Optimization of γ-Aminobutyric Acid Production in Brown Rice via Prolonged Seed Priming.

Germinated whole seeds possess elevated levels of bioactive nutrients; however, their application is hindered by several constraints. The germination process is typically time-consuming, and germinated seeds present challenges in terms of storage and transportation compared to dry seeds. This study introduces a novel processing method for rice, termed prolonged priming (PLP), aiming to combine the benefits of germinated and dry seeds.

The Ameliorative Effect of Coumarin on Copper Toxicity in : Insights from Growth, Nutrient Uptake, Oxidative Damage, and Photosynthetic Performance.

Excessive copper (Cu) has become a common physiological disorder restricting the sustainable production of citrus. Coumarin (COU) is a hydroxycinnamic acid that can protect plants from heavy metal toxicity. No data to date are available on the ameliorative effect of COU on plant Cu toxicity.

Insights into the Genomic Background of Nine Common Chinese Medicinal Plants by Flow Cytometry and Genome Survey.

Medicinal plants have long played a crucial role in healthcare systems, but limited genomic information on these species has impeded the integration of modern biological technologies into medicinal plant research. In this study, we selected nine common medicinal plants, each belonging to a different plant family, including (Chloranthaceae), (Vitaceae), (Fabaceae), (Cucurbitaceae), (Polygonaceae), (Caryophyllaceae), (Rubiaceae), (Lamiaceae), and (Asteraceae), to estimate their genome sizes and conduct preliminary genomic surveys. The estimated genome sizes by flow cytometry were 3.

Development of Roselle ( L.) Transcriptome-Based Simple Sequence Repeat Markers and Their Application in Roselle.

Roselle ( L.) simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers were developed using RNA sequencing technology, providing a foundation for genetic analysis and the identification of roselle varieties. In this study, 10 785 unigenes containing 12 994 SSR loci with an average of one SSR locus per 6.

Pollen Morphological Characteristics of 46 Germplasm Resources of and Its Taxonomic Implications.

To elucidate the morphological diversity and genetic characteristics of the pollen of species, this study utilized a total of 46 samples encompassing six species and one variety of . Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was employed to examine the morphological traits of the pollen and to analyze the evolutionary patterns and genetic relationships among species. The results indicate that the pollen grains of the 46 germplasm are uniformly characterized as monads, heteropolar, bilaterally symmetrical, atreme, and possess a mono-sulcus.

Preparation and Efficacy Evaluation of Antihyperuricemic Peptides from Marine Sources.

Marine-derived foods, often called blue foods, are promising sustainable alternatives to conventional food sources owing to their abundant amino acids and high protein content. Current treatments for hyperuricemia, a chronic condition attributed to purine metabolism disorders, are associated with various side effects. Novel peptide xanthine oxidase inhibitors have been discovered in the hydrolyzed products of marine fish and invertebrate proteins, which have demonstrated promising therapeutic potential by reducing uric acid levels in vitro and in vivo.

Development of a TaqMan qPCR for the Simultaneous Detection of the TuMV and BBWV2 Viruses Responsible for the Viral Disease in .

(Miq.) Pax, a highly valued Chinese medicinal plant, is experiencing a notable decline in yield and quality due to viral diseases, particularly caused those by TuMV and BBWV2. Currently, the absence of a quantitative detection method for these viruses in impedes the accurate diagnosis.

Polyphenol Profile and Antioxidant, Antityrosinase, and Anti-Melanogenesis Activities of Ethanol Extract of Bee Pollen.

Bee pollen, a rich nutritional food, was employed to develop a raw material for skin whitening. The polyphenol profile and antioxidant, antityrosinase, and anti-melanogenesis activities of the ethanol extracts of five species of bee pollens (EEBPs) were determined. The results showed that there were a total of 121 phenolic compounds in these EEBPs.

Efficient Encapsulation and Controlled Release of the Pesticide Emamectin Benzoate in Polylactic Acid Microspheres Prepared by Modified Solvent Evaporation.

Emamectin benzoate (EB) is a highly effective broad-spectrum insecticide and acaricide. However, because EB is easily degraded, the conventional formulations of EB are often overapplied. In this study, polylactic acid (PLA)-based microspheres were prepared using the modified solvent evaporation method for the controlled release of EB.

Bacteria Derived from Diamondback Moth, (L.) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae), Gut Regurgitant Negatively Regulate Glucose Oxidase-Mediated Anti-Defense Against Host Plant.

The ongoing interplay among plants, insects, and bacteria underscores the intricate balance of defense mechanisms in ecosystems. Regurgitant bacteria directly/indirectly impact plant immune responses, but the underlying mechanism is unclear. Here, we focus on the interaction between regurgitant bacteria, diamondback moth (DBM), and plant.

Seasonal Migratory Activity of the Beet Armyworm (Hübner) in the Tropical Area of China.

The beet armyworm (Hübner), a global pest, feeds on and affects a wide range of crops. Its long-distance migration with the East Asian monsoon frequently causes large-scale outbreaks in East and Southeast Asia. This pest mainly breeds in tropical regions in the winter season every year; however, few studies have investigated associations with its population movements in this region.

Transcriptomic Characterization of Phototransduction Genes of the Asian Citrus Psyllid Kuwayama.

Opsin plays a regulatory role in phototaxis of , functioning as the initial station in the phototransduction cascade. Our study aimed to explore the phototransduction pathway to identify elicitors that may enhance phototaxis in the future. The RNAi technique was employed to inhibit gene expression, followed by RNA-Seq analysis to identify phototransduction genes.

The Species of the -Group of (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae), with Descriptions of Three New Species, DNA Sequence Data and One Newly-Recorded Species from China.

Seventeen species of the -group of (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) are reviewed worldwide, including three new species, and five previously described species in China. The -group was defined by a combination of characters: head and body dark with parts of metasoma pale; fore wing with a complete row of setae inside the linea calva, or also only with a few setae in the angle between the linea and marginal vein; legs with mesocoxae, metacoxae and metatibia dark, metafemur pale. In this paper, three new species, Wang & Huang, , Wang & Huang, and Wang & Huang, , are described and illustrated, with notes on one species, Hopper & Woolley, new to China.

Regulates Developmental and Immune Trade-Offs Induced by Priming in .

The red palm weevil (RPW) is an invasive pest that causes devastating damage to a variety of palm plants, which exhibit specific immune priming to (Bt). However, immune priming in RPW may incur a high fitness cost, and its molecular signaling pathways have not yet been reported. Here, we investigated the effect of Bt priming on RPW development and subsequently analyzed the hormonal and immune-related molecular pathways influencing the fitness cost induced by Bt priming.

Immunomodulatory Effects of SPHK1 and Its Interaction with TFAP2A in Yellow Drum ().

Sphingosine kinases (SPHKs) are essential enzymes that catalyze the phosphorylation of sphingosine to produce sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), which plays pivotal roles in inflammation and immune regulation. In this study, genome-wide association analysis (GWAS) identified the gene as closely associated with the resistance of yellow drum () to . Structural prediction showed that YDSPHK1 contains a typical diacylglycerol kinase catalytic (DAGKc) domain (154-291 aa).

Functional Involvement of Signal Transducers and Activators of Transcription in the Pathogenesis of Influenza A Virus.

Signal transducers and activators of transcription (STATs) function both as signal transducers and transcription regulators. STAT proteins are involved in the signaling pathways of cytokines and growth factors; thus, they participate in various life activities and play especially critical roles in antiviral immunity. Convincing evidence suggests that STATs can establish innate immune status through multiple mechanisms, efficiently eliminating pathogens.

Modulates Dopamine to Increase Sugar Responsiveness in Honeybees ().

The appetite of honeybees for food is crucial to their survival and reproduction, as they sustain their entire colony by collecting pollen and nectar for nutrients. Dopamine, an important neurotransmitter, regulates appetite and satiety. However, how dopamine regulates honeybee foraging behavior remains unexplored.

Genome-Wide Identification and Characterization of GRAS Transcription Factor Family in Cultivated Hybrid Sugarcane ZZ1 () and Their Role in Development and Stress.

GRAS gene family plays multifunctional roles in plant growth, development, and resistance to various biotic and abiotic stresses, belonging to the plant-specific transcription factor (TF) family. In this study, a genome-wide survey and systematic analysis of the GRAS family in cultivated hybrid sugarcane ZZ1 () with economic and industrial importance was carried out. We identified 747 GRAS genes with complete structural domains and classified these into 11 subfamilies by phylogenetic analyses, exhibiting a diverse range of molecular weight and isoelectric points, thereby indicating a broad structural and functional spectrum.

Insight into Rice Resistance to the Brown Planthopper: Gene Cloning, Functional Analysis, and Breeding Applications.

This review provides a comprehensive overview of the current understanding of rice resistance to the brown planthopper (BPH), a major pest that poses significant threats to rice production through direct feeding damage and by transmitting viruses such as Rice grassy stunt virus (RGSV) and Rice ragged stunt virus (RRSV). We highlight the emergence of various BPH biotypes that have overcome specific resistance genes in rice. Advances in genetic mapping and cloning have identified 17 BPH resistance genes, classified into typical R genes encoding nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat (NLR) proteins and atypical R genes such as lectin receptor kinases and proteins affecting cell wall composition.

Genome-Wide Identification, Functional Characterization, and Stress-Responsive Expression Profiling of Subtilase () Gene Family in Peanut ( L.).

Subtilases (SBTs), known as serine proteases or phytoproteases in plants, are crucial enzymes involved in plant development, growth, and signaling pathways. Despite their recognized importance in other plant species, information regarding their functional roles in cultivated peanut ( L.) remains sparse.

Evolution and Function of MADS-Box Transcription Factors in Plants.

The MADS-box transcription factor (TF) gene family is pivotal in various aspects of plant biology, particularly in growth, development, and environmental adaptation. It comprises Type I and Type II categories, with the MIKC-type subgroups playing a crucial role in regulating genes essential for both the vegetative and reproductive stages of plant life. Notably, MADS-box proteins can influence processes such as flowering, fruit ripening, and stress tolerance.

How Does Gamification Improve Purchase Intention? Through the Lens of Perceived Brand Coolness and Time Poverty.

Gamification has been extensively employed in marketing practices to meet the diverse needs of consumers. Previous research suggests that gamification marketing plays a pivotal role in influencing customer purchase intention. However, the precise mechanism through which gamification marketing impacts purchase intention requires further investigation.

The Effects of Ultrasound on the Rehydration of Konjac Glucomannan/Soy Protein Isolate Gel and Simulation of Gas-Liquid Interface Evolution During the Rehydration Process.

Soy protein isolate (SPI) possesses potential gelling properties, making it suitable for gel-based applications. However, the gel network stability and mechanical properties of SPI are relatively poor and can be improved through modifications or by combining it with other polymers, such as Konjac Glucomannan (KGM). Combining SPI with KGM can overcome the poor gel network stability and mechanical properties of SPI, but it reduces the water-absorbing capacity of the gel network after drying, which affects the quality characteristics of plant-based protein rehydrated foods and limits the economic feasibility of soy protein foods.

Investigation of Effects of Cushioning Packaging on the Physiological and Quality Changes in Chinese Olive Fruits During Cold Chain Transportation.

To gain a deeper understanding of the mechanisms by which cushioning packaging preserves the quality of Chinese olive fruits during cold chain transportation and extends their shelf life, this study simulated cold chain conditions and investigated the effects of cushioning packaging on the physiology, antioxidant capacity, and secondary metabolites of fruits during a 20-day shelf life. The results indicated that the decay rate in cushioning-packaging-treated fruit was 75% lower than that in the unbuffered packaging fruit at day 20 of shelf life. Simultaneously, cushioning packaging treatment mitigated the damage severity of the cell membrane structure and kept the cell membrane permeability at a low level, which was 15.

Prediction of the Quality of Anxi Tieguanyin Based on Hyperspectral Detection Technology.

Anxi Tieguanyin belongs to the oolong tea category and is one of the top ten most famous teas in China. In this study, hyperspectral imaging (HSI) technology was combined with chemometric methods to achieve the rapid determination of free amino acid and tea polyphenol contents in Tieguanyin tea. Here, the spectral data of Tieguanyin tea samples of four quality grades were obtained via visible near-infrared hyperspectroscopy in the range of 400-1000 nm, and the free amino acid and tea polyphenol contents of the samples were detected.