (GID) simulated in vitro.

Combined Oxygen-Enhanced MRI and Perfusion Imaging Detect Hypoxia Modification from Banoxantrone and Atovaquone and Track Their Differential Mechanisms of Action.

Oxygen-enhanced MRI (OE-MRI) has shown promise for quantifying and spatially mapping tumor hypoxia, either alone or in combination with perfusion imaging. Previous studies have validated the technique in mouse models and in patients with cancer. Here, we report the first evidence that OE-MRI can track change in tumor oxygenation induced by two drugs designed to modify hypoxia.

Bipolar Pedicled Latissimus Dorsi Flap for Soft-Tissue Coverage and Restoration of Elbow Function.

Bipolar latissimus dorsi transfer has been considered a viable option for the restoration of elbow flexion in patients with large traumatic defects of the anterior arm compartment. Advantages of bipolar transfer of the latissimus include stabilization of the anterior shoulder joint in addition to recreating the biceps for a direct line of pull in restoring elbow flexion with minimal donor site morbidity. Previous literature in bipolar latissimus transfer has demonstrated good outcomes in elbow flexion against gravity, range of motion, and patient satisfaction.

The search for rigid, tough polyesters with high - renewable aromatic polyesters with high isosorbide content.

Renewable polyesters with a good balance between impact strength and elastic modulus (stiffness) are not very common, especially when combined with high glass transition temperature ( ). Achieving such high performance properties would enable the substitution of high performance polymers like ABS and polycarbonate with chemically recyclable polyesters from bio-based or recycled sources. One of the challenges in developing these materials is to select the right composition of the right monomers/comonomer ratios and making these materials with high molecular weight, which can be challenging since some of the most promising rigid diols, such as isosorbide, are unreactive.

Catalyst free PET and PEF polyesters using a new traceless oxalate chain extender.

Plastic material performance is strongly correlated to the polymer's molecular weight. Obtaining a sufficiently high molecular weight is therefore a key goal of polymerization processes. The most important polyester polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and the new polyethylene furanoate (PEF) require metal catalysts and time-consuming production processes to reach sufficiently high molecular weights.

Interactive visualization of nanopore sequencing signal data with Squigualiser.

Motivation: Nanopore sequencing current signal data can be 'basecalled' into sequence information or analysed directly, with the capacity to identify diverse molecular features, such as DNA/RNA base modifications and secondary structures. However, raw signal data is large and complex, and there is a need for improved visualization strategies to facilitate signal analysis, exploration and tool development.

Results: Squigualiser (Squiggle visualiser) is a toolkit for intuitive, interactive visualization of sequence-aligned signal data, which currently supports both DNA and RNA sequencing data from Oxford Nanopore Technologies instruments.

Alpha Neurofeedback Training in Elite Soccer Players Trained in Groups.

Neurofeedback training is applied in the world of sports as a means to improve athletes' performance. Training sessions are usually organized on an individual basis, one at a time. Here we investigated if the training could also be organized in groups.

Effectiveness of secukinumab in radiographic and non-radiographic axial spondyloarthritis: a European routine-care observational study.

Objectives: To compare the treatment effectiveness of secukinumab in radiographic (r) versus non-radiographic (nr) axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) patients treated in routine care across Europe.

Methods: Prospectively collected data on secukinumab-treated axSpA patients with known radiographic status were pooled from nine countries.Remission rates based on patient-reported outcomes (PROs; Numeric Rating Scale (0-10), for example, pain ≤2/Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI) ≤2 and Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Score (ASDAS) inactive disease (ID) <1.

Maximizing the Utility of Alzheimer's Disease Trial Data: Sharing of Baseline A4 and LEARN Data.

Background: The Anti-Amyloid Treatment in Asymptomatic Alzheimer's Disease (A4) and Longitudinal Evaluation of Amyloid Risk and Neurodegeneration (LEARN) studies were conducted between 2014 and 2023, with enrollment completed in 2017 and final study results reported in 2023. The study screening process involved the collection of initial clinical, cognitive, neuroimaging, and genetic measures to determine eligibility. Once randomized, enrolled participants were assessed every four weeks over a 4.