Effects of high-intensity intermittent exercise versus moderate-intensity continuous exercise on renal hemodynamics assessed by ultrasound echo.

High-intensity intermittent exercise (HIIE) has become attractive for presenting a variety of exercise conditions. However, the effects of HIIE on renal function and hemodynamics remain unclear. This study aimed to compare the effects of HIIE and moderate-intensity continuous exercise (MICE) on renal hemodynamics, renal function, and kidney injury biomarkers.

The neuronal nitric oxide synthase expression increases during satellite cell-derived primary myoblasts differentiation.

The neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS; encoded by NOS1)-derived nitric oxide (NO) plays an important role in maintaining skeletal muscle mass. In adult skeletal muscle, nNOS localizes to the cell membrane, cytosol, and nucleus, and regulates muscle hypertrophy and atrophy in various subcellular fractions. However, its role in muscle stem cells (also known as muscle satellite cells), which provide myonuclei for postnatal muscle growth, maintenance, and regeneration, remains unclear.

Delayed Eating Schedule Raises Mean Glucose Levels in Young Adult Males: a Randomized Controlled Cross-Over Trial.

Background: Misalignment of meals to the biological clock may cause adverse effects on glucose metabolism. However, the effects of repeated different eating schedules (early compared with late) on glucose concentration throughout the day are poorly understood.

Objectives: We examined the effects of different eating schedules on the 24-h glucose response using a continuous glucose monitor (CGM).

Behavioral defects and downregulation of hippocampal BDNF and nNOS expression in db/db mice did not improved by chronic TGF-β2 treatment.

Epidemiological evidence suggests that there is a link between diabetes and mood disorders, such as depression and anxiety. Although peripheral or central inflammation may explain this link, the molecular mechanisms are not fully understood and few effective treatments for diabetes or mood disorders are available. In the present study, we aimed to determine whether transforming growth factor (TGF)-β2, an anti-inflammatory substance, might represent a potential therapeutic agent for diabetes-related mood behaviors.

The moderate-intensity continuous exercise maintains renal blood flow and does not impair the renal function.

Exercise is restricted for individuals with reduced renal function because exercising reduces blood flow to the kidneys. Safe and effective exercise programs for individuals with reduced renal function have not yet been developed. We previously examined the relationship between exercise intensity and renal blood flow (RBF), revealing that moderate-intensity exercise did not reduce RBF.

Intermittent Exercise at Lactate Threshold Induces Lower Acute Stress than Its Continuous Counterpart in Middle-to-Older Aged Men.

This study aimed to compare the degree of exhaustion and trophic effects between continuous exercise (CE) and intermittent exercise (IE) at lactate threshold (LT) intensity. Seven healthy men (age: 43-69 years) performed the following three experimental tests in a randomized crossover order: (1) control; (2) CE, performed as a 20-min of cycling at LT intensity; and (3) IE, performed as 20 sets of a one-min bout of cycling at LT intensity with a 30-s rest between every two sets. Heart rate (HR), blood lactate concentration (LA), rating of perceived exertion (RPE), catecholamines, cortisol, growth hormone, insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) were measured.

Olfaction, ability to identify particular olfactory clusters and odors, and physical performance in community-dwelling older adults: The Yanai Study.

Background: Olfactory dysfunction is associated with poor physical performance in older adults. However, it remains unknown whether the ability to identify particular olfactory clusters and/or odors is associated with physical performance in physically independent community-dwelling older adults.

Methods: This cross-sectional study included 130 community-dwelling older adults (70.

Short-term running exercise alters DNA methylation patterns in neuronal nitric oxide synthase and brain-derived neurotrophic factor genes in the mouse hippocampus and reduces anxiety-like behaviors.

Running exercise has beneficial effects on brain health. However, the effects of relatively short-term running exercise (STEx) on behavior, and its underlying signaling pathways, are poorly understood. In this study, we evaluated the possibility that the regulation by STEx of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS, encoded by NOS1), which are important molecules for anxiety regulation, might involve mechanisms of epigenetic modification, such as DNA methylation.

Association between the inability to identify particular odors and physical performance, cognitive function, and/or brain atrophy in community-dwelling older adults from the Fukuoka Island City study.

Background: Olfactory dysfunction is associated with severe brain atrophy and cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease. However, it remains unknown whether an inability to identify particular odors is associated with physical performance, cognitive function, and/or brain atrophy in community-dwelling older adults.

Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 44 community-dwelling older adults were included (14 males, 30 females; mean age: 72.

The Association between Decreased Kidney Function and FIB-4 Index Value, as Indirect Liver Fibrosis Indicator, in Middle-Aged and Older Subjects.

Liver fibrosis might be linked to the prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, there is little information about the association between liver fibrosis and decreased kidney function in middle-aged and older subjects. We aimed to evaluate the influence of liver fibrosis on the incidence or prevalence of CKD stage 3-5 in a retrospective cross-sectional study (Study 1, = 806) and a 6-year longitudinal study (Study 2, = 380) of middle-aged and older subjects.

The effects of breaking sedentary time with different intensity exercise bouts on energy metabolism: A randomized cross-over controlled trial.

Background And Aims: Breaking up sedentary periods, particularly with light activity, increases total energy expenditure (EE), and helps provide better glycemic control. However, the effects of activities of various intensities to interrupt prolonged sedentary time are unclear. The purpose of the present study was to examine potential differences in glycemic control and EE from breaking up sedentary time with short exercise bouts of different intensities.

Validity of Bioimpedance Spectroscopy in the Assessment of Total Body Water and Body Composition in Wrestlers and Untrained Subjects.

Bioimpedance spectroscopy (BIS) is an easy tool to assess hydration status and body composition. However, its validity in athletes remains controversial. We investigated the validity of BIS on total body water (TBW) and body composition estimation in Japanese wrestlers and untrained subjects.

[Physical parameters and physical function in older drivers with driving-related anxiety: the Nakagawa Study].

Aim: This study investigated whether driving-related anxiety was independently associated with physical parameters and physical function in community-dwelling older people.

Methods: Participants were 523 community-dwelling older drivers (353 men and 170 women). Participants self-reported driving-related anxiety when driving in familiar environments, and completed physical assessments: visual impairment, auditory impairment, cerebrovascular disease (CVD), hand grip strength, knee extension strength, timed up and go (TUG), chair stand, one leg standing with open eyes, functional reach, vertical jump, preferred gait speed and maximal gait speed.

Effects of inosine monophosphate and exercise training on neuronal nitric oxide synthase in the mouse brain.

Recently, the purine nucleoside inosine has been demonstrated to have several neuroprotective effects. Similarly, exercise training has well-known beneficial effects on mental health and cognitive function. Neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) is a key neuronal messenger in several brain regions, and the downregulation of nNOS has been shown to improve brain function.

Acute bout of exercise downregulates thioredoxin-interacting protein expression in rat contracting skeletal muscles.

We previously reported that in rat skeletal muscle, disuse (i.e., decreased muscle contractile activity) rapidly increases thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP), which is implicated in the reduced glucose uptake.

Total Energy Expenditure, Body Composition, Physical Activity, and Step Count in Japanese Preschool Children: A Study Based on Doubly Labeled Water.

Adequate energy intake is essential for the healthy development of children, and the estimated energy requirement of children is determined by total daily energy expenditure (TDEE) and energy deposition for growth. A previous study in Japanese tweens indicated that TDEE could be estimated by fat-free mass (FFM) and step count. The aims of this study were to measure TDEE in Japanese preschool children and to confirm whether TDEE can be estimated by FFM and step count in preschool children.

Effects of pain neuroscience education in hospitalized patients with high tibial osteotomy: a quasi-experimental study using propensity score matching.

Background: Pain neuroscience education (PNE) has been shown to reduce pain or psychological symptoms in patients with chronic pain and preoperative knee osteoarthritis; however, the evidence of its effectiveness in hospitalized patients who have undergone high tibial osteotomy (HTO) is unknown. This study was performed to determine whether the implementation of a newly developed hospital-time PNE provided by physical therapists to patients after HTO can result in meaningful improvements.

Methods: In total, 119 patients aged ≥45 years with knee osteoarthritis who were scheduled to undergo HTO were analyzed.

One week, but not 12 hours, of cast immobilization alters promotor DNA methylation patterns in the nNOS gene in mouse skeletal muscle.

Key Points: DNA methylation may play an important role in regulating gene expression in skeletal muscle to adapt to physical activity and inactivity. Neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) in skeletal muscle is a key regulator of skeletal muscle mass; however, it is unclear whether nNOS expression is regulated by DNA methylation. We found that 1 week of cast immobilization increased nNOS DNA methylation levels and downregulated nNOS gene expression in atrophic slow-twitch soleus muscle from the mouse leg.

Effect of regional muscle damage and inflammation following eccentric exercise on electrical resistance and the body composition assessment using bioimpedance spectroscopy.

We investigated the effect of muscle damage and inflammation on electrical resistance and the body composition assessment by using bioimpedance spectroscopy (BIS). Twenty-two subjects completed 30 repetitions of maximal eccentric contractions of the elbow flexors with one arm. Whole-body resistance of extracellular and intracellular components (R and R, respectively) on the exercised and non-exercised sides were measured using BIS.

Energy Expenditure of a Single Sit-to-Stand Movement with Slow Versus Normal Speed Using the Different Frequency Accumulation Method.

The purpose of this study was to compare the energy expenditures (EE) of a single sit-to-stand (STS) movements with slow and normal speeds using a multi-stage exercise test. Twelve young males, aged 21⁻27 years (age, 23.0 ± 1.