Botulin Toxin Use in Rosacea and Facial Flushing Treatment.

Botulinum toxin (BTX) is a neurotoxin derived from the Clostridium botulinum bacterium that inhibits the release of acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction level whose effects has been used for many years to treat a variety of muscular/neuromuscular conditions and more recently also for cosmetic use. BTX has experimented in some dermatological conditions, which include Rosacea and facial flushing treatment with good results. The complex mechanism underlying those results is not completely understood but was proposed a release inhibition of acetylcholine from peripheral autonomic nerves of the cutaneous vasodilatory system combined with the blockade substance P and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) thus modulating blood vessel dilatation.

Botulin Toxin Use in Scars/Keloids Treatment.

Botulinum toxin (BTX) is a neurotoxin protein derived from the Clostridium botulinum bacterium that inhibits the release of acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction level whose effects has been used for many years to treat a variety of muscular/neuromuscular conditions and more recently also for cosmetic use. BTX has experimented in some dermatological conditions which include scar prevention and treatment with good results The complex mechanism underlying those results is not completely understood but several mechanisms were proposed release inhibition of different substances like (TGF)-β, substance P, calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and glutamate thus modulating cutaneous inflammation and wound healing. We analysed the published data on BTX off label applications on scars and keloids retrieved from PubMed.

Autologous Fat Graft: Not Only an Aesthetic Solution.

Subcutaneous adipose tissue was defined as the "perfect filler" as is soft and malleable and is usually enough present in the body for correcting volume defects and small remodelling purposes. The first attempts to implant autologous adipose tissue dates back to the end of the twentieth century, and with the refinement of harvesting, processing and replanting techniques today a uniform and predictable amount of survival rate were achieved. Those improvements have led to wider use of autologous fat grafts in many medical specialities not only in aesthetic or reconstructive treatments.

Clinical updating study at 3 years on 278 patients treated by modern artificial hair implant technique (automatic biofibre®).

In this study, we report our multicentric experience of synthetic medical certified polyamide hair implants in male androgenetic, female menopausal, and chronic alopecia. Biofibre hair implantation was performed by means of a standardized, mini-invasive technique followed by regular postoperative care along 3 years. From May 2015, 278 patients were enrolled and 253 completed the trial; 202 men (79.

Autologous Fat Transfer for Facial Augmentation: Surgery and Regeneration.

Autologous fat transfer (AFT) is a well-established and safe surgical technique in which autologous fat tissue is injected at a defective site directly after its harvesting and centrifugation. Initially used as an excellent filler for facial enhancement and rejuvenation, AFT has evolved over the years into more complex reconstructive procedures. Autologous fat transfer is now additionally used for correcting and restoring cranial and maxillofacial volume defects resulting from traumas, tumors, or congenital disorders.

Propolis as an adjuvant to non-surgical periodontal treatment: a clinical study with salivary anti-oxidant capacity assessment.

Background: Periodontal diseases are characteristic for the excessive release of oxidant free-radicals by the host. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of an anti-oxidant-based formula containing propolis and herbs as an adjunctive therapy to standard non-surgical periodontal treatment (NSPT) when compared to the domiciliary use of chlorhexidine-based formulae.

Methods: Forty patients were enrolled in the present study and randomly allocated to either a control (NSPT plus chlorhexidine gel formula) group or a test (NSPT plus anti-oxidant gel formula) group.

Health and Illness in History, Science and Society.

Health is a fundamental human right. The World Health Organization defines it as a "state of complete physical, psychological and social well - being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity". The health of individuals, however, is also linked to the environment in which they live and especially to their ability to adapt and integrate into their life context.

Artificial Hair: By the Dawn to Automatic Biofibre® Hair Implant.

Since the beginning of the twentieth century, there have been attempts at creating artificial hair to treat baldness. Major evolution took place at the end of 1970's when, unfortunately, artificial hair treatments were applied without appropriate medical controls, resulting in sub-standard results from the use of unsuitable materials and technique. The large improper use of this technique in North America from no medical personnel and with dangerous fibres led the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to suspend the procedure in 1983.

Micro - Focused Phototherapy Associated To Janus Kinase Inhibitor: A Promising Valid Therapeutic Option for Patients with Localized Vitiligo.

Background: Vitiligo is an acquired pigmentary cutaneous disease, characterised by the progressive loss of melanocytes, resulting in hypopigmented skin areas which progressively become amelanotic. Classically, vitiligo treatments are unsatisfactory and challenging. Despite the continuous introduction of new therapies, phototherapy is still the mainstay for vitiligo repigmentation.

A synopsis of the history of Hansen's disease.

Leprosy is a contagious infectious disease caused by the bacillus Mycobacterium leprae. This microorganism was discovered by Dr. Gerhard Hansen, and the illness was then baptized as Hansen's disease.

Syphilis Such As the Other Sexually Transmitted Diseases Are a Cultural Background of Dermatologist.

Syphilis such as the other Sexually transmitted diseases are a cultural background of physician. The authors have presented this case of nodular secondary syphilis for three main reasons. The first one is that, in the last years, syphilis has re-emerged as the problem of public health.

An Overview of Laser in Dermatology: The Past, the Present and … the Future (?).

The authors discuss a brief history of lasers and their use in dermatology. Although the excellent results achieved by the use of laser in dermatology, this special treatment modality is in continuous evolution. At present, new devices have been under development for the therapy of different kind of diseases, while lasers, already in use, has been changing, in order to be more secure, effective and be useful in many others disorders.

An Overview on Radiotherapy: From Its History to Its Current Applications in Dermatology.

For more than a century, radiotherapy has been an effective treatment for oncologic patients. The Authors report a brief history of the radiation therapy and its actual indication for the treatments of cutaneous malignant diseases.

Asymptomatic Papules and Subcutaneous Nodules as First Sign of Gout.

The authors describe a case report characterised by asymptomatic papules and non-tender subcutaneous nodules as the isolated manifestations of gout.

Erythema Ab Igne Successfully Treated With Mesoglycan and Bioflavonoids: A Case-Report.

Erythema ab igne is a localised, cutaneous condition consisting of reticulate hyperpigmentation, epidermal atrophy, and telangiectasias. It is caused by repetitive and prolonged exposure to moderate heat that is insufficient for producing burns. Currently, erythema ab igne is most commonly observed following repeated use of hot water bottles, infrared lamps and heating pads.

The Importance of First Aid to Burned Patients: 30 Years of Experience at the Burns Centre in Pisa.

The first aids to burned patients are fundamental for the evolution of the disease and the success of the next medical care in a Burns Center. In our 30-years experience, we can reassume that they must be provided to limit the cause of thermal damage, to evaluate and correct eventual respiratory or cardiovascular disorders, to find out the possible damage to different organs and the primary care on cutaneous lesions.

Clinical and Epidemiological Features of Dermatophyte Infections in Almaty, Kazakhstan.

The cutaneous dermatomycoses are among topical issues in all countries worldwide. They are registered in 20% of the world population. Dermatophyte infections incidence frequency varies depending on a season, region, effective anti-epidemic measures management, and effective treatment methods.

Psychoneurocutaneous medicine: past, present and future.

Psychoneurocutaneous medicine is an important and rapidly growing field. It is an integrative science created to address the interaction between the mind, nervous system and skin. Four major fields are involved: psychiatry, psychology, neurology and dermatology.

Contact dermatitis: a historical perspective.

Contact dermatitis is a common skin condition that can have a considerable impact on patient quality of life and function. Historically, contact dermatitis has played a significant role in the evolution of dermatology as the understanding of a relationship between environmental exposure and specific skin disease became more widely accepted. Reports about this relationship can be found throughout the history of humanity, thousands of years ago.

The history of Botulinum toxin: from poison to beauty.

Botulinum toxin, also called the "miracle toxin," is a neurotoxin produced by the bacteria Clostridium botulinum. It is known to block nerve signals that contract muscles resulting in a temporary paralysis of the muscles. Toxins type A and B have been extensively studied and utilized in the realm of beauty and cosmetology.

Body dysmorphic disorder: history and curiosities.

Body dysmorphic disorder is a chronic psychiatric disorder characterized by excessive preoccupation with an absent or minimal physical deformity. It causes severe distress and impairs normal functioning. In the last centuries, this disorder has been mentioned in the medical literature by important mental health practitioners by different names, such as "dysmorphophobia" or "dermatologic hypochondriasis".

The history of women in dermatology.

In the past and present, the status of men is often superior to women in most developing countries and it has a negative effect on the social development of these countries. If women are educated as men in a society, then this society can advance rapidly since the effect of educated women influence the quality of life and health in a positive way and not only for those women, but younger generations who follow them as well. This article reviews the history of some remarkable women in dermatology.

Rapid communication: a vegetable oil extract restores redox status in fibroblasts from psoriatic patients.

Psoriasis is an inflammatory skin disease that affects 2-5% of the worldwide population. It is a chronic immune-mediated hyperproliferative inflammatory skin disease of unknown etiology, characterized by the appearance of sore patches of thick, red skin with silvery scales.