Health Utility of Pain Response Versus Nonresponse to Palliative Radiation Therapy for Symptomatic Bone Metastases: Analyses Based on Real-World Data from 26 Centers.

Utility values of responders and nonresponders are essential inputs in cost-effectiveness studies of radiation therapy for painful bone metastases but, to our knowledge, they have not been reported separately. We sought to determine the utility values of responders and nonresponders using data from a prospective observational study on bone metastases. The original prospective observational study was conducted at 26 centers in Japan.

Association between the HAL score and the development of progressive pulmonary fibrosis in idiopathic interstitial pneumonia: A prospective observational study.

Background: Progressive pulmonary fibrosis (PPF) is a critical concern in interstitial lung disease (ILD) management. The HAL score, which incorporates honeycombing (H), age >75 years (A), and serum lactate dehydrogenase >222 U/L (L), can predict acute exacerbations in patients with idiopathic interstitial pneumonia (IIP). This study aims to evaluate the predictive utility of the HAL score for PPF development.

Repeated pancreatic juice cytology via endoscopic nasopancreatic drainage catheter combined with clinical findings improves diagnostic ability for malignant cases of suspected pancreatic cancer with non-identifiable tumors.

Background/objectives: The detection of pancreatic cancer (PC) often depends on indirect indicators such as parenchyma atrophy (PPA), main pancreatic duct stenosis, and low echoic areas, particularly when no mass is evident on imaging. While pathological evaluation is the gold standard for differentiating malignant from benign conditions, endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration/biopsy is not always feasible in such cases. Serial pancreatic juice aspiration cytologic examination (SPACE) via endoscopic nasopancreatic drainage (NPD) has emerged as an alternative diagnostic method, though its accuracy remains underevaluated.

Modified Quick Change Method for Norepinephrine Syringe Exchange in Critically Ill Patients: A Quasi-randomized, Non-inferiority Trial.

Background: This study aimed to verify that the modified quick change (mQC) method of syringe exchange in critically ill patients receiving a continuous intravenous norepinephrine infusion is not inferior to the conventional double pumping (DP) method.

Methods: This non-blinded, quasi-randomized, non-inferiority trial was conducted in a single hospital from August 1, 2023 to February 29, 2024. Adult patients aged 18 years or older who were admitted to the emergency ward and received a continuous intravenous norepinephrine infusion were eligible for inclusion.

A New Breast Density Assessment Method Using Portable Document Format.

Purpose: Breast density assessment is an essential component of risk-stratified and supplemental breast cancer screenings for the future generation. International collaborative research and cooperation are required to determine global trends and differences in mammographic breast density. Due to the cost and energy associated with the use of film or digital mammograms, international breast density assessment studies tend to be challenging.

Immune checkpoint inhibitor-induced autoimmune limbic encephalitis with positivity for anti-Hu antibodies in a patient with small-cell lung cancer: A case report and literature review.

In recent years, there has been an increasing number of studies on neurological symptoms induced as paraneoplastic neurological syndrome (PNS) or neurological immune-related adverse events (irAEs) in patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). Herein, we report a 68-year-old male patient with small-cell lung cancer who developed memory impairment and autonomic nervous system dysfunction after three courses of carboplatin, etoposide, and durvalumab therapy. Brain magnetic resonance imaging revealed hyperintense areas restricted to the bilateral temporal lobes.

Factors associated with uncontrolled severe asthma in the biologic era.

Background: Despite the development of biologics for severe asthma, individuals with uncontrolled status persist, posing a significant social problem. This multicenter prospective study aimed to identify factors associated with the uncontrolled status of patients with severe asthma in the biologic era assessed using the Asthma Control Questionnaire (ACQ).

Methods: Subjects with severe asthma diagnosed by respiratory specialists were enrolled from 11 hospitals.

Prognostic Awareness and Knowledge of Acute Exacerbation in Patients Dying with Interstitial Lung Disease: A Nationwide Survey.

Rationale: Accurate prognostic awareness (PA) and knowledge of the disease are critical for decision-making regarding treatment options, advance care planning, and end-of-life care. However, they have not been investigated in patients with interstitial lung disease (ILD).

Objectives: To determine the prevalence of patients with ILD who have accurate PA and/or knowledge of acute exacerbation.

Map-Like Redness Development After Eradication Therapy for Helicobacter pylori Infection: Prospective Multicenter Observational Study.

Background: Map-like redness, pathological intestinal metaplasia, is observed in one-fourth to one-third of patients 1 year after Helicobacter pylori eradication therapy, mainly in the corpus, and is a newly identified endoscopic risk factor for gastric cancer development after eradication. However, it is unclear whether intestinal metaplasia is present before eradication at the site where the map-like redness appears. We aimed to identify endoscopic findings that predict the occurrence of map-like redness before H.

[A Case of Drug-Induced Lung Injury That Developed the Day after Abemaciclib Treatment for Advanced Breast Cancer].

A 74-year-old woman was diagnosed with invasive breast ductal carcinoma, cT2N0M1 (PUL), stage Ⅳ, and treated with abemaciclib and letrozole. The day after drug administration, the patient developed a fever of 38℃ and dyspnea upon exertion, and was diagnosed with drug-induced pneumonia. Steroid pulse therapy was administered during hospitalization, and the patient was discharged after the dose of prednisolone was gradually reduced.

Optimizing thrombectomy in medium vessel occlusion: Focus on vessel diameter.

Objectives: Mechanical thrombectomy for medium vessel occlusion (MeVO) is a challenging field with limited results. In this study, we aimed at evaluating the efficacy and safety of a procedural strategy beginning with occluded vessel diameter measurement and matched aspiration catheter selection.

Materials And Methods: We retrospectively analyzed all sequentially treated patients by mechanical thrombectomy at two comprehensive stroke centers between May 2020 and April 2023, focusing on the occluded vessel diameter.

The effect of anterior support screw (AS2) in unstable femoral trochanteric fractures: A multicenter randomized controlled trial.

Objectives: This study was conducted to verify the effectiveness of Anterior Support Screw (AS2) for unstable femoral trochanteric fractures.

Design: A multicenter, prospective, randomized controlled trial SETTING: This study was conducted across 15 academic medical centers in Japan PATIENTS/PARTICIPANTS: We enrolled 240 cases of femoral trochanteric fractures with posterior crushing and intramedullary displacement of proximal bone fragments across 15 institutions in Japan.

Intervention: All patients were subjected to a reduction in which the anterior cortex was brought into contact.

Practical approach to thrombocytopenia in patients with sepsis: a narrative review.

Thrombocytopenia frequently occurs in patients with sepsis. Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) may be a possible cause of thrombocytopenia owing to its high prevalence and association with poor outcomes; however, it is important to keep the presence of other diseases in mind in sepsis practice. Thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA), which is characterized by thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS), and complement-mediated HUS, is characterized by thrombocytopenia, microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, and organ damage.

Implications of the diagnosis of locomotive syndrome stage 3 for long-term care.

Objectives: Locomotive syndrome stage 3 (LS3), which has been established recently, may imply a greater need for care than LS stage 0 (LS0), LS stage 1 (LS1), and LS stage 2 (LS2). The relationship between LS3 and long-term care in Japan is unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to examine this relationship.

Quality of palliative radiotherapy assessed using quality indicators: a multicenter survey†.

We sought to identify potential evidence-practice gaps in palliative radiotherapy using quality indicators (QIs), previously developed using a modified Delphi method. Seven QIs were used to assess the quality of radiotherapy for bone metastases (BoM) and brain metastases (BrM). Compliance rate was calculated as the percentage of patients for whom recommended medical care was conducted.

Olanzapine Plus Triple Antiemetic Therapy for the Prevention of Carboplatin-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Phase III Trial.

Purpose: We evaluated the efficacy and safety of antiemetic therapy with olanzapine, a neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist (RA), a 5-hydroxytryptamine-3 (5-HT) RA, and dexamethasone for preventing chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting in patients receiving carboplatin-containing chemotherapy.

Patients And Methods: Chemotherapy-naïve patients scheduled to receive carboplatin (AUC ≥5) were randomly assigned to receive either olanzapine 5 mg once daily (olanzapine group) or placebo (placebo group) in combination with aprepitant, a 5-HT RA, and dexamethasone. The primary end point was the complete response (CR; no vomiting and no rescue therapy) rate in the overall phase (0-120 hours).