Noninvasive respiratory support in the perioperative setting: a narrative review.

The application of preoperative noninvasive respiratory support (NRS) has been expanding with increasing recognition of its potential role in this setting as a physiological optimization for patients with a high risk of developing atelectasis and postoperative pulmonary complications (PPC). The increased availability of high-performance anesthesia ventilator machines providing an easy way for NRS support in patients with reduced lung function should not be under-evaluated. This support can reduce hypoxia, restore lung volumes and theoretically reduce atelectasis formation after general anesthesia.

Periostial and cartilage morphology in knee osteoarthritis: beneficial effects of supplementation with Pycnogenol® + Centellicum®.

Background: The aim of this registry study was to evaluate the progress of osteoarthrosis (OA) symptoms after the intake of a new standardized supplement combination (Pycnogenol + Centellicum, both Horphag Research) in a group of subjects with OA.

Methods: Supplemented subjects took daily 150 mg Pycnogenol + 450 mg Centellicum for 6 months. Another comparable group of subjects using only standard management (SM) was included as a reference.

Transcranial Doppler and Color-Coded Doppler Use for Brain Death Determination in Adult Patients: A Pictorial Essay.

Transcranial Doppler (TCD) is a repeatable, at-the-bedside, helpful tool for confirming cerebral circulatory arrest (CCA). Despite its variable accuracy, TCD is increasingly used during brain death determination, and it is considered among the optional ancillary tests in several countries. Among its limitations, the need for skilled operators with appropriate knowledge of typical CCA patterns and the lack of adequate acoustic bone windows for intracranial arteries assessment are critical.

Off-clamp Versus On-clamp Robot-assisted Partial Nephrectomy: A Systematic Review and Quantitative Synthesis by the European Association of Urology Young Academic Urologists Renal Cancer Study Group.

Context: The superiority of off-clamp robot-assisted partial nephrectomy (RAPN) over the on-clamp technique has recently been questioned by randomized controlled trials comparing the two techniques.

Objective: To systematically review the recent literature and perform a quantitative synthesis of data on the comparison of off-clamp versus off-clamp hilar control during RAPN.

Evidence Acquisition: A systematic search was performed in the PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Scopus databases for studies comparing off-clamp versus on-clamp RAPN in terms of perioperative and functional outcomes.

The Evanescent Bouquet of Individual Bear Fingerprint.

The evanescent and invisible communication carried by chemical signals, pheromones, or signature mixtures or, as we prefer, the pheromonal individual fingerprint, between members of the same species is poorly studied in mammals, mainly because of the lack of identification of the molecules. The difference between pheromones and the pheromonal individual fingerprint is that the former generate stereotyped innate responses while the latter requires learning, i.e.

Physiological discrimination and correlation between olfactory and gustatory dysfunction in long-term COVID-19.

The spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus produces a new disease termed COVID-19, the underlying physiological mechanisms of which are still being understood. Characteristic of the infection is the compromising of taste and smell. There is a persistent need to discriminate the dysfunctions and correlation between taste and smell, which are probably epiphenomena of other concealed conditions.

Unmasking the 'Asymptomatic' COVID-19: A Nose Question.

The new severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus has high infectivity, often masked by asymptomatic carriers, which allows it to spread rapidly and become a pandemic. Attempts to slow the pandemic at this stage depend on the ability to unmask asymptomatic carriers. The rapid diagnosis of active coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection is one of the cornerstones of pandemic control, as the nasal cavity is the main gateway for SARS-CoV-2 entry and altered sense of smell is a feature of the current virus.

Automated detection and classification of tumor histotypes on dynamic PET imaging data through machine-learning driven voxel classification.

2-deoxy-2-fluorine-(F)fluoro-d-glucose Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography (F-FDG-PET/CT) is widely used in oncology mainly for diagnosis and staging of various cancer types, including lung cancer, which is the most common cancer worldwide. Since histopathologic subtypes of lung cancer show different degree of F-FDG uptake, to date there are some diagnostic limits and uncertainties, hindering an F-FDG-PET-driven classification of histologic subtypes of lung cancers. On the other hand, since activated macrophages, neutrophils, fibroblasts and granulation tissues also show an increased F-FDG activity, infectious and/or inflammatory processes and post-surgical and post-radiation changes may cause false-positive results, especially for lymph-nodes assessment.

Usefulness of Brain Positron Emission Tomography with Different Tracers in the Evaluation of Patients with Idiopathic Normal Pressure Hydrocephalous.

Idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) is the only form of dementia that can be cured by surgery. Its diagnosis relies on clinical and radiological criteria. Identifying patients who can benefit from surgery is challenging, as other neurological diseases can be concomitant or mimic iNPH.

68Ga-DOTATATE and 123I-mIBG as imaging biomarkers of disease localisation in metastatic neuroblastoma: implications for molecular radiotherapy.

Purpose: Iodine-131-labelled meta-iodobenzylguanidine (I-mIBG) and lutetium-177-labelled DOTATATE (Lu-DOTATATE) are used for molecular radiotherapy of metastatic neuroblastoma. These are taken up by the noradrenaline transporter (NAT) and the somatostatin receptor subtype 2 (SSTR-2), respectively. Scintigraphy of iodine-123-labelled meta-iodobenzylguanidine (I-mIBG) and gallium-68 DOTATATE (Ga-DOTATATE) PET are used to select patients for therapy.

Atypical Presentation of COVID-19 Incidentally Detected at 18F-FDG PET/CT in an Asymptomatic Oncological Patient.

The incidence of COVID-19, a severe acute respiratory syndrome caused by SARS-CoV-2, is rapidly growing worldwide. In this pandemic period, the chance of incidental pulmonary findings suggestive of COVID-19 at F-FDG PET/CT in asymptomatic oncological patients is not negligible. To suspect COVID-19 is more demanding whether its presentation is atypical.

Optimizing a clinical guidance for diagnosis of atopic dermatitis in adults: joint recommendations of the Italian Society of Dermatology and Venereology (SIDeMaST), Italian Association of Hospital Dermatologists (ADOI), and Italian Society of Allergological, Occupational and Environmental Dermatology (SIDAPA).

Atopic dermatitis (AD) places significant burden not only on quality of life, but is also associated with considerable costs to healthcare systems. Diagnosis of AD may be challenging when it starts in adolescence or adulthood, and is further complicated as its manifestations are different from those generally seen in children. Accordingly, better definition of diagnostic criteria for adult onset AD is needed to avoid misdiagnosis and undertreatment in adult patients.

Anatase TiO as a Cheap and Sustainable Buffering Filler for Silicon Nanoparticles in Lithium-Ion Battery Anodes.

The design of effective supporting matrices to efficiently cycle Si nanoparticles is often difficult to achieve and requires complex preparation strategies. In this work, we present a simple synthesis of low-cost and environmentally benign aAnatase TiO nanoparticles as buffering filler for Si nanoparticles (Si@TiO ). The average anatase TiO crystallite size was approximately 5 nm.