Characterization of alternative sPD-1 isoforms reveals that ECD sPD-1 signature predicts an efficient antitumor response.

Soluble PD-1 is a dissociated form of membrane PD-1 broadly present in cancer, infections, or autoimmune diseases. However, the clinical significance of sPD-1 remains controversial due to the uncertainty of its isoforms, origin, and production mechanism. Here, using antibodies specifically binding to the intracellular domain of PD-1, we identified two sPD-1 isoforms in cancers at the protein level: FL sPD-1 containing both the extra- and intracellular domains of PD-1, and ECD sPD-1 containing only the extracellular fragment.

Associations of reproductive factors and circadian syndrome in middle-aged and elderly women: A nationwide cross-sectional study from China, the United Kingdom and the United States.

Circadian Syndrome (CircS) was recently recognized as a novel predictor of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk, with reproductive factors playing an important role in CVD risk. Yet, studies linking reproductive factors to CircS remain sparse. Data on middle-aged and elderly women were extracted from three nationally representative surveys: the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) and the English Longitudinal Study on Ageing (ELSA) provided the training set, and the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) constituted the validation set.

Relationship between MRI features and HIF-1α, GLUT1 and Ki-67 expression in pituitary adenoma with cystic degeneration.

Background: Pituitary adenomas (PAs) are prevalent tumors that often exhibit ischemia, hypoxia, and cystic transformations, impacting their prognosis. The relationship between cystic degeneration in PAs and the expressions of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1), and Ki-67 remains unclear. This study aims to analyze the correlation between MRI characteristics of cystic PA and the expression of these proteins.

Development and validation of an ultrasound-based interpretable machine learning model for the classification of ≤3 cm hepatocellular carcinoma: a multicentre retrospective diagnostic study.

Background: Our study aimed to develop a machine learning (ML) model utilizing grayscale ultrasound (US) to distinguish ≤3 cm small hepatocellular carcinoma (sHCC) from non-HCC lesions.

Methods: A total of 1052 patients with 1058 liver lesions ≤3 cm from 55 hospitals were collected between May 2017 and June 2021, and 756 liver lesions were randomly allocated into train and internal validation cohorts at a 8:2 ratio for the development and evaluation of ML models based on multilayer perceptron (MLP) and extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) methods (Model utilizing US imaging features; Model adding US radiomics features; Model employing clinical features further). The diagnostic performance of three models was assessed in external validation cohort (312 liver lesions from 14 hospitals).

A meta-analysis of albumin, globulin, and albumin globulin ratios for predicting prognosis of cervical cancer.

This study intends to investigate the performance of albumin, globulin, and albumin-globulin ratio (AGR) in predicting the prognosis of patients with cervical cancer. PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases were searched for relevant articles up to 1 March 2024. To elucidate the prognostic power of albumin, globulin, and AGR in cervical cancer patients, hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were computed.

Health inequality and improvement gap in the prevalence of gynecological cancers among perimenopausal women globally, 1990-2019.

Background: Perimenopausal women are a high-risk group for gynecological cancers; however, the spatiotemporal heterogeneity in prevalence and its association with socioeconomic development have not been fully explored. This study aimed to analyze the global burden of cervical, ovarian, and uterine cancers among perimenopausal women, examine health inequalities, and investigate their relationship with socioeconomic levels.

Methods: We assessed the disease burden of gynecological cancers in perimenopausal women using the 2019 Global Burden of Disease study (GBD2019) data, utilizing prevalence and Years of Life Lost (YLL) rates.

[Diagnosis and treatment of special type of laryngeal foreign body with granuloma in children].

This article explores the diagnosis and treatment of a special type of laryngeal foreign body with granuloma in children, providing a clinical reference for standardized diagnosis and treatment. This article retrospectively analyzes one case admitted to our department and five other cases reported in relevant literature involving a special type of laryngeal foreign body with granuloma in children. It summarizes the clinical characteristics of this disease and explores its diagnosis and treatment.

Metformin ameliorates peripheral neuropathy in diabetic rats by downregulating autophagy via the AMPK pathway.

Objective: Diabetic neuropathy (DN) is an important complication of diabetes mellitus. Autophagy is considered to be potentially involved in the regulation of DN. Metformin is broadly utilized in the first-line treatment of diabetes.

The efficacy and safety of rhGH treatment combined with letrozole/GnRHa in adolescent boys.

Objective: In boys during puberty who were undergoing recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) treatment, we compared the therapeutic efficacy on growth, and any adverse reactions, of co-therapy with either letrozole or gonadotropin-releasing hormone analog (GnRHa).

Methods: Fifty-six pubertal growth hormone deficiency (GHD) boys were studied, they were treated with the combination of letrozole and rhGH (letrozole group, n = 28) or the combination of GnRHa and rhGH (GnRHa group, n = 28) for at least one year. Eighteen patients in the letrozole group and seventeen patients in the GnRHa group attained final adult height (FAH).

Single-cell RNA-seq analysis reveals microenvironmental infiltration of myeloid cells and pancreatic prognostic markers in PDAC.

Background: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has a heterogeneous make-up of myeloid cells that influences the therapeutic response and prognosis. However, understanding the myeloid cell at both a genetic and cellular level remains a significant challenge.

Methods: Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data were downloaded from t the Tumor Immune Single-cell Hub and gene expression data were retrieved from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database and the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database.

Clinical significance and pro-oncogenic function of DBF4 in clear cell renal cell carcinoma.

Background: Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is the most common malignant urological tumor, and regrettably, and is insensitive to chemotherapy and radiotherapy, resulting in poor patient outcomes. DBF4 plays a critical role in DNA replication and participates in various biological functions, making it an attractive target for cancer treatment. However, its significance in ccRCC has not yet been explored.

Global and Regional Burden of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Attributable to Low Physical Activity From 1990 to 2021.

Aim: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) contributes to the heavy burden, but there lacks latest and comprehensive global research on the burden of T2DM attributable to low physical activity (LPA). This study aimed to quantify the global and regional burden of T2DM attributable to LPA from 1990 to 2021.

Methods: We utilized data including disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), mortality, age-standardized disability-adjusted life years (ASDR), and age-standardized mortality rates (ASMR) from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021.

Prognostic value of the Naples Prognostic Score in adult chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: NHANES 2005-2018.

Background: Previous studies have demonstrated that the Naples Prognostic Score (NPS) provides strategic direction in the prognosis of malignant illness. Nevertheless, its relationship with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) remains underexplored. Therefore, additional research specifically focusing on the relationship between the Naples Prognostic Score and COPD is necessary to determine its widespread applicability.

Effects of Cell-Free Fat Extract and Platelet-Rich Fibrin on Scar Maturation in an Experimental Rabbit Ear Wound Model.

Background: Multiple methods have been used to treat hypertrophic scarring; however, an optimal treatment method remains to be established. We aimed to research and compare the effects of cell-free fat extract (CEFFE) and platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) on hypertrophic scar formation based on histomorphological analysis in this study.

Methods: Twelve rabbits were divided into four groups randomly.

Nomograms for Predicting Overall and Cancer-Specific Survival Among Second Primary Endometrial Cancer in Primary Colorectal Carcinoma Patients.

Background: Endometrial cancer (EC) is one of the most frequent gynecologic cancers, approximately 20% of patients are regarded as high-risk with poor prognosis. However, more details of patients with second primary endometrial cancer (SPEC) after colorectal cancer (CRC) remain poorly understood. We therefore proposed to construct two nomograms to predict 3- and 5-year overall survival (OS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS) rates to facilitate clinical application.

Association Between Triglyceride-Glucose Index and Development of Asthma in US Adolescents: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Purpose: Metabolic abnormalities, such as insulin resistance (IR) and dyslipidemia, have been linked to an increased risk of asthma. The triglyceride-glucose index (TyG), a metric indicating metabolic dysfunction, exhibits correlations with metabolic syndrome and IR. However, little research has been conducted on the relationship between TyG and asthma in the pediatric population.

The impact of setup errors on dose distribution in cervical cancer radiotherapy and the margin from CTV to PTV.

Purpose: This study calculates the needed margin from clinical target volume (CTV) to planning target volume (PTV) in IMRT for cervical cancer. It also assesses the impact of setup errors on target and organ at risk (OAR) dose distribution.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 50 cervical cancer patients who underwent IMRT, with 210 CBCT scans.