Three novel marine species of the genus exhibiting degradation of complex polysaccharides.

Three novel strains designated ABR2-5, BKB1-1, and WSW4-B4 belonging to the genus of the phylum were isolated from algae and mud samples collected in the West Sea, Korea. All three strains were enriched for genes encoding up to 216 carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes), which participate in the degradation of agar, alginate, carrageenan, laminarin, and starch. The 16S rRNA sequence similarities among the three novel isolates were 94.

Three marine species of the genus Fulvivirga, rich sources of carbohydrate-active enzymes degrading alginate, chitin, laminarin, starch, and xylan.

Bacteroidota is a group of marine polysaccharide degraders, which play a crucial role in the carbon cycle in the marine ecosystems. In this study, three novel gliding strains, designated as SS9-22, W9P-11, and SW1-E11, isolated from algae and decaying wood were proposed to represent three novel species of the genus Fulvivirga. We identified a large number of genes encoding for carbohydrate-active enzymes, which potentially participate in polysaccharide degradation, based on whole genome sequencing.

Algicella marina gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel marine bacterium isolated from a Pacific red alga.

A novel Gram-staining negative, strictly aerobic, rod-shaped, and non-motile bacterium, designated strain 9Alg 56, was isolated from the red alga Tichocarpus crinitus. The phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences placed the novel strain within the family Rhodobacteraceae, the order Rhodobacterales, the class Alphaproteobacteria, the phylum Pseudomonadota. The nearest neighbors of the new strain were Pontivivens insulae KCTC 42458, Oceanibium sediminis KCTC 62076, Halovulum dunhuangense YYQ-30 and Monaibacterium marinum C7 with 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 94.

Aureibaculum algae sp. nov. isolated from the Pacific red alga Ahnfeltia tobuchiensis.

A Gram stain-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped, motile by gliding and yellow-orange-pigmented bacterium, designated strain 10Alg 115, was isolated from the red alga Ahnfeltia tobuchiensis. The phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences placed the novel strain within the family Flavobacteriaceae, phylum Bacteroidetes. The nearest neighbor of the new isolate was Aureibaculum marinum KCTC 62204 with sequence similarity of 98.

Site-fidelity and spatial movements of western North Pacific gray whales on their summer range off Sakhalin, Russia.

The Western North-Pacific (WNP) gray whale feeding grounds are off the northeastern coast of Sakhalin Island, Russia and is comprised of a nearshore and offshore component that can be distinguished by both depth and location. Spatial movements of gray whales within their foraging grounds were examined based on 13 years of opportunistic vessel and shore-based photo-identification surveys. Site fidelity was assessed by examining annual return and resighting rates.

Activation of anthraquinone biosynthesis in long-cultured callus culture of Rubia cordifolia transformed with the rolA plant oncogene.

The RolA protein belongs to the RolB class of plant T-DNA oncogenes, and shares structural similarity with the papilloma virus E2 DNA-binding domain. It has potentially as an inducer of plant secondary metabolism, although its role in biotechnology has yet to be realised. In this investigation, a Rubia cordifolia callus culture transformed with the rolA plant oncogene for more than 10 years was analysed.

Non-holostane aglycones of sea cucumber triterpene glycosides. Structure, biosynthesis, evolution.

Triterpene glycosides are known as characteristic metabolites of sea cucumbers (class Holothuroidea, phylum Echinodermata). The most of them have lanostane aglycones containing 18(20)-lactone, i.e.

Polaribacter staleyi sp. nov., a polysaccharide-degrading marine bacterium isolated from the red alga Ahnfeltia tobuchiensis.

A Gram-stain-negative, rod-shaped, motile by gliding and yellow-pigmented bacterium, designated strain 10Alg 139, was isolated from the Pacific red alga Ahnfeltiato buchiensis. The phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the novel strain belonged to the genus Polaribacter, a member of the family Flavobacteriaceae, the phylum Bacteroidetes, with highest sequence similarity to Polaribacter butkevichii KMM 3938 (99.3 %) and 93.

Olleya algicola sp. nov., a marine bacterium isolated from the green alga Ulva fenestrata.

A strictly aerobic, Gram-stain-negative, rod-shaped, motile by gliding and yellow-pigmented bacterium, designated strain 3Alg 18T, was isolated from the Pacific green alga Ulva fenestrata. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the novel strain was affiliated to the family Flavobacteriaceae of the phylum Bacteroidetes, being most closely related to the type strains of recognized species of the genus Olleya, with 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 97.9-99.

Lacinutrix cladophorae sp. nov., a flavobacterium isolated from the green alga Cladophora stimpsonii, transfer of Flavirhabdus iliipiscaria Shakeela et al. 2015 to the genus Lacinutrix as Lacinutrix iliipiscaria comb. nov. and emended description of the genus Lacinutrix.

A strictly aerobic, Gram-stain-negative, rod-shaped, motile by gliding and yellow-pigmented bacterium, designated strain 7Alg 4T, was isolated from the green alga Cladophora stimpsonii. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that the novel strain was affiliated to the family Flavobacteriaceae of the phylum Bacteroidetes, and was most closely related to the recognized species of the genera Lacinutrixand Flavirhabdus, with 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 95.1-98.

Thalassospira australica sp. nov. isolated from sea water.

Two Gram-negative, non-pigmented, motile bacteria were isolated from a sea water sample collected at St. Kilda Beach, Port Philip Bay, Victoria, Australia. The two strains were found to grow between 4 and 40 °C, pH 5-10 and tolerate up to 10 % NaCl.

Lutibacter holmesii sp. nov., a marine bacterium of the family Flavobacteriaceae isolated from the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus intermedius, and emended description of the genus Lutibacter.

Seven Gram-staining-negative, strictly aerobic, pale-yellow-pigmented, rod-shaped and non-motile strains were isolated from the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus intermedius collected from Troitsa Bay, Sea of Japan. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that these isolates were affiliated with the family Flavobacteriaceae. The novel isolates showed 99.

Winogradskyella litoriviva sp. nov., isolated from coastal seawater.

A Gram-stain-negative, facultatively anaerobic, moderately halophilic and gliding bacterium, designated KMM 6491T, was isolated from coastal seawater collected from Troitsa Bay, the Sea of Japan. Comparative analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain KMM 6491T was a member of the genus Winogradskyella, with 94.5–97.

Phytoecdysteroids of the East Asian Caryophyllaceae.

Background: Occurrence of integristerone A (1), 20-hydroxyecdysone (2), ecdysone (3), 2-deoxy-20-hydroxyecdysone (4) has been analyzed in 64 species of the East Asian Caryophyllaceae.

Materials And Methods: Ecdysteroid content was determinate by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). HPLC with a high-resolution mass spectrometry was performed on Shimadzu LCMS-IT-TOF (Japan) system equipped with a LC-20A Prominence liquid chromatograph, a photodiode array detector SPD-M20A and ion-trap/time-of-flight mass spectrometer.

Marinobacter salarius sp. nov. and Marinobacter similis sp. nov., isolated from sea water.

Two non-pigmented, motile, Gram-negative marine bacteria designated R9SW1T and A3d10T were isolated from sea water samples collected from Chazhma Bay, Gulf of Peter the Great, Sea of Japan, Pacific Ocean, Russia and St. Kilda Beach, Port Phillip Bay, the Tasman Sea, Pacific Ocean, respectively. Both organisms were found to grow between 4 °C and 40 °C, between pH 6 to 9, and are moderately halophilic, tolerating up to 20% (w/v) NaCl.

Flavobacterium ahnfeltiae sp. nov., a new marine polysaccharide-degrading bacterium isolated from a Pacific red alga.

A Gram-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped, motile by gliding and yellow-pigmented bacterium, designated strain 10Alg 130(T), that displayed the ability to destroy polysaccharides of red and brown algae, was isolated from the red alga Ahnfeltia tobuchiensis. The phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence placed the novel strain within the genus Flavobacterium, the type genus of the family Flavobacteriaceae, the phylum Bacteroidetes, with sequence similarities of 96.2 and 95.

Arenicella chitinivorans sp. nov., a gammaproteobacterium isolated from the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus intermedius.

A strictly aerobic, Gram-stain-negative, rod-shaped, non-motile and yellow-pigmented bacterial strain, designated KMM 6208(T), was isolated from a sea urchin. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed that this novel isolate was affiliated to the class Gammaproteobacteria and formed a robust cluster with Arenicella xantha KMM 3895(T) with 98.2 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity.

Echinimonas agarilytica gen. nov., sp. nov., a new gammaproteobacterium isolated from the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus intermedius.

A novel Gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic and motile bacterial strain, designated KMM 6351(T), was isolated from the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus intermedius and examined using a polyphasic taxonomic approach. A phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed that the strain formed a distinct phyletic line in the class Gammaproteobacteria and was most closely related to the genera Aliivibrio, Photobacterium and Vibrio. Strain KMM 6351(T) grows at 4-40 °C and with 0.