Elucidating contributions of meteorology and emissions to O variations in coastal city of China during 2019-2022: Insights from VOCs sources.

Elucidating the meteorology and emissions contribution of O variation is a crucial issue for implementing effective measures for O pollution control. We quantified the impacts of meteorology and emissions on O variability during spring and autumn from 2019 to 2022, using multi-year continuous observations. A machine learning (ML)-based de-weathering model revealed that meteorology accounted for a greater proportion of O variability (71.

Constructing small for gestational age prediction models: A retrospective machine learning study.

Objective: To develop machine learning prediction models for small for gestational age with baseline characteristics and biochemical tests of various pregnancy stages individually and collectively and compare predictive performance.

Study Design: This retrospective study included singleton pregnancies with infants born between May 2018 and March 2023. Small for gestational age was defined as a birth weight below the 10th percentile according to the Intergrowth-21st fetal growth standards.

Quantitative analysis of influencing factors to aerosol pH and its responses to PM and O pollution in a coastal city.

Aerosol acidity (pH) plays an important role in the multiphase chemical processes of atmospheric particles. In this study, we demonstrated the seasonal trends of aerosol pH calculated with the ISORROPIA-II model in a coastal city of southeast China. We performed quantitative analysis on the various influencing factors on aerosol pH, and explored the responses of aerosol pH to different PM and O pollution levels.

Receptor for Activated C Kinase 1 counteracts ABSCISIC ACID INSENSITIVE5-mediated inhibition of seed germination and post-germinative growth in Arabidopsis.

ABSCISIC ACID INSENSITIVE5 (ABI5), a key regulator of the abscisic acid (ABA) signalling pathway, plays a fundamental role in seed germination and post-germinative development. However, the molecular mechanism underlying the repression function of ABI5 remains to be elucidated. In this study, we demonstrate that the conserved eukaryotic WD40 repeat protein Receptor for Activated C Kinase 1 (RACK1) is a novel negative regulator of ABI5 in Arabidopsis.

Optimization of a Lower Irrigation Limit for Lettuce Based on Comprehensive Evaluation: A Field Experiment.

When optimizing irrigation methods, much consideration is given to crop growth indicators while less attention has been paid to soil's gaseous carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) emission indicators. Therefore, adopting an irrigation practice that can reduce emissions while maintaining crop yield and quality is of great interest. Thus, open-field experiments were conducted from September 2020 to January 2022 using a single-factor randomized block design with three replications.

Fabrication of high-preformance emulsifier from conjugating maltodextrin onto myofibrillar protein peptide with microwave- ultrasound synergy.

In this study, we systematically investigated the emulsifying capabilities of myofibrillar protein (MP)- and MP peptide (MPP)-based conjugates synthesized through intensification techniques: water bath (WB), microwave, ultrasound, and the combined ultrasound-microwave (UM) methods. Compared with WB, microwave, and ultrasound treatments, the combined UM treatment greatly promoted the glycation reaction because ultrasound and microwave mutually reinforced modification effects. The resultant conjugate structure tended to unfold with more flexible conformation and homogeneous morphology.

Simultaneous ultrasound and microwave application in myosin-chlorogenic acid conjugation: Unlocking enhanced emulsion stability.

This study investigated the grafting chlorogenic acid (CA) onto myosin, utilizing various techniques including conventional method, ultrasound, microwave, and combination of ultrasound and microwave (UM). The grafting efficiency was as follows: conventional method < microwave < ultrasound < UM. The UM technique manifested the highest CA-binding capacity (80.

Nuclear Localization of G3BP6 Is Essential for the Flowering Transition in .

The Ras GTPase-activating protein SH3 domain-binding protein (G3BP) belongs to the highly conserved family of RNA-binding proteins, which has been well-investigated in humans and animals. However, limited study of plant G3BP has been reported, and the precise biological function of the G3BP family has not been elucidated yet. In this study, the G3BP family, comprising seven members, was comparatively analyzed.

Biocrust diazotrophs and bacteria rather than fungi are sensitive to chronic low N deposition.

Anthropogenic long-term nitrogen (N) deposition may dramatically impact biocrusts due to the overarching N limitation of soil biota in deserts. Even low levels of N may reach a critical loading threshold altering biocrust constituents and function. To identify the impact of chronic and continuous low levels of N deposition on biocrusts, we created a realistic gradient mirroring anthropogenic N addition rate (2:1 NH : NO rates: 0.

Particle number size distribution and new particle formation in Xiamen, the coastal city of Southeast China in wintertime.

New particle formation (NPF) has a great impact on regional and global climate, air quality and human health. This study uses a Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer (SMPS) for simultaneous measurement of particle number size distribution (PNSD) in wintertime to investigate NPF in the coastal city of Xiamen. The mean particle number concentration, surface area concentration and volume concentration were 7.

Combining bi-functional Pt/USY and electromagnetic induction for rapid in-situ adsorption-combustion cycling of gaseous organic pollutant.

By exploiting the superior adsorption capacity of ultra-stable Y-type zeolite (USY) and accurate input of energy by electromagnetic induction field (EMIF) technique, we successfully designed a highly energy-efficient system to eliminate gaseous toluene a common air pollutant. Pristine USY as adsorbent enriches gaseous toluene by a factor of fifteen, via room-temperature adsorption and then EMIF-driven thermal desorption. This operation model involving intermittent heating and mass transfer saves a lot of energy.

Behavioral and Physiological Plasticity Provides Insights into Molecular Based Adaptation Mechanism to Strain Shift in .

How herbivorous insects adapt to host plants is a key question in ecological and evolutionary biology. The fall armyworm, (FAW) (J.E.

Source apportionment of PM and sulfate formation during the COVID-19 lockdown in a coastal city of southeast China.

Revealing the changes in chemical compositions and sources of PM is important for understanding aerosol chemistry and emission control strategies. High time-resolved characterization of water-soluble inorganic ions, elements, organic carbon (OC), and elemental carbon (EC) in PM was conducted in a coastal city of southeast China during the COVID-19 pandemic. The results showed that the average concentration of PM during the city lockdown (CLD) decreased from 46.

Air pollution increases human health risks of PM-bound PAHs and nitro-PAHs in the Yangtze River Delta, China.

Identifying the nature and extent of atmospheric PM-bound toxic organic pollutants is beneficial to evaluate human health risks of air pollution. Seasonal observations of PM-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and nitro-PAHs (NPAHs) in the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) were investigated, along with criteria air pollutants and meteorological parameters. With the elevated PM level, the percentage of 4-ring PAHs and typical NPAH including 3-Nitrobiphenyl (3-NBP) and 2-Nitrofluoranthene (2-NFLT) increased by 19-40%.

[Spatial Differentiation and Driving Analysis of Nitrogen in Rice Rotation Based on Regional DNDC: Case Study of Jinjiang River Watershed].

Cycling dynamics of nitrogen in paddy rotation areas have a practical significance for ensuring food supply and realizing sustainable development of the regional ecology in the Min delta urban agglomeration. However, with rapid urbanization, the negative externalities of paddy rotation areas have been gradually increased because of unreasonable utilization behavior, and the environmental costs are increasing. Therefore, the spatial differentiation of nitrogen indicators and its driving factors were analyzed, which provides a macro-decision making basis for the implementation of farmland management measures.

Chemical Constituents and Biological Activity Profiles on (Orchidaceae).

(Orchidaceae) is not only famous for the ornamental value in Europe because of its special color, but also endemic in Southern Asia for its use in traditional medicine. A great deal of research about its secondary metabolites and biological activities has been done on only three of 30 species of . Up to now, 183 chemical compounds, such as phenanthrenes, bibenzyls, glucosyloxybenzyl succinate derivatives, flavonoids, lignans, terpenoids, etc.

Sub-lethal effects of lufenuron exposure on spotted bollworm Earias vittella (Fab): key biological traits and detoxification enzymes activity.

Spotted bollworm, Earias vittella, is one of the most serious and devastating insect pests of vegetables and cotton. Currently, insecticides are necessary for its control in nearly all crop systems. In this paper, we evaluate the sub-lethal effects of lufenuron on biological traits and activity of detoxification enzymes: cytochrome P450 monooxygenases, esterase, and glutathione S-transeferase (GST) in second instar larvae of E.

Evolution of plastid genomes of Holcoglossum (Orchidaceae) with recent radiation.

Background: The plastid is a semiautonomous organelle with its own genome. Plastid genomes have been widely used as models for studying phylogeny, speciation and adaptive evolution. However, most studies focus on comparisons of plastid genome evolution at high taxonomic levels, and comparative studies of the process of plastome evolution at the infrageneric or intraspecific level remain elusive.

Anaerobic ammonium oxidation in agricultural soils-synthesis and prospective.

Denitrification is considered as the dominant nitrogen (N) removing pathway, however, anaerobic oxidation of ammonium (anammox) also plays a significant part in N loss in agricultural ecosystems. Large N inputs into agricultural soils may stimulate the growth of anammox bacteria, resulting in high activity and diversity of anammox bacteria and subsequent more N loss. In some specific niches, like oxic-anoxic interface, three processes, nitrification, anammox and denitrification couple with each other, and significant anammox reaction could be observed.

The bottle gourd genome provides insights into Cucurbitaceae evolution and facilitates mapping of a Papaya ring-spot virus resistance locus.

Bottle gourd (Lagenaria siceraria) is an important vegetable crop as well as a rootstock for other cucurbit crops. In this study, we report a high-quality 313.4-Mb genome sequence of a bottle gourd inbred line, USVL1VR-Ls, with a scaffold N50 of 8.

Identification of resistant germplasm containing novel resistance genes at or tightly linked to the Pi2/9 locus conferring broad-spectrum resistance against rice blast.

Background: The rice Pi2/9 locus harbors multiple resistance (R) genes each controlling broad-spectrum resistance against diverse isolates of Magnaporthe oryzae, a fungal pathogen causing devastating blast disease to rice. Identification of more resistance germplasm containing novel R genes at or tightly linked to the Pi2/9 locus would promote breeding of resistance rice cultivars.

Results: In this study, we aim to identify resistant germplasm containing novel R genes at or tightly linked to the Pi2/9 locus using a molecular marker, designated as Pi2/9-RH (Pi2/9 resistant haplotype), developed from the 5' portion of the Pi2 sequence which was conserved only in the rice lines containing functional Pi2/9 alleles.

Analysis of the differential gene and protein expression profile of the rolled leaf mutant of transgenic rice (Oryza sativa L.).

The importance of leaf rolling in rice (Oryza sativa L.) has been widely recognized. Although several studies have investigated rice leaf rolling and identified some related genes, knowledge of the molecular mechanism underlying rice leaf rolling, especially outward leaf rolling, is limited.

A Lectin Receptor-Like Kinase Mediates Pattern-Triggered Salicylic Acid Signaling.

Plant surface-localized pathogen recognition receptors (PRRs) perceive conserved microbial features, termed pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), resulting in disease resistance. PAMP perception leads to calcium influx, MAPK activation, a burst of reactive oxygen species (ROS) mediated by RbohD, accumulation of the defense hormone salicylic acid (SA), and callose deposition. Lectin receptor-like kinases (LecRKs) belong to a specific PRR family and are important players in plant innate immunity.