A Novel Kidney Failure Prediction Model in Individuals with CKD: Impact of Serum Bilirubin Levels.

Context: Predicting the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD) to end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) is crucial for improving patient outcomes.

Objective: To reveal the highly predictive activity of serum bilirubin levels for the progression of CKD to ESKD, and to develop and validate a novel ESKD prediction model incorporating serum bilirubin levels.

Methods: We assessed the relative importance of 20 candidate predictors for ESKD, including serum bilirubin levels, in a CKD cohort (15< eGFR <60 mL/min/1.

The Early Pathogenesis of Diabetic Retinopathy and Its Attenuation by Sodium-Glucose Transporter 2 Inhibitors.

The early pathogenetic mechanism of diabetic retinopathy (DR) and its treatment remain unclear. Therefore, we used streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice to investigate the early pathogenic alterations in DR and the protective effect of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors against these alterations. Retinal vascular leakage was assessed by dextran fluorescence angiography.

Relationship between serum indirect bilirubin levels and skeletal muscle mass in older male and female patients with type 2 diabetes.

Objective: We previously showed that low serum bilirubin levels are associated with disability in quality of daily living in older patients with diabetes. However, the underlying mechanism is not fully understood. The aim of this study is to assess the relationship between serum bilirubin levels and skeletal muscle mass in older patients with type2 diabetes.

A simplified prediction model for end-stage kidney disease in patients with diabetes.

This study aimed to develop a simplified model for predicting end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) in patients with diabetes. The cohort included 2549 individuals who were followed up at Kyushu University Hospital (Japan) between January 1, 2008 and December 31, 2018. The outcome was a composite of ESKD, defined as an eGFR < 15 mL min [1.

Association of serum total bilirubin levels with progressive renal decline and end-stage kidney disease: 10-year observational cohort study in Japanese patients with diabetes.

Objective: Previous reports have demonstrated the association of serum bilirubin levels with the progression of diabetic nephropathy. The objective of this study is to assess the association of basal bilirubin levels with progressive renal decline (PRD) and end-stage kidney disease (ESKD).

Methods: A total of 298 patients with diabetes who visited Kyushu University Hospital (Japan) were recruited and followed up for 10 years.

Association of serum bilirubin levels with risk of cancer development and total death.

Serum levels of bilirubin, a strong antioxidant, may influence cancer risk. We aimed to assess the association between serum bilirubin levels and cancer risk. Data were retrieved from 10-year electronic medical records at Kyushu University Hospital (Japan) for patients aged 20 to 69 years old.

Bilirubin is inversely related to diabetic peripheral neuropathy assessed by sural nerve conduction study.

Aims/introduction: Diagnosis of diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) depends on subjective findings, certain investigations for DPN risks have not been performed enough. Bilirubin protects against vascular complications by reducing oxidative stress in diabetes, but is not fully tested for DPN. This study aimed to evaluate sural nerve conduction impairments (SNCI) as an objective DPN marker and the contribution of bilirubin to SNCI.

Relationship between serum bilirubin levels, urinary biopyrrin levels, and retinopathy in patients with diabetes.

Objective: Previous reports have indicated that serum bilirubin levels may be associated with diabetic retinopathy. However, the detailed mechanism is not fully understood. In this study, we evaluated the relationship between the severity of diabetic retinopathy and various factors including bilirubin levels and factors influencing bilirubin metabolism.

Low dose of sodium-glucose transporter 2 inhibitor ipragliflozin attenuated renal dysfunction and interstitial fibrosis in adenine-induced chronic kidney disease in mice without diabetes.

Background: Sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor, a new class of glucose lowering agents, has been shown to be reno-protective in diabetes.

Objective: We aimed to explore whether SGLT2 inhibitor ipragliflozin has a direct reno-protective effect on non-diabetic chronic kidney disease (CKD) in mice.

Methods: CKD mice was induced by feeding of 0.

Aberrant activation of bone marrow Ly6C high monocytes in diabetic mice contributes to impaired glucose tolerance.

Accumulating evidence indicates that diabetes and obesity are associated with chronic low-grade inflammation and multiple organ failure. Tissue-infiltrated inflammatory M1 macrophages are aberrantly activated in these conditions and contribute to hyperglycemia and insulin resistance. However, it is unclear at which stage these cells become aberrantly activated: as precursor monocytes in the bone marrow or as differentiated macrophages in tissues.

Clinical usefulness of human serum nonmercaptalbumin to mercaptalbumin ratio as a biomarker for diabetic complications and disability in activities of daily living in elderly patients with diabetes.

Background: Oxidative stress may play an important role in the development of diabetic complications. The ratio of human nonmercaptalbumin (HNA; oxidized form) to human mercaptalbumin (HMA; reduced form) has attracted attention as an indicator for systemic redox states. In this study, we measured the ratio in elderly patients with diabetes and evaluated its association with diabetic complications and disability in activities of daily living (ADL disability).

Bilirubin reduces visceral obesity and insulin resistance by suppression of inflammatory cytokines.

Objective: Although previous studies have reported a negative relationship between serum bilirubin concentration and the development of diabetes mellitus (DM), the relationship between bilirubin and insulin resistance has not been thoroughly assessed. This study was designed to determine the relationships between bilirubin, body fat distribution, and adipose tissue inflammation in patients with type 2 DM and the effect of bilirubin in an obese animal model.

Method: Body fat distribution was measured using an abdominal dual bioelectrical impedance analyzer in patients with type 2 DM.

Dynamic nuclear polarization magnetic resonance imaging and the oxygen-sensitive paramagnetic agent OX63 provide a noninvasive quantitative evaluation of kidney hypoxia in diabetic mice.

Renal hypoxia may play an important role in the progression of diabetic nephropathy. However, tools that noninvasively and quantitatively measure oxygen tension in the kidney are lacking. Here, we evaluated the feasibility of a noninvasive and quantitative imaging technique using dynamic nuclear polarization magnetic resonance imaging (DNP-MRI) in combination with the oxygen-sensitive paramagnetic agent OX63 for measuring oxygen tension in the kidney.

Serum bilirubin level is a strong predictor for disability in activities in daily living (ADL) in Japanese elderly patients with diabetes.

Elderly patients with diabetes are at increased risk of frailty and disability in activities of daily living (ADL). Recent evidence has shown that oxidative stress is associated with these conditions. In this cross-sectional study, we aimed to assess whether serum level of bilirubin, a strong endogenous antioxidant, can predict ADL disability in elderly patients with diabetes.

Amelioration of diabetic nephropathy by SGLT2 inhibitors independent of its glucose-lowering effect: A possible role of SGLT2 in mesangial cells.

Several clinical studies have shown the beneficial effects of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors on diabetic nephropathy. The underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. We found that administration of canagliflozin at a low dose (0.