Toxicity of antimony to plants: Effects on metabolism of N and S in a rice plant.

Excess antimony (Sb) has been shown to damage plant growth. Rice plants readily absorb a large amount of Sb after a long period of flooding, yet the mechanisms underlying Sb toxicity in plants have not been solved. This study was conducted to explore the effects of Sb on the uptake of N and S, and monitor the concentrations of reduced glutathione (GSH) and enzymes associated with these processes.

Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of the U-box E3 ubiquitin ligase gene family related to bacterial wilt resistance in tobacco ( L.) and eggplant ( L.).

The E3 enzyme in the UPS pathway is a crucial factor for inhibiting substrate specificity. In Solanaceae, the U-box E3 ubiquitin ligase has a complex relationship with plant growth and development, and plays a pivotal role in responding to various biotic and abiotic stresses. The analysis of the gene family in Solanaceae and its expression profile under different stresses holds significant implications.

Functional and evolutionary comparative analysis of the DIR gene family in Nicotiana tabacum L. and Solanum tuberosum L.

Background: The dirigent (DIR) genes encode proteins that act as crucial regulators of plant lignin biosynthesis. In Solanaceae species, members of the DIR gene family are intricately related to plant growth and development, playing a key role in responding to various biotic and abiotic stresses. It will be of great application significance to analyze the DIR gene family and expression profile under various pathogen stresses in Solanaceae species.

Biological Control of Root Rot of Strawberry by Strains CMS5 and CMR12.

Strawberry root rot caused by is one of the main diseases of strawberries and significantly impacts the yield and quality of strawberry fruit. Biological control is becoming an alternative method for the control of plant diseases to replace or decrease the application of traditional chemical fungicides. To obtain antagonistic bacteria with a high biocontrol effect on strawberry root rot, over 72 rhizosphere bacteria were isolated from the strawberry rhizosphere soil and screened for their antifungal activity against by dual culture assay.

Salicylic Acid's impact on Sedum alfredii growth and cadmium tolerance: Comparative physiological, transcriptomic, and metabolomic study.

With the acceleration of industrialization, Cd pollution has emerged as a major threat to soil ecosystem health and food safety. Hyperaccumulating plants like Sedum alfredii Hance are considered to be used as part of an effective strategy for the ecological remediation of Cd polluted soils. This study delved deeply into the physiological, transcriptomic, and metabolomic responses of S.

Characterization of SIPs-type aquaporins and their roles in response to environmental cues in rice (Oryza sativa L.).

Background: Aquaporins (AQPs) facilitate water diffusion across biological membranes and are involved in all phases of growth and development. Small and basic intrinsic proteins (SIPs) belong to the fourth subfamily of the plant AQPs. Although SIPs are widely present in higher plants, reports on SIPs are limited.

Microeukaryotic plankton evolutionary constraints in a subtropical river explained by environment and bacteria along differing taxonomic resolutions.

Microeukaryotic plankton communities are keystone components for keeping aquatic primary productivity. Currently, variations in microeukaryotic plankton diversity have often been explained by local ecological factors but not by evolutionary constraints. We used amplicon sequencing of 100 water samples across five years to investigate the ecological preferences of the microeukaryotic plankton community in a subtropical riverine ecosystem.

The genus Bhat (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Alysiinae) newly recorded from China.

Background: Alysiinae Leach is a species-rich subfamily in Braconidae, of which several species play an important role in biological control. The monotypic genus Bhat, 1980 was discovered in Tibet and Yunnan provinces for the first time, representing the first record of the genus Bhat, 1980 (Braconidae, Alysiinae) in China.

New Information: The rare genus Bhat, 1980 (Braconidae, Alysiinae) and its only known species, Bhat, 1980, are newly recorded from China.

Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of the ADH gene family under diverse stresses in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.).

Background: Alcohol dehydrogenases (ADHs) are the crucial enzymes that can convert ethanol into acetaldehyde. In tobacco, members of ADH gene family are involved in various stresses tolerance reactions, lipid metabolism and pathways related to plant development. It will be of great application significance to analyze the ADH gene family and expression profile under various stresses in tobacco.

Selenite affected photosynthesis of Oryza sativa L. exposed to antimonite: Electron transfer, carbon fixation, pigment synthesis via a combined analysis of physiology and transcriptome.

Selenium (Se) is a microelement that can counteract (a)biotic stresses in plants. Excess antimony (Sb) will inhibit plant photosynthesis, which can be alleviated by appropriate doses of Se but the associated mechanisms at the molecular levels have not been fully explored. Here, a rice variety (Yongyou 9) was exposed to selenite [Se(IV), 0.

Correlations between organic matrix and eggshell properties of 3 kinds of eggshells in Muscovy duck (Cairina moschata).

In order to analyze the relationship between organic matrix and eggshell properties in Muscovy duck eggshells with different qualities, the organic matrices in the eggshells of normal, pimpled, and striped eggs of white-feathered Muscovy ducks were extracted and separated into acid-insoluble, water-insoluble, and facultative-soluble matrix (both acid- and water-soluble). There was no significant difference in calcified shell thickness between normal and pimpled eggs. However, the percentages of acid-insoluble matrix and total matrix were significantly higher, and the breaking strength was significantly lower in pimpled eggs than those in normal eggs.

Symbiotic Bacteria Modulate Immunity by Altering Community Proportions after Infection with LdMNPV.

The symbiotic bacteria-insect interaction is considered to be associated with immunity and drug resistance. However, the wide variety of insect species and habitats is thought to have a significant impact on the symbiotic community, leading to disparate results. Here, we demonstrated that symbiotic bacteria regulated the immune response by changing the proportion of the Gram-positive and the Gram-negative bacterial community in () after infection with its viral pathogen, Nucleopolyhedrovirus (LdMNPV).

The transformation of dissolved organic matter and formation of halogenated by-products during electrochemical advanced oxidation pretreatment for shale gas produced water.

Electrochemical advanced oxidation processes (EAOPs) have shown great potential for the treatment of shale gas produced water (SGPW). In this study, we investigated the transformation of dissolved organic matter (DOM) during EAOPs of SGPW and the formation of toxic halogenated by-products at various current densities, using fluorescence spectroscopy and Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry. We found that the priority of DOM removal was terrestrial humic-like > microbial humic-like > protein-like substances.

Linking biodiversity and ecological function through extensive microeukaryotic movement across different habitats in six urban parks.

Highly diverse but divergent microeukaryotes dwell in all types of habitats in urban park ecosystems. Extensive microbial migration occurs between both terrestrial and aquatic habitats. Microbial movement is beneficial to the maintenance of biodiversity and the exchange of functional guilds.

Phaenospila gen. nov. (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Alysiinae) and three new species from Thailand.

A new braconid genus belonging to the tribe Alysiini. Phaenospila van Achterberg & Yao, gen. nov.

A new genus van Achterberg (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Alysiinae), six new species, and two new combinations from India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam.

A new genus of the tribe Alysiini (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Alysiinae) is described with specimens from India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam, and six new species are described: (type species), , , , , and . We transfer one species from to : (Papp, 1967) from Singapore and one species from to : (Fischer, 2006) from Malaysia, Laos, Indonesia and Vietnam. A key to the genus of is included.

The MAX2-KAI2 module promotes salicylic acid-mediated immune responses in Arabidopsis.

Arabidopsis MORE AXILLARY GROWTH2 (MAX2) is a key component in the strigolactone (SL) and karrikin (KAR) signaling pathways and regulates the degradation of SUPPRESSOR OF MAX2 1/SMAX1-like (SMAX1/SMXL) proteins, which are transcriptional co-repressors that regulate plant architecture, as well as abiotic and biotic stress responses. The max2 mutation reduces resistance against Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (Pst).

Selenite reduced uptake/translocation of cadmium via regulation of assembles and interactions of pectins, hemicelluloses, lignins, callose and Casparian strips in rice roots.

Selenium (Se) can reduce cadmium (Cd) uptake/translocation via regulating pectins, hemicelluloses and lignins of plant root cell walls, but the detailed molecular mechanisms are not clear. In this study, six hydroponic experiments were set up to explore the relationships of uptake/translocation inhibition of Cd by selenite (Se(IV)) with cell wall component (CWC) synthesis and/or interactions. Cd and Se was supplied (alone or combinedly) at 1.

Experimental Research on a Capsule Robot with Spring-Connected Legs.

Based on a previous study of a novel capsule robot (CR) with spring-connected legs that could collect intestinal juice for biopsy, in this research, an experiment system is designed, and two experiments are carried out. One of the experiments measures the torque and cutting force of this CR, and the other experiment tests and evaluates the biopsy function of this CR. In the measuring experiment, we analyze how the magnetic torque exerted on this CR changes.

Thermo-Sensitive Spikelet Defects 1 acclimatizes rice spikelet initiation and development to high temperature.

Crop reproductive development is vulnerable to heat stress, and the genetic modulation of thermotolerance during the reproductive phase, especially the early stage, remains poorly understood. We isolated a Poaceae-specific FAR-RED ELONGATED HYPOCOTYLS3 (FHY3)/FAR-RED IMPAIRED RESPONSE1 (FAR1)family transcription factor, Thermo-sensitive Spikelet Defects 1 (TSD1), derived from transposase in rice (Oryza sativa) TSD1 was highly expressed in spikelets, induced by heat, and specifically enhanced the thermotolerance of spikelet morphogenesis. Disrupting TSD1 did not affect vegetative growth but markedly retarded spikelet initiation and development, as well as caused varying degrees of spikelet degeneration, depending on the temperature.

Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of the GRAS transcription in eggplant ( L.).

GRAS proteins are plant-specific transcription factors and play important roles in plant growth, development, and stress responses. In this study, a total of 48 genes in the eggplant () genome were identified. These genes were distributed on 11 chromosomes unevenly, with amino acid lengths ranging from 417 to 841 aa.

Toxicity of different forms of antimony to rice plants: Photosynthetic electron transfer, gas exchange, photosynthetic efficiency, and carbon assimilation combined with metabolome analysis.

Antimony (Sb) is a toxic metalloid, and excess Sb causes damage to the plant photosynthetic system. However, the underlying mechanisms of Sb toxicity in the plant photosynthetic system are not clear. Hydroponic culture experiments were conducted to illustrate the toxicity differences of antimonite [Sb(III)] and antimonate [Sb(V)] to the photosynthetic system in a rice plant (Yangdao No.