Association of anti-Müllerian hormone and insulin resistance in adolescent girls with polycystic ovary syndrome.

Introduction: Insulin resistance (IR) is confirmed as an important feature among polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) patients. Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), a vital marker of ovarian dysfunction, is proposed for inclusion in the diagnosis of PCOS in adolescents. We sought to investigate the relationship between the AMH level and IR in Chinese girls with PCOS.

Azithromycin ameliorated cigarette smoke-induced airway epithelial barrier dysfunction by activating Nrf2/GCL/GSH signaling pathway.

Background: Airway epithelium is the first barrier against environmental insults, and epithelial barrier dysfunction caused by cigarette smoke (CS) is particularly relevant to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) progression. Our study was to determine whether Azithromycin (AZI) ameliorates CS-induced airway epithelial barrier dysfunction and the underlying mechanisms.

Methods: Primary bronchial epithelial cells (PBECs), human bronchial epithelial cells (HBECs), Sprague Dawley rats and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)-/- mice were pretreated with AZI and subsequently exposed to CS.

Assessment of stromal SCD-induced drug resistance of PDAC using 3D-printed zPDX model chips.

Lipid metabolism is extensively reprogrammed in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Stearoyl-coenzyme A desaturase (SCD) is a critical lipid regulator that was unexplored in PDAC. Here, we characterized the existence of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) with high SCD expression, and revealed them as an unfavorable prognostic factor.

Identification of BIK as an unfavorable prognostic marker and novel therapeutic target in microsatellite stable colorectal cancer harboring KRAS mutations.

mutations lead to persistent activation of multiple downstream effectors that drive the cancer phenotype. Approximately 30%-50% of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients harbor mutations, which confer more aggressive tumor biology and shorter overall survival (OS), especially in microsatellite stable (MSS) metastatic CRC. Given that KRAS mutant protein has been proven difficult to target directly, identifying genes that function closely with and targeting these genes seems to be a promising therapeutic strategy for -mutated MSS CRC.

Plantamajoside promotes metformin-induced apoptosis, autophagy and proliferation arrest of liver cancer cells via suppressing Akt/GSK3β signaling.

Metformin, a well-known antidiabetic drug, exhibits anticancer effect in a variety of cancers, including liver cancer. Plantamajoside (PMS), a phenylethanoid glycoside compound isolated from Plantago asiatica, is proved to possess anticancer effects, too. In our study, we hypothesized that PMS might promote metformin mediated anticancer effects on liver cancer.

Feasibility and Engagement of Multi-domain Cognitive Training in Community-Dwelling Healthy Elderly in Shanghai.

Background: In recent years, cognitive training has been one of the important non-pharmaceutical treatment methods that could delay cognitive decline and improve quality of life in the elderly. In different types of cognitive training, both the cognitive domains focused on and their training methods widely vary. This study aimed to explore the feasibility and engagement of multidomain cognitive training in Chinese community-dwelling healthy elderly.

Axial length growth difference between eyes after monocular laser refractive surgery: eight patients who underwent myopic laser ablation for both eyes at intervals of several years.

Background: Myopia is a global public health issue. Controlling myopia progression is a primary focus of myopia studies today. Peripheral retinal myopic defocus is considered the mechanism for reduced myopia progression in orthokeratology studies.

Homocysteine is an indicator of arterial stiffness in Chinese women with polycystic ovary syndrome.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease in women. Hyperhomocysteinemia (H-Hcy) is closely related to arterial stiffness (AS) in patients with cardiovascular disease. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between serum homocysteine(Hcy) level and brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) in Chinese women with PCOS.

Psychological Impact During the First Outbreak of COVID-19 on Frontline Health Care Workers in Shanghai.

The COVID-19 pandemic is a significant health threat. Health care worker (HCWs) are at a significant risk of infection which may cause high levels of psychological distress. The aim of this study was to investigate the psychological impact of the COVID-19 on HCWs and factors which were associated with these stresses during the first outbreak in Shanghai.

An antiviral drug-resistant mutant of hepatitis B virus with high replication capacity in association with a large in-frame deletion in the preS1 region of viral surface gene.

We amplified a full-length hepatitis B virus (HBV) genome from the serum of a chronic hepatitis B patient who experienced virological breakthrough with high HBV DNA titer following adefovir (ADV) therapy. The PCR product was cloned and sequencing of the six clones revealed an isolate of C2 subgenotype. Mutation(s) in the polymerase gene responsible for ADV resistance included rtA181T (all clones) and rtN236T (four clones).

Improvement of anti-Müllerian hormone and oxidative stress through regular exercise in Chinese women with polycystic ovary syndrome.

Purpose: Structured exercise is shown to be one of the most effective lifestyle interventions for women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) has been proposed as a marker of ovarian dysfunction, and oxidative stress plays an important role in the development of PCOS. We sought to investigate whether there was any effect of aerobic exercise on AMH levels and oxidative stress in Chinese PCOS women.

MiR-221/222 promote migration and invasion, and inhibit autophagy and apoptosis by modulating ATG10 in aggressive papillary thyroid carcinoma.

MicroRNA (miRNA) has been reported to exert important functions in papillary thyroid carcinomas (PTC). However, the role of miRNA in aggressive PTC (APTC) remains unclear. Here, we investigated the diagnostic potentials and mechanisms of miR-221/222 in APTC.

SCDb: an integrated database of stomach cancer.

Background: Stomach cancer (SC) is a type of cancer, which is derived from the stomach mucous membrane. As there are non-specific symptoms or no noticeable symptoms observed at the early stage, newly diagnosed SC cases usually reach an advanced stage and are thus difficult to cure. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to develop an integrated database of SC.

Resveratrol improves lipid metabolism in diabetic nephropathy rats.

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a major cause of chronic kidney disease characterized by insulin resistance and lipid deposition in tissues.  To this end, we examined the effect of Resveratrol (RES) in streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic nephropathy. RES, in a dose dependent manner, decreased the insulin resistance, and improved kidney function and lipid metabolism in STZ treated rats.

ZEB1-AS1/miR-133a-3p/LPAR3/EGFR axis promotes the progression of thyroid cancer by regulating PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway.

Background: Thyroid cancer (TC) is a member of common malignant tumors in endocrine system. To develop effective treatment, further comprehension of understanding molecular mechanism in TC is necessary. In this research, we attempted to search the underlying molecular mechanism in TC.

Expression of miR-195 and MEK1 in patients with bladder cancer and their relationship to prognosis.

Objective: MAPK kinase 1 (MEK1) plays an important role in regulating cell proliferation and apoptosis through activation of the ERK/MAPK signaling pathway. It was found that the expression of miR-195 in bladder cancer was abnormally decreased, suggesting that miR-195 may affect the development of bladder cancer. In this study, we examined the expression of miR-195 and MEK1 in bladder cancer tissues and analyzed the relationship between miR-195 and MEK1 in cell proliferation and apoptosis in bladder cancer cells.

The efficacy and safety of intravenous tranexamic acid in hip fracture surgery: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: The present meta-analysis was conducted to compare the efficacy and safety of intravenous application of tranexamic acid (TXA) with placebo in patients with hip fracture undergoing hip surgeries.

Methods: PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane Library were searched from inception until March 2018. A combined searching strategy of subject words and random words was adopted.

Structure-based derivation and intramolecular cyclization of peptide inhibitors from PD-1/PD-L1 complex interface as immune checkpoint blockade for breast cancer immunotherapy.

The interaction event between programmed death receptor-1 (PD-1) and its ligand (PD-L1) functions as an essential immune checkpoint against cytotoxic T effector cell activation. Previously, a number of small-molecule inhibitors and antibody drugs have been successfully developed to block the PD1/PDL1 signaling axis for breast cancer immunotherapy. Here, we attempt to directly disrupt the formation of PD-1/PD-L1 complex by using a self-inhibitory peptide (SIP) strategy.

Differences in hemodynamic characteristics under high packing density between the porous media model and finite element analysis in computational fluid dynamics of intracranial aneurysm virtual treatment.

Objective: This study aimed to compare the hemodynamic differences among no sac (NOS), porous media (POM) and finite element analysis (FEA) models to investigate the recurrence-related risks for coiled intracranial aneurysms (IAs).

Methods: The study enrolled 10 patients with 11 IAs who received simple coiling treatment and hemodynamic simulations were performed for all IAs using the above three models. Velocity, wall shear stress (WSS) and residual flow volume (RFV) were calculated and compared in order to assess the model differences for both aneurysm sac and parent vessel regions.

Evaluation of 24-Hour Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease with Normal Casual Blood Pressure.

This study evaluated 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure (ABP) monitoring in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) who had a normal casual blood pressure (CBP) of less than 140/90 mmHg. A total of 350 patients with CKD (Stages 1-5) and a normal CBP were included, and 24-hour ABPs were monitored. Of these patients, 147 patients (42.

A promising non-invasive index for predicting liver inflammation in chronic hepatitis B patients with alanine aminotransferase ≤2 upper limit of normal.

Inexpensive and simple non-invasive indexes for predicting liver inflammation are urgently required, but have been poorly studied in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients with alanine transaminase (ALT) ≤2 times the upper limit of normal (ULN). A total of 356 CHB patients with ALT ≤2 ULN who presented at Huashan Hospital (n=181) and the First Hospital of Quanzhou (n=175) were enrolled and randomly divided into an experimental assessment cohort (n=238) and validation cohort (n=118) at a ratio of 2:1. Histological analysis of liver tissue was performed to determine the pathological stage according to the Scheuer scoring system.

Long Stress Induced Non-Coding Transcripts 5 (LSINCT5) Promotes Hepatocellular Carcinoma Progression Through Interaction with High-Mobility Group AT-hook 2 and MiR-4516.

BACKGROUND Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been implicated in various human cancer types. However, the underlying mechanisms involved in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) progression remain poorly understood. MATERIAL AND METHODS In this study, lncRNA array was used to identify HCC related lncRNAs.

Inferring Novel Tumor Suppressor Genes with a Protein-Protein Interaction Network and Network Diffusion Algorithms.

Extensive studies on tumor suppressor genes (TSGs) are helpful to understand the pathogenesis of cancer and design effective treatments. However, identifying TSGs using traditional experiments is quite difficult and time consuming. Developing computational methods to identify possible TSGs is an alternative way.

The characteristics of ctDNA reveal the high complexity in matching the corresponding tumor tissues.

Background: Next-generation sequencing (NGS) is an efficient and sensitive method to detect mutations from ctDNA. Many features and clinical conditions could significantly affect the concordance between ctDNA and corresponding tumor tissues. Our goal was to systematically investigate the critical factors contributing to different concordance between ctDNA and corresponding tumor tissues.

Influences of mesoporous magnesium calcium silicate on mineralization, degradability, cell responses, curcumin release from macro-mesoporous scaffolds of gliadin based biocomposites.

Macro-mesoporous scaffolds based on wheat gliadin (WG)/mesoporous magnesium calcium silicate (m-MCS) biocomposites (WMC) were developed for bone tissue regeneration. The increasing amount of m-MCS significantly improved the mesoporosity and water absorption of WMC scaffolds while slightly decreased their compressive strength. With the increase of m-MCS content, the degradability of WMC scaffolds was obviously enhanced, and the decrease of pH value could be slow down after soaking in Tris-HCl solution for different time.