Systematic review about etiologic association to the leukoerythroblastic reaction.

Background And Purpose: Leukoerythroblastic reaction (LER) is characterized by the presence of immature erythroid cells and myeloid precursors (metamyelocytes, myelocytes, promyelocytes, myeloblasts, and blasts) as well as, exclusively in myelofibrotic disorders, teardrop cells in the peripheral blood (J Pathol Bacteriol, 42, 1936, 541; Semaine Med, 22, 1902, 373). Research on how to interpret LER and its meaning in clinical practice is scarce, and there is no consensus on the diagnostic criteria. We summarize the current evidence with the aim of clarifying the knowledge on this subject.

Autoimmune diseases and their relation with immunological, neurological and endocrinological axes.

The immune response is complex, multifactorial, individualized and often unpredictable. There are multiple interconnected systems that allow a balance between physiological autoreactive processes and pathological autoimmunity with consequent organ-specific or systemic autoimmune disease. Based on the concept of the autoimmunity mosaic, up to 50% of autoimmune disorders do not have a clear etiological factor.

Possible influence of resistance to malaria in clinical presentation of rheumatoid arthritis: biological significance of natural selection.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a common autoimmune disease that affects all ethnic groups. Genetic factors, mainly HLA alleles, are highly associated with increased risk to develop RA. However, there are few available data about the role of these genetic polymorphisms in the prevalence or severity of RA in the Afrodescendant population, who have evolutionarily and by natural selection developed mutations that allowed them to acquire resistance to infectious diseases like malaria.