Advantages and limitations of diagnostic procedures for zoonotic helminth infections in feces.

Helminthiasis is a common infection in both humans and other animal populations and negatively affects the health of the host, causing a range of morbidity and even mortality, especially in young people and those with weakened immune systems. A variety of diagnostic procedures with a number of modifications are available to identify the sources of infection and to assess the epidemiological situation, the effectiveness of parasite control programs, anthelmintic treatment, and the prevention of drug resistance. These can be simple and cheap methods - for example, stool smear examination - or modern highly sensitive methods - for example, PCR analysis.

In Vitro Anti-HIV-1 Activity of Fucoidans from Brown Algae.

Due to the developing resistance and intolerance to antiretroviral drugs, there is an urgent demand for alternative agents that can suppress the viral load in people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Recently, there has been increased interest in agents of marine origin such as, in particular, fucoidans to suppress HIV replication. In the present study, the anti-HIV-1 activity of fucoidans from the brown algae , , , , , and was studied in vitro.

[Specialized fat-and-oil emulsion food systems for the prevention of hyperlipidemia and obesity].

The development of specialized fat-and-oil emulsion food systems for the prevention of hyperlipidemia and obesity is an important task of health concern in the Russian Federation. of the study was to develop specialized fat-and-oil emulsion food systems for the prevention of hyperlipidemia and obesity, the distinctive features of which are the presence of functional ingredients and bioactive compounds that meet modern safety requirements, have a hypolipidemic effect and influence on body weight. .

Polyphenols from Heartwood Protect Neuronal Cells from Oxidative Stress and Prevent Herpetic Infection.

Here, we continued the investigation of anti-HSV-1 activity and neuroprotective potential of 14 polyphenolic compounds isolated from heartwood. We determined the absolute configurations of asymmetric centers in scirpusin A () and maackiazin () as 7,8 and 1″,2″, respectively. We showed that dimeric stilbens maackin () and scirpusin A () possessed the highest anti-HSV-1 activity among polyphenols -.

Helminth infection in wild boars in Primorye, Russia.

Wild boars have a worldwide distribution and also have major economic, veterinary, and medical importance. Due to a small amount of data on the parasitic fauna of wild boars in the Russian Far East, especially in Prymorye territory, a post-mortem parasitic examination of 20 wild boars was provided. The general prevalence was 25%, and a total of six helminth species, including one larva stage, were found.

[Functional food ingredient - chromium complex with protein fermentolysate of bivalve Mactra chinensis for the prevention of hyperlipidemia and obesity].

The creation of specialized food systems capable of correcting body weight and influencing lipid metabolism is an urgent task at the present stage. The main way to create such food systems is to modify product profiles (lipid, protein, carbohydrate, mineral, vitamin, etc.).

Physicochemical Properties and Antiherpetic Activity of κ-Carrageenan Complex with Chitosan.

Nanoparticles formation is one of the ways to modulate the physicochemical properties and enhance the activity of original polysaccharides. For this purpose, based on the polysaccharide of red algae, κ-carrageenan (κ-CRG), it polyelectrolyte complex (PEC), with chitosan, were obtained. The complex formation was confirmed by ultracentrifugation in a Percoll gradient, with dynamic light scattering.

Neuroprotective and Antiherpetic Properties of Polyphenolic Compounds from Heartwood.

In this study, we isolated a new isoflavanostilbene maackiapicevestitol () as a mixture of two stable conformers and as well as five previously known dimeric and monomeric stilbens: piceatannol (), maackin (), scirpusin A (), maackiasine (), and maackolin () from heartwood, using column chromatography on polyamide, silicagel, and C-18. The structures of these compounds were elucidated by NMR, HR-MS, and CD techniques. Maksar obtained from heartwood and polyphenolics - possessed moderate anti-HSV-1 activity in cytopathic effect (CPE) inhibition and RT-PCR assays.

Antiherpetic Activity of Carrageenan Complex with Echinochrome A and Its Liposomal Form.

Herpes simplex virus (HSV) infections, the incidence of which is still widespread throughout the world, are actualizing the search and development of new, more effective antiherpetic drugs. The development of multifunctional drug delivery systems, including liposome-based ones, has become a relevant and attractive concept in nanotechnology. The ability of complexes of κ- and Σ-carrageenans (CRGs)-sulfated polysaccharides of red algae, with echinochrome A (Ech), as well as the liposomal form of the Σ-CRG/Ech complex-to inhibit different stages of HSV-1 infection in Vero cells was studied.

Endoparasites of Wild Boars () in Primorsky Krai, Russia.

This study identified helminthic species among wild boars () in Primorsky Krai, Russia. In total, 66 fecal samples were taken from wild boars and examined using the floatation-sedimentation method to identify helminths eggs and protozoan cysts. Age and sex were estimated for each host animal investigated.

Molecular identification of the trematode stat. n. from lungs of siberian tigers justified reappraisal of species complex.

Flukes from the genus Braun, 1899 are medically important foodborne trematodes predominantly occurring throughout Asian countries. Providing molecular genetic characteristics based on ITS2 and partial 28 S rDNA of the paragonimids from the Russian Far East, Northeast, South, and Southeast Asian countries, we performed a partial reappraisal of species complex. Members of this complex are genetically distinct worms with different divergence times and explosive expansion during Miocene-Pliocene epochs.

Origins, phylogenetic relationships and host-parasite interactions of Troglotrematoidea since the cretaceous.

In the current study, we raise the issue concerning origins and historical relationships of the trematodes from the families Troglotrematidae and Paragonimidae using phylogenetic analysis and molecular-clock method for estimating evolutionary rates. For the first time we provided 28S rRNA gene fragment (1764 bp) for the type species Troglotrema acutum - zoonotic trematodes that cause cranial lesions (troglotremiasis) in mustelid and canid mammals of the Central Europe, Iberian Peninsula, and North-West Caucasus. Molecular genetic analysis revealed that T.

Influence of the Structural Features of Carrageenans from Red Algae of the Far Eastern Seas on Their Antiviral Properties.

The structural diversity and unique physicochemical properties of sulphated polysaccharides of red algae carrageenans (CRGs), to a great extent, determine the wide range of their antiviral properties. This work aimed to compare the antiviral activities of different structural types of CRGs: against herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and enterovirus (ECHO-1). We found that CRGs significantly increased the resistance of Vero cells to virus infection (preventive effect), directly affected virus particles (virucidal effect), inhibited the attachment and penetration of virus to cells, and were more effective against HSV-1.

Biologically active polyphenolic compounds from Lespedeza bicolor.

We investigated the ability of six prenylated prerocarpans, stilbenoid, and a new dimeric flavonoid, lespebicolin B, from stem bark as well as two 3-O-rutinosides and a mixture of 3-O-β-D-glucosides of quercetin and kaempferol from flowers of Lespedeza bicolor to inhibit HSV-1 replication in Vero cells. Pretreatment of HSV-1 with polyphenolic compounds (direct virucidal effect) showed that pterocarpans lespedezol A (1), (6aR,11aR)-6a,11a-dihydrolespedezol A (2), (6aR,11aR)-2-isoprenyldihydrolespedezol A (4), and (6aR,11aR,3'R)-dihydrolespedezol A (5) significantly inhibited viral replication, with a selective index (SI) ≥10. Compound 4 possessed the lowest 50% - inhibiting concentration (IC) and the highest SI values (2.

Learning from Nature: Bacterial Spores as a Target for Current Technologies in Medicine (Review).

The capability of some representatives of . and . genera to form spores in extreme external conditions long ago became a subject of medico-biological investigations.

In Vitro Anti-Orthohantavirus Activity of the High-and Low-Molecular-Weight Fractions of Fucoidan from the Brown Alga .

The Hantaan orthohantavirus (genovariant Amur-AMRV) is a rodent-borne zoonotic virus; it is the causative agent of haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in humans. The currently limited therapeutic options require the development of effective anti-orthohantavirus drugs. The ability of native fucoidan from (FeF) and its enzymatically prepared high-molecular-weight (FeHMP) and low-molecular-weight (FeLMP) fractions to inhibit different stages of AMRV infection in Vero cells was studied.

Older adults: panoramic view on the COVID-19 vaccination.

In December 2020, COVID-19 vaccination started in many countries, with which the world community hopes to stop the further spread of the current pandemic. More than 90% of sick and deceased patients belong to the category of older adults (65 years and older). This category of the population is most vulnerable to infectious diseases, so vaccination is the most effective preventive strategy, the need for which for older adults is indisputable.

The Potency of Seaweed Sulfated Polysaccharides for the Correction of Hemostasis Disorders in COVID-19.

Hemostasis disorders play an important role in the pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, and outcome of COVID-19. First of all, the hemostasis system suffers due to a complicated and severe course of COVID-19. A significant number of COVID-19 patients develop signs of hypercoagulability, thrombocytopenia, and hyperfibrinolysis.

Antiviral Effects of Polyphenols from Marine Algae.

The disease-preventive and medicinal properties of plant polyphenolic compounds have long been known. As active ingredients, they are used to prevent and treat many noncommunicable diseases. In recent decades, marine macroalgae have attracted the attention of biotechnologists and pharmacologists as a promising and almost inexhaustible source of polyphenols.

Laboratory-Based Resources for COVID-19 Diagnostics: Traditional Tools and Novel Technologies. A Perspective of Personalized Medicine.

The coronavirus infection 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by the highly contagious SARS-CoV-2 virus, has provoked a global healthcare and economic crisis. The control over the spread of the disease requires an efficient and scalable laboratory-based strategy for testing the population based on multiple platforms to provide rapid and accurate diagnosis. With the onset of the pandemic, the reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) method has become a standard diagnostic tool, which has received wide clinical use.

Molecular and Genetic Bases of Inhibition of Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus Replication by Eprosartan and Ribavirin.

The antiviral activity of eprosartan (compound selected in silico) towards highly and low-virulent strains of tick-borne encephalitis virus was compared in vitro with activity of ribavirin. Study of the cytopathogenic activity of the virus on SPEV cells by ELISA, IFAT, and PCR showed similar results: both substances (eprosartan and ribavirin) promoted elimination of tick-borne encephalitis virus. Ribavirin exhibited intracellular inhibition towards both strains: the selectivity index for highly virulent Dal'negorsk strain was 160, for low-virulent Primorye-437 strain - 113.

Antiviral Potential of Sea Urchin Aminated Spinochromes against Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1.

Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) is one of the most prevalent pathogens worldwide requiring the search for new candidates for the creation of antiherpetic drugs. The ability of sea urchin spinochromes-echinochrome A (EchA) and its aminated analogues, echinamines A (EamA) and B (EamB)-to inhibit different stages of HSV-1 infection in Vero cells and to reduce the virus-induced production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was studied. We found that spinochromes exhibited maximum antiviral activity when HSV-1 was pretreated with these compounds, which indicated the direct effect of spinochromes on HSV-1 particles.

The Comparative Analysis of Antiviral Activity of Native and Modified Fucoidans from Brown Algae In Vitro and In Vivo.

The enzymatic depolymerization of fucoidans from brown algae allowed the production of their standardized derivatives with different biological activities. This work aimed to compare the antiviral activities of native (FeF) and modified with enzyme (FeHMP) fucoidans from . The cytotoxicity and antiviral activities of the FeF and FeHMP against herpes viruses (HSV-1, HSV-2), enterovirus (ECHO-1), and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) in Vero and human MT-4 cell lines were examined by methylthiazolyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and cytopathic effect (CPE) reduction assays, respectively.

Antiviral and Antioxidant Properties of Echinochrome A.

The aim of this study was to examine the in vitro antioxidant and antiviral activities of echinochrome A and echinochrome-based antioxidant composition against tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) and herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1). The antioxidant composition, which is a mixture of echinochrome A, ascorbic acid, and α-tocopherol (5:5:1), showed higher antioxidant and antiviral effects than echinochrome A. We suppose that echinochrome A and its composition can both directly affect virus particles and indirectly enhance antioxidant defense mechanisms in the hosting cell.