Renal anemia and hyporesponsiveness to ESA for preservation of residual kidney function in patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis.

Preservation of residual kidney function (RKF) is important in patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis (PD). We aimed to examine the association between anemia management and residual urine output using data from a nationwide survey of dialysis patients. After excluding patients with anuria at baseline from the Total cohort of 2,712, 659 of 1,640 patients developed anuria during a median follow-up of 2.

High-Degree Posterior Rotational Osteotomy Provides Post-operative Stability Superior to Anterior Rotational Osteotomy for Non-traumatic Osteonecrosis of the Femoral Head: Evaluation Using Computed Tomography.

Introduction This study evaluated hip joint dynamic instability in patients with non-traumatic osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) with extensive lesions, who had undergone anterior rotational osteotomy (ARO) and high-degree posterior rotational osteotomy (HDPRO), based on the femoral head translation observed by computed tomography (CT) at 0° and 45° hip flexion. Materials and methods Medical records of patients who had undergone transtrochanteric rotational osteotomy for non-traumatic ONFH were retrospectively reviewed to identify patients who had undergone CT examinations six weeks post-operatively. In all, 64 hips (60 patients; 19 men and 41 women), comprising 36 hips treated with HDPRO and 28 hips treated with ARO, respectively, were included.

Novel Frostbite Cooling Device for Real-time Assessment and Prevention of Chemotherapy-induced Peripheral Neuropathy.

Background: Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) affects 29%-68% of patients undergoing anticancer treatments within the first month. Traditional cryotherapy methods, such as frozen gloves, can pose risks. This study evaluates the cool-water electric circulation seat (CECS), which maintains a constant 15°C, as a safer alternative.

Is systolic blood pressure an early marker of concentric left ventricular geometry in young rugby athletes as a potential cardiac maladaptation?

Background: Long-term exercise training induces various morphological adaptations in the heart. Although concentric left ventricular (LV) geometry is occasionally observed in young athletes, its clinical significance is unclear. This study aimed to investigate the characteristics of young rugby athletes with concentric LV geometry and considered its clinical implications.

Association between the gene polymorphism-determined earwax properties and external auditory canal microbiota in healthy adults.

Unlabelled: The concept of genome-microbiome interactions, in which the microenvironment determined by host genetic polymorphisms regulates the local microbiota, is important in the pathogenesis of human disease. In otolaryngology, the resident bacterial microbiota is reportedly altered in non-infectious ear diseases, such as otitis media pearls and exudative otitis media. We hypothesized that a single-nucleotide polymorphism in the ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 11 () gene, which determines earwax properties, regulates the ear canal microbiota.

Renoprotective effects of coenzyme Q10 supplementation in patients with chronic kidney disease: a protocol for a systematic review.

Introduction: Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is a fat-soluble vitamin-like quinone. The plasma levels of CoQ10 are reduced in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). CoQ10 supplementation can improve mitochondrial function and decrease oxidative stress in these patients.

A Case Report on an Unknown Etiology Disorder of Consciousness Following Extubation Despite Thorough Evaluation.

Postoperative disorders of consciousness can arise from various factors, making diagnosis challenging. This report presents a case of a disorder of consciousness that occurred after awakening from general anesthesia, in which various examinations including computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were conducted, but the cause could not be identified. A man in his 60s with a history of hypertension and cerebral hemorrhage underwent revision total hip arthroplasty under general anesthesia for a left periprosthetic hip fracture.

Clinical evaluation and outcome in heart failure patients receiving chemotherapy with different anti-cancer agents.

Background: The optimal strategy for modern chemotherapy should be based on a comprehensive approach for cancer patients with cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, cardio-oncology has received increasing attention owing to the cardiotoxic effects of anti-cancer therapies.

Objectives: We aimed to evaluate the clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients with heart failure (HF) who received chemotherapy compared with those of a matched cohort with HF who did not receive chemotherapy, using real-world HF data.

Outcomes of endoscopic ultrasound-guided transmural drainage for postoperative peripancreatic fluid collection with an external drainage-based approach.

Background: Endoscopic ultrasound-guided transmural drainage (EUS-TD) is widely performed to treat postoperative peripancreatic fluid collection (POPFC). Recent reports on EUS-TD lack a consensus on stent selection. This study aimed to assess the efficacy of EUS-TD for POPFC using an external drainage-based approach.

Current Status of Sequential Treatment for Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer: A Retrospective Analysis.

Background/aim: Although multiple treatments are available for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer, data to determine the optimal treatment sequence are limited. This study aimed to investigate the current status of drug therapy for castration-resistant prostate cancer and clarify the sequential treatment in actual clinical practice.

Patients And Methods: This retrospective study included 425 patients diagnosed with castration-resistant prostate cancer at Showa University Hospital and affiliated hospitals between January 2014 and December 2021, who were treated with any of the following four drugs: novel androgen receptor signal inhibitors (abiraterone acetate and enzalutamide) and anticancer drugs (docetaxel and cabazitaxel).

Use of Direct Oral Anticoagulation for Isolated Distal Deep Vein Thrombosis in Japanese Orthopedic Patients.

Although direct oral anticoagulants (DOAC) have become widely used, little is known about the efficacy of DOAC for isolated distal deep vein thrombosis (DVT). In-hospitalized orthopedic patients with isolated distal DVT who were diagnosed from 2016 to 2018 were enrolled and were followed for 1 year. Embolic events included symptomatic pulmonary embolism (PE) and DVT extension above the knee.

Variations in serum concentrations of sunitinib and its metabolites in patients receiving long-term sunitinib treatment.

Purpose: The blood concentrations of some tyrosine kinase inhibitors are known to decrease with long-term administration. We evaluated the variability in the serum concentrations of sunitinib and its metabolites in patients receiving long-term sunitinib treatment.

Methods: This study prospectively recruited patients who received sunitinib for metastatic renal cell carcinoma at the Showa University Hospital between March 2020 and January 2022.

Oral administration of Bifidobacterium longum and Bifidobacterium infantis ameliorates cefcapene pivoxil-induced attenuation of anti-programmed cell death protein-1 antibody action in mice.

Gut bacteria play pivotal roles in the antitumor effects of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). However, antimicrobial therapy, often necessary for infections in cancer patients, can reduce the efficacy of ICIs. The potential of probiotics to restore ICI efficacy remains uncertain.

Primary classical seminoma of the testis with rhabdoid differentiation.

Rhabdoid differentiation is an indicator of poor prognosis that is often seen in renal cell carcinoma; however, it is also rarely seen in non-renal tumours. Therefore, pathologists should carefully review this finding and report. This report describes the first case of a seminoma of testicular origin that developed rhabdoid differentiation.

Changes in Clinical Features and Severity of COVID-19 with the Emergence of Omicron Variants: A Shift Towards a Common Disease.

Background: The emergence of the Omicron variant of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 has significantly altered the clinical features and severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).

Objective: This study aims to evaluate whether the clinical factors that previously predicted COVID-19 remain valid following the emergence of the Omicron variant.

Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital from April 2022 to March 2023.

A morphology of the distal medial femoral surface that should be considered when performing coronal osteotomy in medial closed wedge distal femoral varus osteotomy.

Aims: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the morphology of the distal medial femoral surface during coronal osteotomy in medial closed wedge distal femoral varus osteotomy (MCWDFO) using plain CT.

Methods: Twenty knees (mean age, 55.3 years) were included.

Successful management of immunotherapy-resistant respiratory failure in anti-mitochondrial M2 antibody-positive myositis by modified lung volume recruitment therapy: A case report.

Rationale: Anti-mitochondrial antibodies (AMA) M2-positive myositis can lead to severe respiratory failure. Traditional immunotherapies sometimes fail to address respiratory failure. Herein, this CARE-compliant case report described a patient with AMA-M2-positive myositis who recovered from ventilation with tracheostomy owing to immunotherapy-resistant respiratory failure to spontaneous breathing after modified lung volume recruitment (mLVR) therapy.

Electroacupuncture Inhibits Cartilage Degeneration in a Rat Knee Osteoarthritis (KOA) Model by Suppressing ADAMTS5 Expression.

Background Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is characterized by cartilage degradation, osteophyte formation, and synovitis. Cartilage degradation in KOA begins with the loss of aggrecan, primarily due to A Disintegrin and Metalloproteinase with Thrombospondin Motif 5 (ADAMTS5), which is produced by chondrocytes and synovial cells and a key target for therapeutic intervention. Current treatments for KOA primarily focus on pain relief, as disease-modifying osteoarthritis drugs (DMOADs) remain unavailable.

Efficiency of gene therapy for sensorineural hearing loss in mouse model: A meta-analysis.

Objectives: Sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) is a disorder characterized by the loss or impairment of cochlear hair cells or the auditory nerve. In recent years, gene therapy has emerged as a promising approach for SNHL treatment. The objective of this study is to evaluate the impact of gene therapy on the restoration or improvement of auditory function in mouse model with loss or impairment of hearing.

Prevalence of Urinary Incontinence and Its Association With Neurodevelopmental Disorders Among Children in Japan.

Aim: To investigate urinary incontinence prevalence and its association with neurodevelopmental disorders among children in Japan.

Methods: A web-based survey was conducted on children aged 5-15 years in Japan. Information on daytime and nocturnal incontinence and neurodevelopmental disorders, such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, autism spectrum disorder, and intellectual disability, was collected.

Repeated pancreatic juice cytology via endoscopic nasopancreatic drainage catheter combined with clinical findings improves diagnostic ability for malignant cases of suspected pancreatic cancer with non-identifiable tumors.

Background/objectives: The detection of pancreatic cancer (PC) often depends on indirect indicators such as parenchyma atrophy (PPA), main pancreatic duct stenosis, and low echoic areas, particularly when no mass is evident on imaging. While pathological evaluation is the gold standard for differentiating malignant from benign conditions, endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration/biopsy is not always feasible in such cases. Serial pancreatic juice aspiration cytologic examination (SPACE) via endoscopic nasopancreatic drainage (NPD) has emerged as an alternative diagnostic method, though its accuracy remains underevaluated.

Indications for treatment of incidental obturator hernia encountered during transabdominal preperitoneal repair (TAPP).

Purpose: To clarify indications for treating incidental obturator hernia (IOH) detected during laparoscopic groin hernia repair by comparing features of IOH with obturator hernia (OH) complicated by incarceration.

Methods: Twenty patients who underwent laparoscopic OH repair between January 2017 and July 2024 were included in this retrospective study. They were divided into groups with incarceration or a past history of incarceration (the OH group) or without incarceration (the IOH group).