Effect of exercise intensity on renal blood flow in patients with chronic kidney disease stage 2.

Background: Acute exercise reduces renal blood flow (RBF). However, the effect of exercise intensity on RBF in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) stage 2 is not known. We investigated the association between RBF and exercise intensity in patients with CKD stage 2 using pulsed Doppler ultrasonography.

Short- and long-term effects of high-fat diet feeding and voluntary exercise on hepatic lipid metabolism in mice.

Exercise is an effective tool for improving high-fat diet induced fat accumulation in the liver. However, the process of fat accumulation in the liver and the efficacy of early intervention with exercise remain unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the short- and long-term effects of high-fat diet feeding and voluntary exercise on hepatic lipid metabolism in mice.

Long-term Body Weight Gain After Maturity is Associated With the Incidence of Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD), Independent of Current Body Weight, in Middle-aged and Older Men.

Background: This study investigated the relationship between long-term body weight gain after maturity and the incidence of chronic kidney disease (CKD).

Methods: The participants were 303 men without a history of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, kidney dysfunction, or dialysis treatment. Their body weight gain after maturity was examined using a standardized self-administered questionnaire.

Total Energy Expenditure, Physical Activity Level, and Water Turnover of Collegiate Dinghy Sailors in a Training Camp.

Prior studies have examined offshore sailing and energy strategies using accurate total energy expenditure (TEE) measurement in free-living conditions. However, no research has studied energy and water requirement during dinghy class sailing such as an Olympic event with concentrated training. This study aimed to investigate the TEE, physical activity level (PAL), and water turnover (rHO) of collegiate dinghy sailors in a training camp using the doubly labeled water (DLW) method.

Total energy expenditure in elite open-water swimmers.

This study aimed to examine the total energy expenditure (TEE) and physical activity level (PAL) of elite open-water swimmers. Our study group included 5 world-class competitive open-water swimmers. TEE was measured using the doubly labeled water method for 1 week.

The effects of rapid weight loss and 3-h recovery on energy expenditure, carbohydrate, and fat oxidation in boxing athletes.

Background: Boxers need to consider energy metabolism during rapid weight loss (RWL) followed by rapid weight regain. We examined the effects of RWL and a 3-h acute weight recovery on energy expenditure, carbohydrate oxidation, and fat oxidation in boxing athletes.

Methods: The analysis was based on the data of seven healthy young male athletes who underwent rapid weight loss followed by acute weight recovery.

Association between exercise intensity and renal blood flow evaluated using ultrasound echo.

Background: High-intensity exercise reduces renal blood flow (RBF) and may transiently exacerbate renal dysfunction. RBF has previously been measured invasively by administration of an indicator material; however, non-invasive measurement is now possible with technological innovations. This study examined variations in RBF at different exercise intensities using ultrasound echo.

Muscle glycogen depletion does not alter segmental extracellular and intracellular water distribution measured using bioimpedance spectroscopy.

Although each gram of glycogen is well known to bind 2.7-4.0 g of water, no studies have been conducted on the effect of muscle glycogen depletion on body water distribution.

The joint impact of habitual exercise and glycemic control on the incidence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in middle-aged and older males.

Background: This retrospective study evaluated the influence of the joint impact of habitual exercise and glycemic control on the incidence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) during a 6-year follow-up period in middle-aged and older males.

Methods: The study population included 303 males without a history of cardiovascular disease, stroke, renal dysfunction, or dialysis treatment. Their lifestyle behaviors regarding exercise and physical activity were evaluated using a standardized self-administered questionnaire.

Effect of sleep curtailment on dietary behavior and physical activity: A randomized crossover trial.

Our objective was to clarify the effect of sleep curtailment on energy intake (EI) and physical activity under free-living conditions. Participants were 16 healthy women aged 21-22years. A randomized crossover trial design was used to compare a short sleep condition (SS): 4h/night (2:00-6:00) and a control sleep condition (CS): 7h/night (23:00-6:00).

Hypertension and hyperglycemia and the combination thereof enhances the incidence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in middle-aged and older males.

Aim: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) may be an etiologic cause of aging, hypertension, diabetes mellitus (DM), and metabolic syndrome. However, the influence of these cardiovascular risk factors and their combination on the development of CKD remains controversial. This retrospective study evaluated the influence of cardiovascular risk factors and their combination on the incidence of CKD during a 6-year follow-up period in middle-aged and older males.

Energy Requirement Assessment and Water Turnover in Japanese College Wrestlers Using the Doubly Labeled Water Method.

Estimated energy requirements (EERs) are important for sports based on body weight classifications to aid in weight management. The basis for establishing EERs varies and includes self-reported energy intake (EI), predicted energy expenditure, and measured daily energy expenditure. Currently, however, no studies have been performed with male wrestlers using the highly accurate and precise doubly labeled water (DLW) method to estimate energy and fluid requirement.

Effect of exercise timing on elevated postprandial glucose levels.

There is no consensus regarding optimal exercise timing for reducing postprandial glucose (PPG). The purpose of the present study was to determine the most effective exercise timing. Eleven participants completed four different exercise patterns ) no exercise; ) preprandial exercise (jogging); ) postprandial exercise; and ) brief periodic exercise intervention (three sets of 1-min jogging + 30 s of rest, every 30 min, 20 times total) in a random order separated by a minimum of 5 days.

The association between changes in lifestyle behaviors and the incidence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in middle-aged and older men.

Background: This study was designed to evaluate whether changes in lifestyle behaviors are correlated with the incidence of chronic kidney disease (CKD).

Methods: The subjects consisted of 316 men without a history of cardiovascular disease, stroke, or renal dysfunction or dialysis treatment. The following lifestyle behaviors were evaluated using a standardized self-administered questionnaire: habitual moderate exercise, daily physical activity, walking speed, eating speed, late-night dinner, bedtime snacking, skipping breakfast, and drinking and smoking habits.

"Slow walking with turns" increases quadriceps and erector spinae muscle activity.

[Purpose] To maintain an independent lifestyle, older adults should improve muscle strength and mass, or aerobic capacity. A new exercise pattern, called slow walking with turns, which incorporates turning as an extra load additional to walking. The purpose of this study was to measure oxygen consumption during exercise and muscle activity while turning.

Timed Up and Go test, atrophy of medial temporal areas and cognitive functions in community-dwelling older adults with normal cognition and mild cognitive impairment.

Aim: This study aimed to ascertain if performance on the Timed Up and Go (TUG) test is associated with indicators of brain volume and cognitive functions among community-dwelling older adults with normal cognition or mild cognitive impairment.

Methods: Participants were 80 community-dwelling older adults aged 65-89years (44 men, 36 women), including 20 with mild cognitive impairment. Participants completed the TUG and a battery of cognitive assessments, including the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), the Logical Memory I and II (LM-I, LM-II) subtests of the Wechsler Memory Scale-Revised; and the Trail Making Test A and B (TMT-A, TMT-B).

Segmental extracellular and intracellular water distribution and muscle glycogen after 72-h carbohydrate loading using spectroscopic techniques.

Body water content increases during carbohydrate loading because 2.7-4-g water binds each 1 g of glycogen. Bioelectrical impedance spectroscopy (BIS) allows separate assessment of extracellular and intracellular water (ECW and ICW, respectively) in the whole body and each body segment.

Slowed response to peripheral visual stimuli during strenuous exercise.

Recently, we proposed that strenuous exercise impairs peripheral visual perception because visual responses to peripheral visual stimuli were slowed during strenuous exercise. However, this proposal was challenged because strenuous exercise is also likely to affect the brain network underlying motor responses. The purpose of the current study was to resolve this issue.

A novel approach for measuring energy expenditure of a single sit-to-stand movement.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to quantify the energy expenditure (EE) of a sit-to-stand (STS) movement using a recently developed method and to examine the relationship between physical characteristics and the physiological demands of STS.

Methods: Nineteen participants completed a multi-stage test at different STS frequencies of 6, 10, 15, 20 and 30 repetitions per minute. The expired gas, heart rate (HR) and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) were measured.

Cognitive function at rest and during exercise following breakfast omission.

It has been suggested that breakfast omission, as opposed to breakfast consumption, has the detrimental effects on cognitive function. However, the effects of acute exercise following breakfast omission on cognitive function are poorly understood, particularly during exercise. The purpose of this study was to examine the interactive effects of breakfast and exercise on cognitive function.

The accumulation of healthy lifestyle behaviors prevents the incidence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in middle-aged and older males.

Aim: This study was retrospectively designed to evaluate the influence of healthy lifestyle behaviors on the incidence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) during a 5-year follow-up period in middle-aged and older males.

Methods: The subjects included 252 males without a history of cardiovascular disease, stroke, renal dysfunction and/or dialysis treatment who were not taking any medications. Their lifestyle behaviors were evaluated using a standardized self-administered questionnaire and defined as follows: (1) habitual moderate exercise, (2) daily physical activity, (3) fast walking speed, (4) slow eating speed, (5) no late-night dinner, (6) no bedtime snacking and (7) no skipping breakfast.

Lower muscle co-contraction in flutter kicking for competitive swimmers.

The purpose of this study was to examine the difference in muscle activation pattern and co-contraction of the rectus and biceps femoris in flutter-kick swimming between competitive and recreational swimmers, to better understand the mechanism of repetitive kicking movements during swimming. Ten competitive and 10 recreational swimmers swam using flutter kicks at three different velocities (100%, 90%, and 80% of their maximal velocity) in a swimming flume. Surface electromyographic signals (EMG) were obtained from the rectus (RF) and biceps femoris (BF), and lower limb kinematic data were obtained at the same time.

The effects of temporal neck cooling on cognitive function during strenuous exercise in a hot environment: a pilot study.

Background: Heat stress potentially has detrimental effects on brain function. Hence, cognitive function may be impaired during physical activity in a hot environment. Skin cooling is often applied in a hot environment to counteract heat stress.

Does moderate hypoxia alter working memory and executive function during prolonged exercise?

It has been suggested that acute exercise improves cognitive function. However, little is known about how exercise under hypoxia affects cognitive function. The purpose of this study was to determine if hypoxia alters working memory and executive function during prolonged exercise.