Open comparative long-term study of vigabatrin vs carbamazepine in newly diagnosed partial seizures in children.

Objective: To compare vigabatrin with carbamazepine as monotherapy in newly diagnosed children with partial epilepsy in order to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of both drugs.

Design: Open and randomized with a 2-year follow-up period.

Setting: The Infantile Neuropsychiatric Division of the Regional Pediatric Hospital, Ancona, Italy.

The retractile testis can be a cause of adult infertility.

Objective: To determine the functional state of the testes of young adults treated for small and hypotrophic retractile testis at prepubertal age by orchiopexy and/or hormonal therapy and the functional state of the testes of adults with retractile testis.

Design: Spermiogram and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) study of the semen. Light microscopic and TEM studies of semen and testicular biopsies of adult with retractile testis were performed.