Unfolded protein response: An essential element of intestinal homeostasis and a potential therapeutic target for inflammatory bowel disease.

Different physiological and pathological situations can produce alterations in the cell's endoplasmic reticulum (ER), leading to a condition known as ER stress, which can trigger an intricate intracellular signal transduction system known as the unfolded protein response (UPR). UPR is primarily tailored to restore proteostasis and ER equilibrium; otherwise, if ER stress persists, it can cause programmed cell death as a cytoprotective mechanism and drive inflammatory processes. Therefore, since intestinal cells strongly rely on UPR for their biological functions and unbalanced UPR has been linked to inflammatory, metabolic, and immune disorders, here we discussed the role of the UPR within the intestinal tract, focusing on the UPR contribution to inflammatory bowel disease development.

ECG Patterns of Occlusion Myocardial Infarction: A Narrative Review.

The traditional management of acute coronary syndrome has relied on the identification of ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) as a proxy of acute coronary occlusion. This conflation of STEMI with acute coronary occlusion has historically overshadowed non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI), despite evidence suggesting 25% to 34% of NSTEMI cases may also include acute coronary occlusion. Current limitations in the STEMI/NSTEMI binary framework underscore the need for a revised approach to chest pain and acute coronary syndrome management.

Vaginal delivery of the second twin: simulation to improve trainee knowledge and comfort.

Background: Vaginal delivery in twins is feasible but challenging. Successful vaginal delivery of a non-vertex second twin depends on knowledge of specific obstetrical maneuvers. Skill acquisition at the patient's bedside is difficult, making simulation training an integral part of obstetrics and gynecology residency programs.

Proteolysis-targeting influenza vaccine strains induce broad-spectrum immunity and in vivo protection.

Generating effective live vaccines from intact viruses remains challenging owing to considerations of safety and immunogenicity. Approaches that can be applied in a systematic manner are needed. Here we created a library of live attenuated influenza vaccines by using diverse cellular E3 ubiquitin ligases to generate proteolysis-targeting (PROTAR) influenza A viruses.

PROTAR Vaccine 2.0 generates influenza vaccines by degrading multiple viral proteins.

Manipulating viral protein stability using the cellular ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) represents a promising approach for developing live-attenuated vaccines. The first-generation proteolysis-targeting (PROTAR) vaccine had limitations, as it incorporates proteasome-targeting degrons (PTDs) at only the terminal ends of viral proteins, potentially restricting its broad application. Here we developed the next-generation PROTAR vaccine approach, referred to as PROTAR 2.

Perspectives on the use of decellularized/devitalized and lyophilized human perinatal tissues for bone repair: Advantages and remaining challenges.

Human amniotic membrane (hAM) has been extensively used for several decades as a bioactive scaffold for regenerative medicine. In its cryopreserved form-one of the main storage formats-the presence of viable cells has often been questioned. Furthermore, there is little published evidence of the role of endogenous amniotic cells from cryopreserved hAM in tissue repair.

The lived experience of postpartum depression and psychosis in women: a bottom-up review co-written by experts by experience and academics.

This is the first bottom-up review of the lived experience of postpartum depression and psychosis in women. The study has been co-designed, co-conducted and co-written by experts by experience and academics, drawing on first-person accounts within and outside the medical field. The material initially identified was shared with all participants in a cloud-based system, discussed across the research team, and enriched by phenomenological insights.

Esketamine Treatment Trajectory of Patients with Treatment-Resistant Depression in the Mid and Long-Term Run: Data from REAL-ESK Study Group.

Introduction/objective: Data on long-term treatment with Esketamine Nasal Spray (ESKNS) in real-world patients with treatment resistant depression (TRD) is scarce. The primary aim of the study is to evaluate the effectiveness and tolerability of ESK-NS treatment at 6 and 12-month follow-ups.

Methods: This is part of an observational, retrospective, multicentric Italian study (REAL-ESK study).

Influenza vaccination hesitancy and related factors among pregnant and breastfeeding women: A cross-sectional study.

Achieving safe influenza vaccination coverage among pregnant and breastfeeding women is a global health goal due to the potential risks of serious influenza for both mother and child. However, vaccine hesitancy remains a significant barrier to vaccination uptake. Since anxiety represents a determinant in vaccine decision-making, this study aimed to assess influenza vaccination hesitancy and anxiety levels in this population and to explore the association between women's characteristics, their reluctance, and anxiety levels.

Basic psychological needs satisfaction, coping functions, and emotional experiences in competitive athletes: a multi-states theory perspective.

The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between basic psychological needs satisfaction, coping functions, cognitive appraisals, emotions, and psychobiosocial experiences in competitive athletes. Multi-states (MuSt) theory was used as the theoretical framework. The study involved a convenience sample of 183 Italian athletes (102 men), aged 16 to 48 years (M = 24.

The Immunophenotype and the Odontogenic Commitment of Dental Pulp Stem Cells Co-Cultured with Macrophages Under Inflammatory Conditions Is Modulated by Complex Magnetic Fields.

Dental inflammatory diseases remain a challenging clinical issue, whose causes and development are still not fully understood. During dental caries, bacteria penetrate the tooth pulp, causing pulpitis. To prevent pulp necrosis, it is crucial to promote tissue repair by recruiting immune cells, such as macrophages, able to secrete signal molecules for the pulp microenvironment and thus to recruit dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) in the damaged site.

Exploring oncology treatment strategies with tyrosine kinase inhibitors through advanced 3D models (Review).

The limitations of two-dimensional (2D) models in cancer research have hindered progress in fully understanding the complexities of drug resistance and therapeutic failures. However, three-dimensional (3D) models provide a more accurate representation of environments, capturing critical cellular interactions and dynamics that are essential in evaluating the efficacy and toxicity of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). These advanced models enable researchers to explore drug resistance mechanisms with greater precision, optimizing treatment strategies and improving the predictive accuracy of clinical outcomes.

The Influence of Resistance Training on Joint Flexibility in Healthy Adults: A Systematic Review, Meta-analysis, and Meta-regression.

Favro, F, Roma, E, Gobbo, S, Bullo, V, Di Blasio, A, Cugusi, L, and Bergamin, M. The influence of resistance training on joint flexibility in healthy adults: A systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000-000, 2024-Joint flexibility is a key component of physical fitness.

Exploring Potential Impact of Graphene Oxide and Graphene Oxide-Polyethylenimine on Biological Behavior of Human Amniotic Fluid-Derived Stem Cells.

Regenerative medicine and tissue engineering aim to restore or replace impaired organs and tissues using cell transplantation supported by scaffolds. Recently scientists are focusing on developing new biomaterials that optimize cellular attachment, migration, proliferation, and differentiation. Nanoparticles, such as graphene oxide (GO), have emerged as versatile materials due to their high surface-to-volume ratio and unique chemical properties, such as electrical conductivity and flexibility.

Microbiota and Autism: A Review on Oral and Gut Microbiome Analysis Through 16S rRNA Sequencing.

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental condition with multifactorial etiologies, including genetic, environmental, and microbiological factors. In recent years, increasing attention has been given to the role of the gut microbiota in ASD. Emerging evidence suggests that gut microbiota dysbiosis may influence the central nervous system through the gut-brain axis, potentially impacting behavior and neurodevelopment.

Psychiatric Disorders and Cognitive Fluctuations in Parkinson's Disease: Changing Approaches in the First Decades of the 21st Century.

Parkinson's Disease (PD) is a multifaceted neurodegenerative disorder characterized, in addition to the well-recognized motor disturbances, by a complex interplay between cognitive and psychiatric manifestations. We dissect the complex landscape of PD-related psychiatric symptoms, taking into account the impact of functional neurological disorders, somatic delusions, impulse control disorders, and conditions within the bipolar spectrum. The newer entities of somatoform and functional neurological disorders, as well as preexisting bipolar spectrum disorders, are analyzed in detail.

Platelets as crucial players in the dynamic interplay of inflammation, immunity, and cancer: unveiling new strategies for cancer prevention.

Inflammation plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of various diseases by promoting the acquisition of new functional traits by different cell types. Shared risk factors between cardiovascular disease and cancer, including smoking, obesity, diabetes, high-fat diet, low physical activity, and alcohol consumption, contribute to inflammation linked to platelet activation. Platelets contribute to an inflammatory state by activating various normal cells, such as fibroblasts, immune cells, and vascular cells.

Unprecedented carbonic anhydrase inhibition mechanism: Targeting histidine 64 side chain through a halogen bond.

2,2'-Thio-bis(4,6-dichlorophenol), namely bithionol, is a small molecule endowed with a multifaceted bioactivity. Its peculiar polychlorinated phenolic structure makes it a suitable candidate to explore its potentialities in establishing interaction patterns with enzymes of MedChem interest, such as the human carbonic anhydrase (hCA) metalloenzymes. Herein, bithionol was tested on a panel of specific hCAs through the stopped-flow technique, showing a promising micromolar inhibitory activity for the hCA II isoform.

The combination of hyaluronic acids and collagen boosts human Achilles tendon-derived cell escape from inflammation and matrix remodeling in vitro.

Objective: This study explores whether hyaluronic acid (HA) of different molecular weights and collagen, given their role in tendon extracellular matrix maintenance, have a synergistic effect on human tendon-derived cells, with the aim to improve the treatment of tendinopathy.

Material: Human monocytes (CRL-9855™) and primary Achilles tendon-derived cells.

Treatment: The collagen/HA ratio was based on the formulation of the commercial food supplement TendoGenIAL™.

The interplay between gut microbiota and the unfolded protein response: Implications for intestinal homeostasis preservation and dysbiosis-related diseases.

The unfolded protein response (UPR) is a complex intracellular signal transduction system that orchestrates the cellular response during Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) stress conditions to reestablish cellular proteostasis. If, on one side, prolonged ER stress conditions can lead to programmed cell death and autophagy as a cytoprotective mechanism, on the other, unresolved ER stress and improper UPR activation represent a perilous condition able to trigger or exacerbate inflammatory responses. Notably, intestinal and immune cells experience ER stress physiologically due to their high protein secretory rate.

Childhood heart disease and parental emotional wellbeing: a predictive model to explain the perception of quality of life in children and adolescents.

Background: The number of people living with congenital heart disease (CHD) in 2017 was estimated to be 12 million, which was 19% higher than that in 1990. However, their death rate declined by 35%, emphasizing the importance of monitoring their quality of life due to its impact on several patient outcomes. The main objective of this study is to analyze how parents' psychosocial factors contribute to children's and adolescents' perceptions of their QoL, focusing on their medical condition.

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy management: a systematic review of the clinical practice guidelines and recommendations.

Aims: In light of recent advances in imaging techniques, molecular understanding and therapeutic options in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), we performed a systematic review of current guidelines for the diagnosis and management of HCM in order to identify consensus and discrepant areas in the clinical practice guidelines.

Methods And Results: We systematically reviewed the English language guidelines and recommendations for the management of HCM in adults. MEDLINE and EMBASE databases were searched for guidelines published in the last 10 years.