Microplastics mediates the spread of antimicrobial resistance plasmids via modulating conjugal gene expression.

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and environmental degradation are existential global public health threats. Linking microplastics (MPs) and AMR is particularly concerning as MPs pollution would have significant ramifications on controlling of AMR; however, the effects of MPs on the spread and genetic mechanisms of AMR bacteria remain unclear. Herein, we performed Simonsen end-point conjugation to investigate the impact of four commonly used MPs on transfer of clinically relevant plasmids.

Tunable architecture of cobalt-nickel metal-organic framework/activated carbon composites for superior electrochemical performance in asymmetric supercapacitors.

Cobalt-nickel metal-organic framework/activated carbon (MOF/AC) composites with tunable flower-like architectures were synthesized via a straightforward hydrothermal method, utilizing activated carbon as a structural and functional modifier. This modification increased the surface area from 20.3 m/g to 164.

Fission yeast GPI inositol deacylase Bst1 regulates ER-Golgi transport and functions in late stages of cytokinesis.

The Munc13/UNC-13 family protein Ync13 is essential for septum integrity and cytokinesis in fission yeast. To further explore the mechanism of Ync13 functions, spontaneous suppressors of mutants, which can suppress the colony-formation defects and lysis phenotype of mutant cells, are isolated and characterized. One of the suppressor mutants, -, shows defects in the cytokinetic contractile ring constriction, septation, and daughter-cell separation, similar to mutant.

Adaptability Analysis of to Different Hosts and Related Salivary Genes Identification.

is a significant agricultural pest primarily affecting Solanaceae plants, resulting in substantial economic losses in agriculture. Insect saliva is an intermediary between insects and plants, playing a crucial role in modulating host adaptability and plant defense. This study analyzed the adaptive differences of on four plants using the two-sex life table method.

Prediction of Potential Risk for Ten Azole and Benzimidazole Fungicides with the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Agonistic Activity to Aquatic Ecosystems.

Azole and benzimidazole fungicides are widely used agrochemicals to prevent and treat fungal growth and are frequently detected in aquatic environments. Here, we aimed to assess the aquatic ecological risks of ten currently used azole and benzimidazole fungicides, which with the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) agonistic activity, and their transformation products (TPs). We obtained over 400 types of aerobic TPs for ten fungicides.

Pepper-YOLO: an lightweight model for green pepper detection and picking point localization in complex environments.

In the cultivation of green chili peppers, the similarity between the fruit and background color, along with severe occlusion between fruits and leaves, significantly reduces the efficiency of harvesting robots. While increasing model depth can enhance detection accuracy, complex models are often difficult to deploy on low-cost agricultural devices. This paper presents an improved lightweight Pepper-YOLO model based on YOLOv8n-Pose, designed for simultaneous detection of green chili peppers and picking points.

Virtual screening and evaluation of bioactive peptides from as potential HMGCR inhibitors for hyperlipidemia treatment.

Introduction: Hyperlipidemia remains a major disease threatening global public health. The morbidity and mortality associated with cardiovascular diseases have been increasing. The inhibition of 3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase (HMGCR), a key enzyme in the cholesterol synthesis pathway, can effectively reduce cholesterol levels.

Feeding Preferences and Salivary Protein Profiles of on Species.

The invasion of the fall armyworm poses substantial threats to local agricultural safety, including the sugarcane industry. Exploring the insect-resistance mechanism is crucial for breeding resistant varieties. This study selected three representative materials from the genus─ L.

OsLOX1 positively regulates seed vigor and drought tolerance in rice.

The lipoxygenase (LOX) gene family is widely distributed in plants, and its activity is closely associated with seed viability and stress tolerance. In this study, we cloned the rice(Oryza sativa)lipoxygenase gene OsLOX1, a key participant in the 13-lipoxygenase metabolic pathway. Our primary focus was to investigate its role in mediating responses to drought stress and seed germination in rice.

Chromosome-level reference genome and annotation of the Arctic fish Anisarchus medius.

Anisarchus medius (Reinhardt, 1837) is a widely distributed Arctic fish, serving as an indicator of climate change impacts on coastal Arctic ecosystems. This study presents a chromosome-level genome assembly for A. medius using PacBio sequencing and Hi-C technology.

A CNN-based self-supervised learning framework for small-sample near-infrared spectroscopy classification.

Near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy, with its advantages of non-destructive analysis, simple operation, and fast detection speed, has been widely applied in various fields. However, the effectiveness of current spectral analysis techniques still relies on complex preprocessing and feature selection of spectral data. While data-driven deep learning can automatically extract features from raw spectral data, it typically requires large amounts of labeled data for training, limiting its application in spectral analysis.

CRISPR/Cas9-mediated mutation provides a new insight into resveratrol biosynthesis by causing a metabolic pathway shift from flavonoids to stilbenoids in cells.

Resveratrol is an important phytoalexin that adapts to and responds to stressful conditions and plays various roles in health and medical therapies. However, it is only found in a limited number of plant species in low concentrations, which hinders its development and utilization. Chalcone synthase (CHS) and stilbene synthase (STS) catalyze the same substrates to produce flavonoids and resveratrol, respectively.

Self-powered photoelectrochemical sensor based on molecularly imprinted polymer-coupled CBFO photocathode and AgS/SnS photoanode for ultrasensitive dimethoate sensing.

Dimethoate (DIM) is one of the most extensively applied organophosphorus pesticides (OPs), which is used to boost farm productivity due to its high insecticidal efficacy. However, the excessive use of DIM can result in the extensive contamination of soil, groundwater and food. Monitoring of DIM in environmental and food samples is crucial in view of its potential health risks and environmental hazards from excessive residues.

Comprehensive analysis of the xbp1 gene in Pacific abalone Haliotis discus hannai: Structure, expression, and role in heat stress response.

The present study explores the x-box binding protein 1 (xbp1) gene in Haliotis discus hannai (Pacific abalone), focusing on its structure, expression, and functional role under heat stress. Southern blot revealed two copies of xbp1 in the intestine and mantle, one in the gill and muscle, and no detection in the digestive gland. mRNA expression levels were highest in the gill, followed by the mantle, intestine, and muscle, with the digestive gland showing the lowest expression.

Design and experimental study of tillage depth control system for electric rotary tiller based on LADRC.

This paper proposes an adaptive real-time tillage depth control system for electric rotary tillers, based on Linear Active Disturbance Rejection Control (LADRC), to improve tillage depth accuracy in tea garden intercropping with soybeans. The tillage depth control system comprises a body posture sensor, a control unit, and a hybrid stepper motor, integrating sensor data to drive the motor and achieve precise depth control. Real-time displacement sensor signals are compared with target values, enabling closed-loop control of the rotary tiller.

The bHLH transcription factor DlbHLH68 positively regulates DlSPS1 expression to promote sucrose biosynthesis in longan.

Sucrose is an important factor affecting plant growth and fruit quality, but the molecular regulatory mechanism of sucrose biosynthesis in longan is not yet understood. Here, we characterized a transcription factor, DlbHLH68, positively regulates sucrose accumulation in longan. Subcellular localization and transcriptional activity analysis indicated that DlbHLH68 is a nuclear transcriptional activator.

Characterization of a highly pathogenic porcine Teschoviruses 5 emerged in Western China.

Porcine teschovirus (PTV) is a devastating virus that targets the central nervous system and led to great economic losses in Europe between the 1920s and 1960s. Since 1973, PTV variants with lower pathogenicity have been prevalent globally, whereas highly pathogenic PTV strains have rarely emerged. In 2022, diarrhea with high mortality occurred on a pig farm in Gansu China.

Identification and Characterization of Key Genes for Nitrogen Utilization from Sub-Genome in Modern Sugarcane Cultivar.

Sugarcane ( spp.) is globally considered an important crop for sugar and biofuel production. During sugarcane production, the heavy reliance on chemical nitrogen fertilizer has resulted in low nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) and high loss.

Genome-Wide Characterization of the Heat Shock Transcription Factor Gene Family in Reveals Promising Candidates for Heat Tolerance.

Heat stress transcription factors (HSFs) play a critical role in orchestrating cellular responses to elevated temperatures and various stress conditions. While extensively studied in model plants, the gene family in remains unexplored, despite the availability of its sequenced genome. In this study, we employed bioinformatics approaches to identify 21 genes within the genome, revealing their uneven distribution across chromosomes.

Nitric Oxide Pre-Treatment Advances Bulblet Dormancy Release by Mediating Metabolic Changes in .

The lily is a globally popular cut flower, and managing dormancy in lily bulblets is essential for continuous, year-round production. While nitric oxide (NO) has been shown to influence seed dormancy and germination, its role in dormancy release in lilies was previously unconfirmed. In this study, we investigated the effects of NO on dormancy release in lily bulblets using SNP and c-PTIO.

Genome Deletions and Rewiring of the Transcriptome Underlying High Antimonite Resistance in sp. SMAs-55.

Microbes have been shown to adapt to stressful or even lethal conditions through displaying genome plasticity. However, how bacteria utilize the ability of genomic plasticity to deal with high antimony (Sb) stress has remained unclear. In this study, the spontaneous mutant strain SMAs-55 of sp.

Mechanical Properties and Microstructure of Geopolymer-Based PFSS Synthesized from Excavated Loess.

Pre-mixed fluidized solidified soil (PFSS) has the advantages of pumpability, convenient construction, and a short setting time. This paper took the excavated loess in Fuzhou as the research object and used cement-fly-ash-ground granulated blast furnace slag-carbide slag as a composite geopolymer system (CFGC) to synthesize PFSS. This study investigated the fluidity and mechanical strength of PFSS under different water-solid ratios and curing agent dosages; finally, the microstructure of the composite geopolymer system-pre-mixed fluidized solidified soil (CFGC-PFSS) was characterized.

Effects of Different Stand Densities on the Composition and Diversity of Soil Microbiota in a Plantation.

As sustainable forest management gains increasing attention, comprehending the impact of stand density on soil properties and microbial communities is crucial for optimizing forest ecosystem functions. This study employed high-throughput sequencing in conjunction with soil physicochemical analysis to assess the effects of stand density on soil physicochemical properties and microbial community characteristics in Chinese fir plantations, aiming to elucidate the influence of density regulation on ecosystem services. Our results suggested that changes in soil physicochemical properties and microenvironmental conditions were key drivers of soil microbial diversity.

Maize Herbivore-Induced Volatiles Enhance Xenobiotic Detoxification in Larvae of and .

The release of herbivore-induced plant volatiles (HIPVs) has been recognized to be an important strategy for plant adaptation to herbivore attack. However, whether these induced volatiles are beneficial to insect herbivores, particularly insect larvae, is largely unknown. We used the two important highly polyphagous lepidopteran pests and to evaluate the benefit on xenobiotic detoxification of larval exposure to HIPVs released by the host plant maize ().

Mechanism of Action of CCS043 Utilizing Allelochemicals for Rhizosphere Colonization and Enhanced Infection Activity in .

is an important medicinal herb; but its long-term cultivation often leads to continuous cropping problems. The underlying cause can be attributed to the accumulation of and alterations in root exudates; which interact with soil-borne pathogens; particularly ; triggering disease outbreaks that severely affect its yield and quality. It is therefore crucial to elucidate the mechanisms by which root exudates induce CCS043 outbreaks.