Prognostic Analysis of Pathological Stage I Lung Adenocarcinoma Harboring Major EGFR Mutations.

Background: While Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation-positive lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) has favorable outcomes with targeted therapy, early-stage prognosis remains influenced by pathological factors and central nervous system (CNS) recurrence. The study aimed to clarify prognostic factors in pathological stage (pStage) I EGFR mutation-positive LUAD.

Methods: Between 2015 and 2018, 2,191 pStage I LUAD cases with known EGFR status (excluding EGFR testing after recurrence) who received anatomical resection were included from multiple institutions in Japan.

Hydrogel coils in intracranial aneurysm treatment: a multicenter, prospective, randomized open-label trial.

Objective: Studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of hydrogel-coated coils (HGCs) to achieve the composite endpoint of decreased recanalization rates and greater safety. Herein, the authors aimed to assess the true ability of second-generation HGCs to prevent recanalization.

Methods: This randomized controlled study, the HYBRID (Hydrocoil Versus Bare Platinum Coil in Recanalization Imaging Data) trial, comparing HGCs with bare platinum coils (BPCs), was conducted in 43 Japanese institutions.

Artificial Intelligence-Powered Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 and Tumor Microenvironment Analysis in Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2-Amplified Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: Exploratory Analysis of Phase II TRIUMPH Trial.

Purpose: Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-targeted therapies have shown promise in treating -amplified metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). Identifying optimal biomarkers for treatment decisions remains challenging. This study explores the potential of artificial intelligence (AI) in predicting treatment responses to trastuzumab plus pertuzumab (TP) in patients with -amplified mCRC from the phase II TRIUMPH trial.

Usefulness and safety of remimazolam in upper gastrointestinal endoscopy: A comparative study between elderly and non-elderly patients.

Objectives: In gastroenterology, sedation demand is increasing, although elderly patients are more prone to experiencing adverse events. Remimazolam, a novel ultra-short-acting benzodiazepine, may reduce recovery time after endoscopic procedures.

Methods: This study was a secondary analysis of the investigator-initiated trial, which investigated the efficacy and safety of remimazolam in gastrointestinal endoscopy (REM-IICT JP01).

A nosographic and etiopathogenetic framework for subchondral bone marrow lesions in the knee: A narrative review.

Purpose: Subchondral bone marrow lesions (BMLs) are present in a wide range of pathologies with different prognoses. Thus, a careful diagnosis is mandatory to address them with the proper treatment. The aim of this review was to examine BMLs aetiology and their relationship with biomechanical and biological factors, to identify BMLs and help clinicians to properly recognize and treat each of these common alterations.

Efficacy of anifrolumab on systemic lupus erythematosus patients with serological manifestations: A post hoc analysis of the Japan subgroup of the TULIP-2 Trial.

Objectives: To describe the efficacy of anifrolumab vs. placebo in Japanese systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients with low complement (C3 or C4) and/or who are positive for anti-double stranded DNA (anti-dsDNA) antibodies.

Methods: This was a descriptive post hoc analysis of Japanese SLE patients with serological manifestations in the TULIP-2 trial who received either anifrolumab or placebo.

Characteristics of patients with polymyalgia rheumatica based on glucocorticoid dose in Japan: A cohort study using routinely collected health data.

Objectives: This study aimed to describe the characteristics, inflammatory markers as surrogates for disease activity, and treatment of patients with polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) in Japan.

Methods: This cohort study analysed the data of 373 patients with PMR retrieved from an electronic medical records database in Japan. Patients were classified into quartiles, based on the daily glucocorticoid dose over the initial 90 days of treatment (Q1-Q4).

Psychological burden and its correlates in patients with chronic plaque psoriasis attending three tertiary care centers in Sri Lanka.

Psoriasis is associated with psychological distress among the affected due to unsightly skin lesions, chronicity and the cultural and social stigma linked with the disease. The pathophysiological link between psoriasis and depression creates a vicious cycle in the skin and brain axis. This study evaluates the psychological comorbidity of patients with chronic plaque psoriasis (CPP).

Modified Lateral Surgical Approach to the Pterygopalatine Fossa for Safe Preservation of the Peripheral Branch of the Marginal Mandibular Nerve.

In cases where oral cancer spreads toward the maxillary tubercle, surgery may extend to the pterygopalatine fossa. There are 2 main extraoral approaches: anterior and lateral. Previously, we introduced a modified lateral approach with a mouth corner incision from the lower lip, that preserves the mental and marginal mandibular nerves.

Phospholipid Profiles in Mushrooms: A Review of Extraction, Analysis, and Functional Applications.

Mushrooms are widely recognized for their rich nutritional profile and diverse array of bioactive compounds, including proteins, polysaccharides, and secondary metabolites, which contribute to various health benefits. Among these compounds, phospholipids stand out due to their essential role in cellular processes and their potential applications in food, nutraceuticals, and pharmaceuticals. This review comprehensively examines the phospholipid composition in mushrooms, highlighting the methods of analysis, and delving into their functional applications.

Paediatric Locked Middle Finger due to Synovial Osteochondromatosis: A Case Report.

Synovial osteochondromatosis is a relatively rare condition of the hand. We present a rare case of a locked finger in a paediatric patient with synovial osteochondromatosis, in which a tumourous lesion was continuous with the flexor tendon and trapped proximal to the A1 pulley. After resection of the tumour and synovium, no recurrence was observed over a 6-month follow-up period.

A Protein Cleavage Platform Based on Selective Formylation at Cysteine Residues.

Site-selective cleavage of the peptide backbone in proteins is an important class of post-translational modification (PTM) in nature. However, the organic chemistry for such site-selective peptide bond cleavages has yet to be fully explored. Herein, we report cysteine -formylation as a means of selective protein backbone cleavage.

Factors affecting 1-year persistence with vedolizumab for ulcerative colitis: a multicenter, retrospective real-world study.

Background/aims: The objectives of this real-world study were to determine 1-year persistence with vedolizumab in patients with ulcerative colitis and to evaluate factors contributing to loss of response.

Methods: In this multicenter, retrospective, observational chart review, patients with moderately to severely active ulcerative colitis who received ≥ 1 dose of vedolizumab in clinical practice at 16 tertiary hospitals in Japan (from December 2018 through February 2020) were enrolled.

Results: Persistence with vedolizumab was 64.

Oral configuration-dependent variability of the metrics of exhaled respiratory droplets during a consecutive coughing event.

Background And Objective: Coughing events are eruptive sources of virus-laden droplets/droplet nuclei. These increase the risk of infection in susceptible individuals during airborne transmission. The oral cavity functions as an exit route for exhaled droplets.

Characteristics of suitable cases for treatment with nemolizumab based on clinical findings and cutaneous adverse events.

Nemolizumab is an effective treatment for pruritus in atopic dermatitis, but it has a relatively high incidence of cutaneous adverse events (cAEs). To optimize the use of nemolizumab, we investigated the relationship between baseline severity in specific body areas and the frequency of cAEs. Our findings revealed that cases who discontinued treatment with nemolizumab had more severe erythema and edema/papulation on the trunk than those who continued nemolizumab.

High-density mapping in catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation in Asia Pacific region: An observational study.

Background: Few clinical studies of atrial fibrillation (AF) have focused on Asian patients; data are lacking on current mapping and ablation strategies in the Asia Pacific region (APAC).

Objective: The HD Mapping Observational Study (NCT04022954) was designed to characterize electroanatomic mapping (EAM) with market-released high-density mapping (HDM) catheters in subjects with AF in APAC.

Methods: Subjects undergoing HDM and indicated for radiofrequency ablation (RFA) to treat AF were prospectively enrolled in APAC.

Emerging Trends and Future Opportunities for Battery Recycling.

The global lithium-ion battery recycling capacity needs to increase by a factor of 50 in the next decade to meet the projected adoption of electric vehicles. During this expansion of recycling capacity, it is unclear which technologies are most appropriate to reduce costs and environmental impacts. Here, we describe the current and future recycling capacity situation and summarize methods for quantifying costs and environmental impacts of battery recycling methods with a focus on cathode active materials.

Preoperative CT lymph node size as a predictor of nodal metastasis in resectable Colon cancer: a retrospective study of 694 patients.

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of measuring lymph node size on preoperative CT imaging to predict pathological lymph node metastasis in patients with colon cancer to enhance diagnostic accuracy and improve treatment planning by establishing more reliable assessment methods for lymph node metastasis.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 1,056 patients who underwent colorectal resection at our institution between January 2004 and March 2020. From this cohort, 694 patients with resectable colon cancer were included in the study.

Recent trends in scientific research in chest radiology: What to do or not to do? That is the critical question in research.

Hereby inviting young rising stars in chest radiology in Japan for contributing what they are working currently, we would like to show the potentials and directions of the near future research trends in the research field. I will provide a reflection on my own research topics. At the end, we also would like to discuss on how to choose the themes and topics of research: What to do or not to do? We strongly believe it will stimulate and help investigators in the field.

Anticancer effect of the antirheumatic drug leflunomide on oral squamous cell carcinoma by the inhibition of tumor angiogenesis.

Objectives: Leflunomide (LEF) is a conventional synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drug and suppresses T-cell proliferation and activity by inhibiting pyrimidine synthesis using dihydroorotase dehydrogenase (DHODH); however, several studies have demonstrated that LEF possesses anticancer and antiangiogenic effects in some malignant tumors. Therefore, we investigated the anticancer and antiangiogenic effects of LEF on oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC).

Methods: To evaluate the inhibitory effect of LEF on OSCC, cell proliferation and wound-healing assays using human OSCC cell lines were performed.

Heart failure treatment and serum carnitines in HFpEF and HFrEF with or without hypertension - a pilot study.

The ratio of serum acylcarnitines to free carnitines (AC/FC) reflects impaired cardiomyocyte β-oxidization. The effect of heart failure (HF) treatment on AC/FC remained unclear. This pilot study retrospectively examined treatment-induced AC/FC changes in patients with HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) and HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) in 148 consecutive inpatients undergoing echocardiography and carnitine measurement at admission and discharge.

Quantitative Lipidomics of Biological Samples Using Supercritical Fluid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry.

Lipidomics has attracted attention in the discovery of unknown biomolecules and for capturing the changes in metabolism caused by genetic and environmental factors in an unbiased manner. However, obtaining reliable lipidomics data, including structural diversity and quantification data, is still challenging. Supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) is a suitable technique for separating lipid molecules with high throughput and separation efficiency.

Quality of Life in Adults with Atopic Dermatitis in Relation to Disease Severity: Nationwide Data in Japan.

Introduction: The impact of atopic dermatitis (AD) on daily life and different levels of quality of life (QOL) according to AD severity has not been fully elucidated. This study aimed to assess QOL in relation to the AD severity in Japan.

Methods: This observational study used anonymized data of health insurance association members and their families registered to a mobile health app.

Significance of Tumor Microvasculature in the Tumor Microenvironment in Adenocarcinoma with EGFR Common Mutations.

Background: Tumor microvasculature is an important component of the tumor microenvironment (TME), and it has been reported that tumor microvasculature induces TME to become immunosuppressive via vascular endothelial growth factor. However, the significance of this in adenocarcinoma with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) common mutations has not been fully investigated.

Methods: We analyzed 262 patients with adenocarcinoma harboring EGFR common mutations who underwent surgery at Kyushu University Hospital between 2006 and 2021.