Will personalized ultrafractionated stereotactic adaptive radiotherapy (PULSAR) or split-course SBRT based on systemic therapy (3S) be future directions in the Field of SBRT?

The combined use of stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) and immunotherapy is a promising new development. However, the optimal modality for combining SBRT with immunotherapy needs further study. Timmerman and colleagues reported that the time split between radiotherapy and α-PD-L1 therapy can affect the therapeutic effect and introduced a new SBRT paradigm-personalized ultrafractionated stereotactic adaptive radiation therapy (PULSAR).

Time-dependent interpretable survival prediction model for second primary NSCLC patients.

Objective: Accurate predictive models for second primary non-small cell lung cancer (SP-NSCLC) are limited. This study aimed to develop and validate overall survival (OS) prediction models for SP-NSCLC patients using time-dependent interpretable survival machine learning algorithms.

Methods: This study utilized data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database, encompassing 8 and 12 registries, to extract data on patients aged 20-89 diagnosed with SP-NSCLC between 1988 and 2020.

Translating CD47-targeted therapy in gastrointestinal cancers: Insights from preclinical to clinical studies.

This review presents a thorough investigation of the role of CD47 in gastrointestinal cancers. We performed a comprehensive, in-depth review of over 100 preclinical and clinical studies focused on inhibiting CD47. The research highlights the potential of targeted CD47 to enhance existing treatments by boosting the immune response to cancer cells.

USP35 promotes breast cancer progression by regulating PFK-1 ubiquitination to mediate glycolysis.

Ubiquitin‑specific protease 35 (USP35) was found to be involved in various tumor progression, but its role in breast cancer remains largely unknown. USP35 mRNA and protein expression in breast cancer tissues and cells were evaluated by qPCR and Western bolt (WB), respectively. Subsequently, flow cytometry and EDU labeling were used to evaluate breast cancer cell apoptosis and proliferation.

Association between oxidative balance score and serum cobalt level in population with metal implants: a cross-sectional study from NHANES 2015-2020.

Background: Growing evidence indicates that metal implants influence the body's oxidative stress status, which in turn affects the degradation and stability of metal implants. The oxidative balance score (OBS) is a composite indicator, reflecting the overall oxidative balance of pro-and antioxidants of the human body. However, the associations between OBS and the level of metal ions on the population with metal implants remain to be elucidated.

Clinical and functional characterization of a novel STUB1 mutation in a Chinese spinocerebellar ataxia 48 pedigree.

Background: Spinocerebellar ataxias (SCAs) encompass a wide spectrum of inherited neurodegenerative diseases, primarily characterized by pathological changes in the cerebellum, spinal cord, and brainstem degeneration. Autosomal dominant spinocerebellar ataxia type 48 (SCA48) is a newly identified subtype of SCA, marked by early-onset ataxia and cognitive impairment, and is associated with mutations in the STIP1 homology and U-box-containing protein 1 (STUB1) gene. The STUB1 gene encodes the protein CHIP (C-terminus of HSC70-interacting protein) which functions as E3 ubiquitin ligase and is crucial to the development of neural systems.

Exercise training alleviates neuronal apoptosis and re-establishes mitochondrial quality control after cerebral ischemia by increasing SIRT3 expression.

Existing evidence indicates that exercise training can enhance neural function by regulating mitochondrial quality control (MQC), which can be impaired by cerebral ischemia, and that sirtuin-3 (SIRT3), a protein localized in mitochondria, is crucial in maintaining mitochondrial functions. However, the relationship among exercise training, SIRT3, and MQC after cerebral ischemia remains obscure. This study attempted to elucidate the relationship among exercise training, SIRT3 and MQC after cerebral ischemia in rats.

Diagnostic and predictive values of m5C‑associated genes in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.

In patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), the role of 5‑methylcytosine (m5C)‑associated genes in the pathogenesis and development of the disease remains unclear. The present study aimed to identify reliable diagnostic markers based on the expression of m5C‑associated genes for the early detection of IPF. Count data were obtained by screening the IPF genome‑wide assay in the Gene Expression Omnibus database, followed by a comparison of m5C gene expression in patients with IPF and controls.

The Value of Different Systemic Inflammatory Response Indicators in the Long-term Prognosis of Type B Aortic Dissection Patients Undergoing Thoracic Endovascular Aortic Repair.

Background: The aim of this study is to explore the value of different systemic inflammatory response indicators in the long-term prognosis of type B aortic dissection (TBAD) patients undergoing thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR).

Methods: This study retrospectively reviewed the case data of 540 patients with TBAD at our center from January 2013 to January 2019. Based on the occurrence of aorta-related adverse events (ARAEs) during follow-up, patients were divided into two groups: the ARAEs group and the non-ARAEs group.

Association of the SNPs in CCL2 and CXCL12 genes with the susceptibility to breast cancer: a case-control study in China.

Background: Chemokines are well-known for playing an essential role in the development of cancer. However, the association between SNPs in the CCL2 and CXCL12 genes and the susceptibility to breast cancer remains unclear.

Methods: A case-control study was conducted in southeast China, including 1855 breast cancer patients and 1838 cancer-free controls.

Effectiveness of a multimodal therapy protocol for the management of allergic rhinitis: a randomized controlled trial.

Objectives: This study endeavors to comprehensively assess the efficacy of a multimodal therapy protocol in the management and treatment of allergic rhinitis.

Methods: This study employed a randomized controlled trial design, enrolling a total of 100 patients, who were randomly assigned to either the experimental group (receiving multimodal therapy) or the control group (receiving standard treatment), with 50 patients in each group. All enrolled patients were diagnosed based on standard guidelines for allergic rhinitis.

Akkermansia muciniphila activates natural killer cells by suppressing the TGF-β signaling pathway in lung adenocarcinoma cells.

Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) stands out as a prevalent malignant tumor necessitating innovative strategies to enhance therapeutic outcomes. Akkermansia muciniphila (AKK) has emerged as intricately linked to tumor immunotherapy, yet its impact on natural killer (NK) cells, which play a crucial role in immunotherapy, remains unclear. This study aims to investigate the effects of AKK outer membrane proteins on NK cells in LUAD and elucidate potential associated molecular mechanisms.

Diffusion-derived vessel density (DDVD) for penumbra delineation in brain acute ischemic stroke: initial proof-of-concept results using single NEX DWI.

Neuroimaging is a cornerstone in the diagnosis and treatment decision-making for brain acute ischemic stroke. A rapid and accurate diagnosis is the key, specifically for time-critical reperfusion therapies. Successful reperfusion of salvageable penumbra can reduce the extent of ischemic stroke and thus improve clinical outcomes, whereas reperfusion of irreversibly affected brain tissue is thought to be futile and may result in harm due to the risk of hemorrhagic transformation.

Deep learning-based low count whole-body positron emission tomography denoising incorporating computed tomography priors.

Background: Deep-learning-based denoising improves image quality and quantification accuracy for low count (LC) positron emission tomography (PET). Conventional deep-learning-based denoising methods only require single LC PET image input. This study aims to propose a deep-learning-based LC PET denoising method incorporating computed tomography (CT) priors to further reduce the dose level.

Prognostic significance of B cell senescence-associated genes as risk markers in prostate adenocarcinoma.

Background: Prostate adenocarcinoma (PRAD) is a common male urinary system cancer, and its targeted treatment is difficult. This study aimed to investigate the value of B cell senescence-related genes in PRAD prognosis.

Methods: PRAD sample expression and clinical information were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) Program and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases, and B cell senescence-related gene sets were obtained from the Genecards library.

Does T1c-2N0-1M0 triple negative breast cancer derive a benefit from neoadjuvant chemotherapy?

Objectives: Although neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NCT) is a standard approach for operable triple negative breast cancer (TNBC), the potential risks brought by it should also be noticed. Is the expanding indication of NCT to T1cN0M0 population appropriate? We conducted an investigation to compare the long-term survival of small tumor TNBC between NCT and adjuvant chemotherapy (ACT).

Methods: For this propensity-matched analysis, we used data from Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database.

Prioritizing vaccine introduction to China's National Immunization Program: a multi-criteria decision analysis.

Background: To prioritize the introducing of new vaccines into China's National Immunization Program (NIP) among 10 candidate vaccines across four classes.

Methods: We developed a vaccine value framework using Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) to simulate the introduction of new vaccines into NIP, covering 21 criteria encompassing six dimensions: safety, effectiveness, economy, innovation, accessibility, and appropriateness. Two decision scenarios were considered: Scenario One prioritized the four classes of vaccines, while Scenario Two identified specific vaccines within each class.

YTHDF2 promotes ATP synthesis and immune evasion in B cell malignancies.

Long-term durable remission in patients with B cell malignancies following chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell immunotherapy remains unsatisfactory, often due to antigen escape. Malignant B cell transformation and oncogenic growth relies on efficient ATP synthesis, although the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we report that YTHDF2 facilitates energy supply and antigen escape in B cell malignancies, and its overexpression alone is sufficient to cause B cell transformation and tumorigenesis.

Proteomics analysis revealed the therapeutic role of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells on radiation-induced colorectal fibrosis in rats.

Background: Radiation-induced colorectal fibrosis (RICF) is a chronic condition that can develop after pelvic radiation therapy for colorectal cancer. Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs) have emerged as promising candidate for fibrosis treatment, yet the mode of action of ADSC upon RICF remains obscure. This study aimed to investigate the optimal delivery route, treatment timing, anti-fibrotic effects, and underlying mechanisms of ADSCs upon RICF.

Cost-effectiveness of nivolumab combined with chemotherapy as a first-line therapy for patients with unresectable or metastatic urothelial carcinoma.

Background: Urothelial carcinoma is a significant health concern in the United States (US), with high mortality and economic burdens. The CheckMate-901 trial showed promising survival benefits for nivolumab combined with gemcitabine and cisplatin followed by nivolumab maintenance therapy (nivolumab-combination) as first-line treatment of unresectable or metastatic urothelial carcinoma (UC), but its cost-effectiveness is unclear.

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of the nivolumab-combination versus standard chemotherapy (gemcitabine-cisplatin) for advanced UC from the perspective of healthcare payers in the US.

Comparison of Intratumoral and Peritumoral Deep Learning, Radiomics, and Fusion Models for Predicting KRAS Gene Mutations in Rectal Cancer Based on Endorectal Ultrasound Imaging.

Main Objectives: We aimed at comparing intratumoral and peritumoral deep learning, radiomics, and fusion models in predicting KRAS mutations in rectal cancer using endorectal ultrasound imaging.

Methods: This study included 304 patients with rectal cancer from Fujian Medical University Union Hospital. The patients were randomly divided into a training group (213 patients) and a test group (91 patients) at a 7:3 ratio.

Clinical Value of Nomograms Integrating Circulating Lipid and Inflammation Risk Score in Predicting Long-Term Outcomes After Radical Gastrectomy in Gastric Cancer: A Multicenter Real-World Study.

Background: The clinical value of incorporating lipid and inflammatory factors to predict long-term survival in patients with gastric cancer (GC) is unreported. This study aimed to investigate the clinical value of nomograms integrating the Circulating Lipid and Inflammation Risk Score (CLIRS) for predicting the long-term outcome of patients with GC.

Methods: A retrospective analysis included patients with GC who underwent radical resection at four tertiary medical centers.

Dynamic changes and prognosis value of plasma syndecan-1 and different microcirculatory parameters in sepsis: A prospective observational study.

Background: Glycocalyx degradation is implicated in endothelial damage and microcirculatory dysfunction in sepsis, whereas the effectiveness of plasma syndecan-1 levels and sublingual microcirculatory parameters in evaluating sepsis's prognosis has not yet been determined. This study aims to track their dynamic changes and investigate the prognostic utility of these indexes in sepsis.

Methods: In this prospective study conducted at the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, blood samples were collected from adult surgical septic patients within 2 days after intensive care unit admission measuring plasma syndecan-1 concentrations.