Wartime infections and tragedies at the beginning of the 20th century in the Eastern part of Turkey.

In the early 20th century, Europe and the Ottoman Empire as a whole experienced a large number of epidemic diseases, and several wars. During World War I (WW1) a general mobilization of the medical services under Ottoman Empire rule was enacted. However, shortages of food and water, unfavourable weather and poor sanitary conditions resulted in numerous diseases at the battle fronts.

CA-125 level is associated with right ventricular echocardiographic parameters in patients with COPD.

Objective: A few studies have shown that elevated CA-125 levels are associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, there are no data concerning the associaton between serum CA-125 levels and right ventricular (RV) function in COPD patients. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between CA-125 level and RV echocardiographic parameters in COPD patients.

Association of plasma B-type natriuretic peptide levels with shunt size in young adults with atrial septal defect.

Objective: This study was designed to investigate the validity of brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) levels for the estimation of the shunt size in young adults with atrial septal defect (ASD), and to determine the relationship between BNP levels and echocardiographic parameters of right heart chambers.

Methods: Fifty-six patients with ASD (mean age 22.9 ± 2.