Recommendations of Multiple Sclerosis and Neuroimmunology Section of Polish Neurological Society and Immuno-oncology Section of Polish Society of Oncology on oncological risk in patients with multiple sclerosis undergoing immunomodulatory therapy.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that is usually diagnosed between the ages of 20 and 40. Changes in the immune system also observed in cancer may suggest a higher prevalence of cancer in the MS patient population. In recent years, many highly effective immunosuppressive drugs have been introduced into disease-modifying therapy (DMT) which may be associated with a higher risk of cancer development in patients with MS.

Catalytic-independent functions of the Integrator-PP2A complex (INTAC) confer sensitivity to BET inhibition.

Chromatin and transcription regulators are critical to defining cell identity through shaping epigenetic and transcriptional landscapes, with their misregulation being closely linked to oncogenesis. Pharmacologically targeting these regulators, particularly the transcription-activating BET proteins, has emerged as a promising approach in cancer therapy, yet intrinsic or acquired resistance frequently occurs, with poorly understood mechanisms. Here, using genome-wide CRISPR screens, we find that BET inhibitor efficacy in mediating transcriptional silencing and growth inhibition depends on the auxiliary/arm/tail module of the Integrator-PP2A complex (INTAC), a global regulator of RNA polymerase II pause-release dynamics.

Discriminative detection of various organophosphorus nerve agents and analogues based on self-trapping probe coupled with SERS.

Organophosphorus nerve agents (OPNAs) are highly lethal chemical warfare agents (CWAs), which poses a serious threat to human health and safety. The accurate and rapid identification of OPNAs is crucial for medical diagnosis and effective treatment. However, distinguishing between various OPNAs and their analogues using on-site point-of-care testing (POCT) remains challenging.

The association of HLA-DRB1 allele group but not HLA-B or ERAP1-rs7063 gene polymorphisms with atopic dermatitis.

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is one of the most common dermatoses. According to current data 2.6 % of the world's population suffer from AD.

Standard: Human gastric organoids.

Organoid technology provides a transformative approach to understand human physiology and pathology, offering valuable insights for scientific research and therapeutic development. Human gastric organoids, in particular, have gained significant interest for applications in disease modeling, drug discovery, and studies of tissue regeneration and homeostasis. However, the lack of standardized quality control has limited their extensive clinical applications.

Small mammals and associated infections in China: a systematic review and spatial modelling analysis.

Background: As natural reservoirs of diverse pathogens, small mammals are considered a key interface for guarding public health due to their wide geographic distribution, high density and frequent interaction with humans.

Methods: All formally recorded natural occurrences of small mammals (Order: Rodentia, Eulipotyphla, Lagomorpha, and Scandentia) and their associated microbial infections in China were searched in the English and Chinese literature spanning from 1950 to 2021 and geolocated. Machine learning models were applied to determine ecological drivers for the distributions of 45 major small mammal species and two common rodent-borne diseases (RBDs), and model-predicted potential risk locations were mapped.

Sutureless FOCUS harmonic scalpel versus clamp-and-tie techniques for thyroidectomy: a meta-analysis of 43 randomized controlled trials.

Background: One of the most important surgical steps during thyroidectomy is the safe ligation of vessels. In fact, it is crucial to avoid postoperative bleeding and nerves' injury. The "clamp and tie" technique was first introduced in the 19th century.

Prophylaxis by a reversible cholinesterase inhibitor and the treatment NMDA receptor antagonists as combinatorial countermeasure against nerve agent poisoning in mice model.

The current pharmacological pretreatment and medical treatment of nerve agent poisoning is an insufficiently addressed medical task. The prophylactic efficacy of a novel compound acting dually as an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor and NMDA receptor antagonist (K1959) and the therapeutic efficacy of a novel NMDA receptor antagonist (K2060) were evaluated in the NMRI mice model of nerve agent poisoning by tabun, soman and sarin. Their added value to the standard antidotal treatment (a combination of oxime reactivator and atropine) was also analyzed.

Is pre-hospital haemoglobin an efficient marker of the need for transfusion and haemorrhagic shock in severe trauma patients? A retrospective observational study.

Background: Haemorrhagic shock is the leading cause of preventable death among trauma patients. Early detection of severe haemorrhage is essential for initiating timely resuscitation and mobilizing resources for massive transfusion (MT) protocols and damage control procedures. This study aimed to assess the predictive value of prehospital haemoglobin (Hb) levels for the need for transfusion at admission, the presence of haemorrhagic shock (HS), and the necessity for MT or haemostatic surgery.

Chinese guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of rheumatoid arthritis: 2024 update.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease with destructive arthritis as its main clinical manifestation, which is a major cause of disability. It is very important to formulate and update a guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of RA that adhere to international guideline development standards and can be applied to clinical practice in China. This guideline is endorsed and developed by the National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases, collaborated with Rheumatologists Branch of Chinese Medical Doctor Association, Rheumatology Rehabilitation Branch of Chinese Association of Rehabilitation Medicine, Rheumatology Branch of Chinese Research Hospital Association, and Rheumatology Branch of Beijing Association of Holistic Integrative Medicine, based on grading of recommendations assessment, development and evaluation (GRADE) and reporting items for practice guidelines in healthcare (RIGHT).

Optimising lighting conditions to enhance seafarer adaptation to the '6-h on/6-h off' shift pattern: a balanced crossover study.

The '6-h on/6-h off' shift pattern could potentially disrupt the physiological rhythms and cognitive performance of seafarers, attributed to its shorter and more frequent shifts. Conversely, light exposure has been demonstrated to enhance cognitive abilities and synchronise physiological processes. Therefore, we studied the fatigue, cognition, sleep and rhythm of seafarers with different shifts to determine how light can benefit their performance.

Tumor cell-derived N-acetyl-aspartyl-glutamate reshapes the tumor microenvironment to facilitate breast cancer metastasis.

Neurotransmitters are increasingly recognized to play important roles in limiting anti-tumor immunity. N-acetyl-aspartyl-glutamate (NAAG) has been extensively studied in neurological disorders; however, its potential role in restricting anti-tumor immunity has not been investigated. Here, we demonstrated that NAAG or its synthetase RimK-like family member B (RIMKLB) significantly disrupted anti-tumor immunity by rewiring the myeloid progenitor differentiation of polymorphonuclear myeloid-derived suppressor cells (PMN-MDSCs), which in turn promoted breast cancer growth and metastasis.

Comprehensive multi-omics, behavioral and morphological analysis of the hazards of nano-plastics in mice with internal carotid artery occlusion.

Accumulation of nanoplastics (NPs) poses a severe threat to the homeostasis of the internal environment in patients with chronic diseases. The effects of NP contamination on health in chronically ill populations must urgently be elucidated. In this study, NPs injected via the tail vein were distributed in the brain and internal organs in a mouse model of chronic internal carotid occlusion.

Updates on Methods for Body Composition Analysis: Implications for Clinical Practice.

Background: Recent technological advances have introduced novel methods for measuring body composition, each with unique benefits and limitations. The choice of method often depends on the trade-offs between accuracy, cost, participant burden, and the ability to measure specific body composition compartments.

Objective: To review the considerations of cost, accuracy, portability, and participant burden in reference and emerging body composition assessment methods, and to evaluate their clinical applicability.

Review of Short-Wavelength Infrared Flip-Chip Bump Bonding Process Technology.

Short-wave infrared (SWIR) imaging has a wide range of applications in civil and military fields. Over the past two decades, significant efforts have been devoted to developing high-resolution, high-sensitivity, and cost-effective SWIR sensors covering the spectral range from 0.9 μm to 3 μm.

Transcriptomics and Proteomics Analysis of the Liver of Knockout Mice.

RAD52 plays crucial roles in several aspects of mammalian cells, including DNA double-strand breaks repair, viral infection, cancer development, and antibody class switching. To comprehensively elucidate the role of RAD52 in maintaining genome stability and uncover additional functions of RAD52 in mammals, we performed the transcriptomics and proteomics analysis of the liver of knockout mice. Transcriptomics analysis reveals overexpression of mitochondrial genes in the liver of knockout (RAD52KO) mice.

Dapsone Alters Phenotypical and Functional Properties of Human Neutrophils In Vitro.

Dapsone is a sulfone used in treating inflammatory skin conditions. Despite its widespread dermatological use, the pharmacological actions of dapsone remain poorly understood. Here, we examined how different aspects of neutrophil functions are affected by dapsone.

Association of cystatin C kidney function measures with motoric cognitive risk syndrome: evidence from two cohort studies.

Background: This study aimed to examine the associations of cystatin C, cystatin C estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFRcys), and the difference between eGFRs (eGFRdiff) using cystatin C and creatinine levels with incident motoric cognitive risk syndrome (MCR).

Methods: We utilized data from two nationally representative cohort studies, the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS, 2011-2015) and the US Health and Retirement Study (HRS, 2010-2018). Baseline serum cystatin C and creatinine levels were measured, and eGFRcys and creatinine estimated GFR (eGFRcr) were calculated.

Medicaid Unwinding Experiences in Dual-Eligible Older Adults.

Importance: Dual-eligible older adults rely on Medicaid to pay for Medicare premiums and cost sharing in addition to supplemental services including dental and long-term care. However, the unique experiences of dual-eligible older adults with Medicaid unwinding remain unknown.

Objective: To assess the awareness and experiences of dual-eligible older adults with Medicaid redetermination.

The impact of war on people with type 2 diabetes in Ukraine: a survey study.

Background: Although the number of studies reporting war-induced effects on the health of the Ukrainian population has been growing, there are still little data on assessing patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) during the war. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of war on T2D patients' health to define key risk factors promoting disease progression.

Methods: A survey covering various aspects of T2D patients' experience and glycemic control data was conducted from June 2022 to February 2024.

Early identification of potentially reversible cancer cachexia using explainable machine learning driven by body weight dynamics: a multicenter cohort study.

Background: Cachexia is associated with multiple adverse outcomes in cancer. However, clinical decision-making for oncology patients at the cachexia stage presents significant challenges.

Objective: This study aims to develop a machine learning (ML) model to identify potentially reversible cancer cachexia (PRCC).

Self-critical strategy adjustment based artificial intelligence method in generating diagnostic reports of respiratory diseases.

Objective: Humanity faces many health challenges, among which respiratory diseases are one of the leading causes of human death. Existing AI-driven pre-diagnosis approaches can enhance the efficiency of diagnosis but still face challenges. For example, single-modal data suffer from information redundancy or loss, difficulty in learning relationships between features, and revealing the obscure characteristics of complex diseases.

ENT specialists' knowledge and their skills in detecting maxillary sinusitis of odontogenic origin, a cross-sectional study.

Background: Odontogenic maxillary sinusitis (OMS) is recognized in literature, but diagnosing it is challenging due to its different and overlapping clinical presentations of it. Misdiagnosis can lead to persistent symptoms and clinical burden. Interestingly, recent guidelines from the American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery lack recommendations for dental evaluation in adult sinusitis cases.

Novel anti-HER2 ADCs vs dual anti-HER2 antibody for HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer failed to tyrosine kinase inhibitor.

Background: Both novel anti-human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) and pertuzumab and trastuzumab (HP) combined with chemotherapy(C) regimens are the choice of treatment for HER2 positive metastatic breast cancer (MBC) after tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). Our team's previous research has shown significant therapeutic effects of novel anti-HER2 ADCs in patients with TKIs treatment failure. Unfortunately, there is currently no data available to compare novel anti-HER2 ADCs with HP combined with chemotherapy regimens.

Associations between Insomnia Severity, Perceived Stress, Mental Toughness, Dark Triad Traits, and Organizational Citizenship Behavior among Cadets of the Swiss Armed Forces.

Background: Compared to the general population, military personnel are at increased risk for insomnia and poor psychological well-being. The present study: (1) compared categories of insomnia severity between cadets of the Swiss Armed Forces (SAF) and previously published norms and (2) investigated the associations between insomnia and psychological well-being related to perceived stress, mental toughness, dark triad traits, and organizational citizenship behavior (OCB).

Methods: A total of 216 cadets of the SAF (mean age: 20.