The Change of Skeletal Muscle Caused by Inflammation in Obesity as the Key Path to Fibrosis: Thoughts on Mechanisms and Intervention Strategies.

Obesity leads to a chronic inflammatory state throughout the body, with increased infiltration of immune cells and inflammatory factors in skeletal muscle tissue, and, at the same time, the level of intracellular mitochondrial oxidative stress rises. Meanwhile, obesity is closely related to the development of skeletal muscle fibrosis and can affect the metabolic function of skeletal muscle, triggering metabolic disorders such as insulin resistance (IR) and type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, whether there is a mutual regulatory effect between the two pathological states of inflammation and fibrosis in obese skeletal muscle and the specific molecular mechanisms have not been fully clarified.

Dolichocarpols G-X: Previously undescribed macrocyclic humulene sesquiterpenoids from Anaxagorea dolichocarpa.

Eleven previously undescribed macrocyclic humulene sesquiterpenoids, dolichocarpols G-Q (1-11), five undescribed bicyclic, dolichocarpols R-V (12-16) and two undescribed norsesquiterpenes, dolichocarpols W-X (17-18) were isolated from the roots of Anaxagorea dolichocarpa. Their structures were unequivocally determined by the analysis of NMR, HRESIMS, and IR data, along with NMR and ECD quantum-mechanical calculations, followed by the application of the DP4+ method. Most compounds possess an ether bridge between different carbons, whereas compounds 13/14 and 15/16 are diastereomers isomerized at C-7/C-10 and at C-7/C-10/C-12, respectively.

Disruption of BCAA degradation is a critical characteristic of diabetic cardiomyopathy revealed by integrated transcriptome and metabolome analysis.

In this study, we integrated transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses to achieve a comprehensive understanding of the underlying mechanisms of diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) in a diabetic rat model. Functional and molecular characterizations revealed significant cardiac injury, dysfunction, and ventricular remodeling in DCM. A thorough analysis of global changes in genes and metabolites showed that amino acid metabolism, especially the breakdown of branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) such as valine, leucine, and isoleucine, is highly dysregulated.

Engineered Cell Microenvironments: A Benchmark Tool for Radiobiology.

The development of engineered cell microenvironments for fundamental cell mechanobiology, in vitro disease modeling, and tissue engineering applications increased exponentially during the last two decades. In such context, in vitro radiobiology is a field of research aiming at understanding the effects of ionizing radiation (e.g.

Modeling plant phenotypic plasticity and its underlying genetic architecture: a comparative study.

Phenotypic plasticity can contribute to crop adaptation to challenging environments. Plasticity indices are potentially useful to identify the genetic basis of crop phenotypic plasticity. Numerous methods exist to measure phenotypic plasticity.

Senolytic agent ABT-263 mitigates low- and high-LET radiation-induced gastrointestinal cancer development in mice.

Exposure to ionizing radiation (IR), both low-LET (e.g., X-rays, γ rays) and high-LET (e.

Arthroscopic Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis Tenotomy Under Local Anesthesia for Refractory Lateral Epicondylitis.

Refractory lateral epicondylitis poses significant challenges for patients and doctors. Whereas traditional surgical treatments involve open resection and extensor carpi radialis brevis (ECRB) muscle debridement, arthroscopic surgery advancements offer a more refined approach. Numerous surgical methods are used to treat lateral epicondylitis.

The gut-brain axis underlying hepatic encephalopathy in liver cirrhosis.

Up to 50-70% of patients with liver cirrhosis develop hepatic encephalopathy (HE), which is closely related to gut microbiota dysbiosis, with an unclear mechanism. Here, by constructing gut-brain modules to assess bacterial neurotoxins from metagenomic datasets, we found that phenylalanine decarboxylase (PDC) genes, mainly from Ruminococcus gnavus, increased approximately tenfold in patients with cirrhosis and higher in patients with HE. Cirrhotic, not healthy, mice colonized with R.

Oxygen Effect on 0-30 eV Electron Damage to DNA Under Different Hydration Levels: Base and Clustered Lesions, Strand Breaks and Crosslinks.

Studies on radiosensitization of biological damage by O began about a century ago and it remains one of the most significant subjects in radiobiology. It has been related to increased production of oxygen radicals and other reactive metabolites, but only recently to the action of the numerous low-energy electrons (LEEs: 0-30 eV) produced by ionizing radiation. We provide the first complete set of G-values (yields of specific products per energy deposited) for all conformational damages induced to plasmid DNA by LEEs (G (O)) and 1.

The interactive effects of surprise and plausibility on memory.

It has been demonstrated that surprising information often leads to better recall. Yet, this might not apply to information that is considered to be implausible. The present study examines how surprise and plausibility judgments relate to participants' memory for numerical statements.

Predicting risk factors for postoperative intestinal stenosis in neonates with necrotizing enterocolitis: development and assessment of a predictive nomogram.

Objective: The aim of this study was to develop and validate an intestinal stenosis prediction model for postoperative newborns with neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC).

Methods: Clinical information was collected on neonates who had undergone anastomosis or enterostomy because of NEC. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression was applied to identify risk factors included in the model for postoperative intestinal stenosis.

CRISPR-Cas9-mediated genome editing delivered by a single AAV9 vector inhibits HSV-1 reactivation in a latent rabbit keratitis model.

Herpes simples virus 1 (HSV-1) keratitis is a major cause of blindness globally. During primary infection, HSV-1 travels to the trigeminal ganglia and establishes lifelong latency. Although some treatments can reduce symptom severity and recurrence, there is no cure for HSV-1 keratitis.

Prediction for children with autism spectrum disorder based on digital behavioral features during free play.

Background: Play is an indispensable and meaningful activity in children's daily life. Research has shown that autistic children often exhibit differences in play development. The core traits of autism, such as distinct patterns in social interaction and communication, focused interests, and repetitive behaviors, frequently manifest in their play.

Enhancing Lesion Detection in Inflammatory Myelopathies: A Deep Learning-Reconstructed Double Inversion Recovery MRI Approach.

Background And Purpose: The imaging of inflammatory myelopathies has advanced significantly over time, with MRI techniques playing a pivotal role in enhancing lesion detection. However, the impact of deep learning (DL)-based reconstruction on 3D double inversion recovery (DIR) imaging for inflammatory myelopathies remains unassessed. This study aims to compare acquisition time, image quality, diagnostic confidence, and lesion detection rates among sagittal T2WI, standard DIR, and DL -reconstructed DIR in patients with inflammatory myelopathies.

Probiotics and their metabolite spermidine enhance IFN-γCD4 T cell immunity to inhibit hepatitis B virus.

The therapeutic potential of commensal microbes and their metabolites is promising in the functional cure of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, which is defined as hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) loss. Here, using both specific-pathogen-free and germ-free mice, we report that probiotics significantly promote the decline of HBsAg and inhibit HBV replication by enhancing intestinal homeostasis and provoking intrahepatic interferon (IFN)-γCD4 T cell immune response. Depletion of CD4 T cells or blockage of IFN-γ abolishes probiotics-mediated HBV inhibition.

Research trends and foci in chondrosarcoma: A bibliometric and network analysis.

Chondrosarcoma is 1 of the most common malignant bone tumors, with dedicated research being conducted by scientists worldwide. The purpose of this study was to guide researchers in identifying valuable scholars, institutions, and countries, provide recommendations for journal submissions, and explore research trends and hotspots in chondrosarcoma studies through literature analysis. Data for this study were collected from the Web of Science Core Collection website.

Predicting and Accelerating Nanomaterial Synthesis Using Machine Learning Featurization.

Materials synthesis optimization is constrained by serial feedback processes that rely on manual tools and intuition across multiple siloed modes of characterization. We automate and generalize feature extraction of reflection high-energy electron diffraction (RHEED) data with machine learning to establish quantitatively predictive relationships in small sets (∼10) of expert-labeled data, saving significant time on subsequently grown samples. These predictive relationships are evaluated in a representative material system (WVSe on c-plane sapphire (0001)) with two aims: 1) predicting grain alignment of the deposited film using pregrowth substrate data and 2) estimating vanadium dopant concentration using in situ RHEED as a proxy for ex situ methods (e.

Exploring stereotactic radiosurgery for tremor using the Varian cone planning system.

Background: Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) is an effective treatment for essential tremor (ET) and Parkinsonian tremor (PT). However, current treatment methods can be time-consuming and expose patients to unnecessary radiation. This study investigates the use of the Varian TrueBeam system with FFF beam modes as a potential solution for these issues.

Monocyte-lymphocyte ratio predicts cardiovascular diseases death in individuals with type 2 diabetes.

Purpose: Previous studies have shown higher cardiovascular mortality risk with higher monocyte-lymphocyte ratio levels in general population. However, the levels of oxidative stress in individuals with type 2 diabetes are higher than those in the general population, which may affect the link between monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio and cardiovascular disease deaths. And the association between the monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio and mortality risk in people with type 2 diabetes still be unknown.

A novel cold-adapted pyrethroid-degrading esterase from Bacillus subtilis J6 and its application for pyrethroid-residual alleviation in food matrix.

Prolonged and widespread use of pyrethroid pesticides a significant concern for human health. The initial step in pyrethroid bioremediation involves the hydrolysis of ester-bond. In the present study, the esterase genes est10 and est13, derived from Bacillus subtilis, were successfully cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli.

Analytical tools to assess polymer biodegradation: A critical review and recommendations.

Many petroleum-derived plastic materials are highly recalcitrant and persistent in the environment, posing significant threats to human and ecological receptors due to their accumulation in ecosystems. In recent years, research efforts have focused on advancing biological methods for polymer degradation. Enzymatic depolymerization has emerged as particularly relevant for biobased plastic recycling, potentially scalable for industrial use.

Kukoamine A alleviates nephrolithiasis by inhibiting endogenous oxalate synthesis via the IL-6/JAK/STAT3/DAO signaling pathway.

Background: The recurrent nature and socioeconomic burden of nephrolithiasis demand effective treatments. Delineating the crosstalk between inflammatory processes and the endogenous oxalate metabolism pathway, which underpins nephrolithiasis pathogenesis, is essential for advancing treatment strategies.

Purpose: We aim to screen therapeutic Chinese herbal remedies and their bioactive constituents for kidney stone treatment using a fruit fly model, followed by efficacy and mechanism validation in a rodent nephrolithiasis model as well as in vitro human cell culture model.