Associations Among Emotion Regulation, COVID Stress, Alcohol Use, and Intimate Partner Aggression Among College Students During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Purpose: Intimate partner aggression (IPA) increased after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. Following the Vulnerability-Stress-Adaptation (VSA) model, the current study examined associations among emotion regulation (ER) difficulties (an enduring vulnerability), COVID stress (a current stressor), alcohol use (a maladaptive coping strategy), and physical, psychological, and cyber IPA perpetration during the first eight months of the pandemic.

Method: Participants were 215 college students in current relationships from three universities across the US.

Preoperative Risk Assessment for Lumbar Fusion in Patients With Diabetes: Data-Driven Stratification of HbA1c and Same Day Glucose Levels that Predict 90-Day Complication Rates.

Study Designs: Retrospective Database Analysis.

Objectives: Pre-operative glycemic control in diabetic patients undergoing lumbar fusion (LF) is essential for evaluating complication risk. However, current thresholds for preoperative HbA1c and same-day-glucose (SDG) are either non-specific or have low predictive power.

Cortical Acetylcholine Response to Deep Brain Stimulation of the Basal Forebrain in Mice.

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) using electrical stimulation of neuronal tissue in the basal forebrain to enhance release of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine is under consideration to improve executive function in patients with dementia. While some small studies indicate a positive response in the clinical setting, the relationship between DBS and acetylcholine pharmacokinetics is incompletely understood. We examined the cortical acetylcholine response to different stimulation parameters of the basal forebrain.

Proteasome inhibition enhances oncolytic reovirus therapy in multiple myeloma independently of its direct cytotoxic effects.

Background: Reovirus (RV) is an oncolytic virus with natural tropism for cancer cells. We previously showed that RV administration in multiple myeloma (MM) patients was safe, but disease control associated with viral replication in the cancer cells was not observed. The combination with proteasome inhibitors (PIs) has shown to enhance RV therapeutic activity, but the mechanisms of action have not been fully elucidated.

Dexamethasone Delivery via Amphiphilic, Low-swelling Hydrogels Treats Postoperative Inflammation in Cervical Spine Applications.

Anterior cervical spine surgeries are often complicated by difficulty swallowing due to local postoperative swelling, pain, scarring, and tissue dysfunction. These postoperative events lead to systemic steroid and narcotic use. Local, sustained drug delivery may address these problems, but current materials are unsafe for tight surgical spaces due to high biomaterial swelling, especially upon degradation.

Proposed resources required for a comprehensive program for CCT CHD imaging.

Background: Cardiac Computed Tomography (CCT) is increasingly used for evaluation of congenital heart disease (CHD) in patients of all ages. Pediatric and adult congenital heart disease (ACHD) surgical programs require high quality CCT imaging as part of the multimodality imaging support expected of comprehensive care centers. Despite these expectations, there are no benchmarks or defined programmatic elements specific to the performance of CCT in patients with CHD.

In-hospital Outcomes of Percutaneous Left Ventricular Assist Device Recipients in Cardiogenic Shock Hospitalizations with Chronic Kidney Disease: A Nationwide Analysis.

Background: There is a lack of data on the role of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in patients who received percutaneous left ventricular assist devices (pLVAD) as mechanical circulatory support (MCS) as an adjunct treatment for cardiogenic shock (CS) management.

Methods: Using National Inpatient Sample (2016-19), we extracted CS patients receiving pLVAD and divided them into CKD and non-CKD cohorts. Multivariate regression analysis was used for adjusted odds ratios for outcomes before and after entropy balancing (EB) and predictive margins for the probability of all-cause in-hospital mortality (ACM).

Advancing precision psychiatry and targeted treatments: Insights from immunopsychiatry.

Despite tremendous advancements in neuroscience, there has been limited impact on patient care. Current psychiatric treatments are largely non-specific, and drug development is hindered by outdated, overinclusive diagnostic categories and a "one-size-fits-all" approach. Additionally, mechanisms underlying psychiatric illnesses and their treatments with conventional medications remain poorly understood.

Non-Myxoid Solid Variant of Extraskeletal Myxoid Chondrosarcoma: An Underrecognized Subtype.

Introduction: Extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma (EMC) is a rare sarcoma defined by NR4A3 gene rearrangements, typically featuring uniform cells with eosinophilic cytoplasm and mild atypia, arranged in cords or clusters within a chondromyxoid stroma. A cellular variant, characterized by increased cellular density and a solid growth pattern, has been recognized.

Methods: We encountered three cases of round cell sarcomas, diagnosed as EMC based on NR4A3 or NR4A2 rearrangements.

Enhancing prediction and inference of daily in-stream nutrient and sediment concentrations using an extreme gradient boosting based water quality estimation tool - XGBest.

Estimating constituent loads in streams and rivers is a crucial but challenging task due to low-frequency sampling in most watersheds. While predictive modeling can augment sparsely sampled water quality data, it can be challenging due to the complex and multifaceted interactions between several sub-watershed eco-hydrological processes. Traditional water quality prediction models, typically calibrated for individual sites, struggle to fully capture these interactions.

Spatial joint hazard assessment of landslide susceptibility and intensity within a single framework: Environmental insights from the Wenchuan earthquake.

To comprehensively assess regional landslide hazards, we propose a geospatial approach that jointly evaluates both the probability of occurrence (susceptibility) and potential destructive power (intensity) within a single framework, overcoming the limitations of previous studies that treated these two disaster scenarios independently. Focusing on the largest landslide event triggered by the Wenchuan earthquake in China, we collected landslide occurrence and count data at the slope unit level, alongside 18 environmental factors, including seismic data. To enable this multi-hazard single-framework evaluation, we employed two Bayesian spatial joint regressions: the spatial shared component model (SSCM) and the spatial shared hyperparameter model (SSHM).

Automation of on-site microbial water quality monitoring from source to tap: Challenges and perspectives.

Ensuring the provision of safe drinking water necessitates thorough monitoring of microbial water quality. While traditional culture-based enumeration of bacterial indicators has served as the gold standard in compliance monitoring since the late 19th century, recent advancements in microbial sensor technology, driven by automation and digitalization, are revolutionizing on-site monitoring capabilities. These innovations offer unparalleled potential for automated, high temporal frequency monitoring with remote, real-time data transmission.

Genetic Etiology Link to Brain Function Underlying ADHD Symptoms and its Interaction with Sleep Disturbance: An ABCD Study.

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), a prevalent neurodevelopmental disorder influenced by both genetic and environmental factors, remains poorly understood regarding how its polygenic risk score (PRS) impacts functional networks and symptomology. This study capitalized on data from 11,430 children in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development study to explore the interplay between PRS, brain function, and behavioral problems, along with their interactive effects. The results showed that children with a higher PRS exhibited more severe attention deficits and rule-breaking problems, and experienced sleep disturbances, particularly in initiating and maintaining sleep.

PET imaging of Mn labeled DOTATATE and DOTAJR11.

Manganese-52 is gaining interest as an isotope for PET imaging due to its desirable decay and chemical properties for radiopharmaceutical development. Somatostatin receptor 2 (SSTR2) is significantly overexpressed by neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) and is an important target for nuclear imaging and therapy. As an agonist, [Ga]Ga-DOTATATE has demonstrated significant internalization upon interaction with receptor ligands, whereas [Ga]Ga-DOTA-JR11(as an antagonist) exhibits limited internalization but better pharmacokinetics and increased tumor uptake.

A simple and highly efficient protocol for C-labeling of plant cell wall for structural and quantitative analyses via solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance.

Background: Plant cell walls are made of a complex network of interacting polymers that play a critical role in plant development and responses to environmental changes. Thus, improving plant biomass and fitness requires the elucidation of the structural organization of plant cell walls in their native environment. The C-based multi-dimensional solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (ssNMR) has been instrumental in revealing the structural information of plant cell walls through 2D and 3D correlation spectral analyses.

Neurotransmitter and metabolic effects of interferon-alpha in association with decreased striatal dopamine in a Non-Human primate model of Cytokine-Induced depression.

Inflammatory stimuli administered to humans and laboratory animals affect mesolimbic and nigrostriatal dopaminergic pathways in association with impaired motivation and motor activity. Alterations in dopaminergic corticostriatal reward and motor circuits have also been observed in depressed patients with increased peripheral inflammatory markers. The effects of peripheral inflammation on dopaminergic pathways and associated neurobiologic mechanisms and consequences have been difficult to measure in patients.

Unifying community whole-brain imaging datasets enables robust neuron identification and reveals determinants of neuron position in C. elegans.

We develop a data harmonization approach for C. elegans volumetric microscopy data, consisting of a standardized format, pre-processing techniques, and human-in-the-loop machine-learning-based analysis tools. Using this approach, we unify a diverse collection of 118 whole-brain neural activity imaging datasets from five labs, storing these and accompanying tools in an online repository WormID (wormid.

Neonatal cost savings in hypertensive disorders of pregnancy: Economic evaluation of the sFlt-1/PlGF test with real world implementation of biomarkers.

Background: Preeclampsia is a key cause of prematurity in the U.S. and incurs significant healthcare costs.

Efficacy, safety, and patient-reported outcomes across young to older age groups of patients with HR+/HER2- advanced breast cancer treated with ribociclib plus endocrine therapy in the randomized MONALEESA-2, -3, and -7 trials.

Background: Ribociclib + endocrine therapy (ET) showed significant progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) benefits in the MONALEESA trials in patients with HR+ /HER2 - advanced breast cancer (ABC). We report efficacy, safety, and patient-reported outcomes (PROs) across age groups, including older patients, in these trials.

Methods: Data from the MONALEESA-2, -3, and -7 trials for pre- and postmenopausal patients receiving first-line treatment for ABC were pooled and analyzed by age (<65y, 65-74y, and ≥75y).

Early developmental trajectories of the impaired hand in infants with unilateral cerebral palsy.

Aim: To identify developmental trajectories of impaired hand function in infants aged 3 to 15 months with unilateral cerebral palsy (CP).

Method: Sixty-three infants (37 male; median gestational age 37 weeks [interquartile range 30-39.1 weeks]) recruited as part of a randomized trial with a confirmed diagnosis of unilateral CP were included.

Estimation of factorial expressions and its improvement through calibration: A replication and extension of Tversky and Kahneman (1973).

Fifty years ago, Tversky and Kahneman (Cognitive Psychology, 5[2], 207-232, 1973) reported that people's speeded estimations of 8 × 7 × 6 × 5 × 4 × 3 × 2 × 1 were notably higher than their estimations for the equivalent expression in the opposite order, 1 × 2 × 3 × 4 × 5 × 6 × 7 × 8 (Median = 2,250 vs. 512, respectively). On top of this order effect, both groups grossly underestimated the correct value (40,320).

State laws on intimate partner violence witnessed by children in the United States.

Intimate partner violence (IPV) is common, and almost half of all IPV takes place in relationships with children in the home. We inventoried laws in the 50 states and the District of Columbia in the United States of America (USA) focused on addressing IPV committed in the presence of children, as these laws could help prevent or remediate this critical health and social issue. Using WestLaw, a web-based legal research service, we identified over 1,200 statutes and 500 regulations.

A multi-tissue longitudinal proteomics study to evaluate the suitability of post-mortem samples for pathophysiological research.

Recent developments in mass spectrometry-based proteomics have established it as a robust tool for system-wide analyses essential for pathophysiological research. While post-mortem samples are a critical source for these studies, our understanding of how body decomposition influences the proteome remains limited. Here, we have revisited published data and conducted a clinically relevant time-course experiment in mice, revealing organ-specific proteome regulation after death, with only a fraction of these changes linked to protein autolysis.

Alterations in newborn metabolite patterns with preterm birth and diabetes in pregnancy.

Background: This study examines the influence of prematurity and diabetes (DM) in pregnancy on metabolite patterns at birth, and associations with adiposity development in a prospective cohort.

Methods: Term and preterm (30-36 weeks gestational age [GA]) infants were enrolled and body composition assessments completed through discharge. Targeted metabolomics was used to assess metabolites in cord or infant blood in the first 2 days.

Mechanosensation of the heart and gut elicits hypometabolism and vigilance in mice.

Interoception broadly refers to awareness of one's internal milieu. Although the importance of the body-to-brain communication that underlies interoception is implicit, the vagal afferent signalling and corresponding brain circuits that shape perception of the viscera are not entirely clear. Here, we use mice to parse neural circuits subserving interoception of the heart and gut.