Machine learning-based pan-cancer study of classification and mechanism of BRAF inhibitor resistance.

Background: V-raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B1 (BRAF) inhibitor (BRAFi) therapy resistance affects approximately 15% of cancer patients, leading to disease recurrence and poor prognosis. The aim of the study was to develop a machine-learning based method to identify patients who are at high-risk of BRAFi resistance and potential biomarker.

Methods: From Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia (CCLE) and Genomics of Drug Sensitivity in Cancer (GDSC) databases, we collected RNA sequencing and half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC) data from 235 pan-cancer cell lines and then identified 37 significant differential expression genes associated with BRAFi resistance.

Prediction values of different lymph nodes staging systems for survival of children with Wilms tumor.

Background: Wilms tumor is one of the most common pediatric kidney cancers with poor prognosis. This study aims to explore the predictive values of lymph nodes (LNs), positive lymph node density (LND) and log odds of positive lymph nodes (LODDS) for the 5-year mortality of children with Wilms tumor.

Methods: The cohort study collected the data of 874 participants with Wilms tumor in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database.

Postoperative analgesia with morphine promoting microglial activation and neuroinflammation induced by surgery aggravates perioperative neurocognitive dysfunction in aged mice.

Introduction: Perioperative neurocognitive dysfunction (PND) is a significant challenge for patients who need surgery worldwide. Morphine can trigger an intense inflammatory reaction in the central nervous system (CNS) at the same time as analgesia, thus adverse effects aggravating PND. Microglia polarization is closely involved in the regulation of neuroinflammation and the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway.

Small nucleolar RNA 42 facilitates the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma through PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.

Small nucleolar RNAs may serve as new potential biomarkers for the diagnosis and treatment of liver cancer. The purpose of our study was to reveal the mechanism small nucleolar RNA 42 (SNORA42) affects the proliferation and migration of liver cancer cells. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was performed to detect the expression of SNORA42 and its host gene.

Improved Mechanistic Modeling on Reproducing Particle-Bound Mercury in the Marine Atmosphere.

Mercury (Hg) is a neurotoxic pollutant that is ubiquitous on the planet and receives global concern because of its adverse health effects. Particle-bound Hg formation in the atmosphere stems mainly from the adsorption of reactive gaseous Hg on aerosol particles, particularly sea salt aerosol. However, the observed comparable abundance of Hg over Hg in the marine atmosphere has not been reproduced by traditional statistics-based schemes, which were constructed by continental observations.

Digital devices usage and neck and shoulder pain among college students: a cross-sectional study in China.

Neck and shoulder pain (NSP) is a common issue among college students, yet no studies have linked digital device usage to NSP prevalence in China. This cross-sectional survey aimed to explore this relationship among students in Shanghai. A total of 6,000 students were randomly selected, with 4,848 (80.

Left atrioventricular coupling index assessed with three-dimensional echocardiography: a prognostic marker of short-term outcomes in light-chain cardiac amyloidosis.

Background: Light-chain cardiac amyloidosis (AL-CA) is associated with structural and functional changes in the left atrium and left ventricle. This study aims to assess the value of the left atrioventricular coupling index (LACI) assessed by three-dimensional echocardiography (3DE) for predicting primary outcome in AL-CA.

Methods: Participants with biopsy-confirmed AL-CA from April 2022 to February 2024 were prospectively analysed.

Association between domain-specific physical activity and triglyceride‑glucose (TyG) index among US adults: Evidence from NHANES 2007-2018.

Objectives: The triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index is not only a reliable marker for insulin resistance, but also has broad applications in assessing the risk of various diseases, including cardiovascular disease, stroke, depression, and Alzheimer's disease. The study aims to investigate the relationship between domain-specific moderate- or vigorous-intensity physical activity (MVPA) and TyG index among US adults.

Methods: The participants from the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) (2007-2018) were included.

Molecular subtype of ovarian clear cell carcinoma: an analysis of 80 Chinese patients using the TCGA molecular classification of endometrial cancer.

Background: To assess the utility of the TCGA molecular classification of endometrial cancer in a well-annotated, moderately sized, consecutive cohort of Chinese patients with ovarian clear cell carcinoma (OCCC).

Methods: We performed DNA sequencing on 80 OCCC patients via a panel that contains 520 cancer-related genes. The TCGA molecular subtyping method was utilized for classification.

Ferroelectricity with concomitant Coulomb screening in van der Waals heterostructures.

Interfacial ferroelectricity emerges in non-centrosymmetric heterostructures consisting of non-polar van der Waals (vdW) layers. Ferroelectricity with concomitant Coulomb screening can switch topological currents or superconductivity and simulate synaptic response. So far, it has only been realized in bilayer graphene moiré superlattices, posing stringent requirements to constituent materials and twist angles.

Rightward brain structural asymmetry in young children with autism.

To understand the neural mechanism of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and developmental delay/intellectual disability (DD/ID) that can be associated with ASD, it is important to investigate individuals at an early stage with brain, behavioural and also genetic measures, but such research is still lacking. Here, using the cross-sectional sMRI data of 1030 children under 8 years old, we employed developmental normative models to investigate the atypical development of gray matter volume (GMV) asymmetry in individuals with ASD without DD/ID, ASD with DD/ID and individuals with only DD/ID, and their associations with behavioral and clinical measures and transcription profiles. By extracting the individual deviations of patients from the typical controls with normative models, we found a commonly abnormal pattern of GMV asymmetry across all ASD children: more rightward laterality in the inferior parietal lobe and precentral gyrus, and higher individual variability in the temporal pole.

Diffusion-weighted MRI of advanced gastric cancer: correlations of the apparent diffusion coefficient with Borrmann classification, proliferation and aggressiveness.

Objectives: This study aimed to compare apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values derived from diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) of different Borrmann types of advanced gastric cancer (AGC) and correlate these ADC values with Ki-67 expression and serum CEA levels in AGC.

Methods: A total of 84 patients with AGC who underwent DWI of the upper abdomen before tumor resection in our hospital between June 2014 and July 2018 were included in the present study. DWI was obtained with a single-shot echo planar imaging sequence in the axial plane (b values: 0, 100, 700 and 1000 s/mm).

Ancient DNA reveals reproductive barrier despite shared Avar-period culture.

After a long-distance migration, Avars with Eastern Asian ancestry arrived in Eastern Central Europe in 567 to 568 CE and encountered groups with very different European ancestry. We used ancient genome-wide data of 722 individuals and fine-grained interdisciplinary analysis of large seventh- to eighth-century CE neighbouring cemeteries south of Vienna (Austria) to address the centuries-long impact of this encounter. We found that even 200 years after immigration, the ancestry at one site (Leobersdorf) remained dominantly East Asian-like, whereas the other site (Mödling) shows local, European-like ancestry.

Integrated bioinformatics analysis identified cuproptosis-related hub gene Mpeg1 as potential biomarker in spinal cord injury.

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a profound ailment lacking a well-defined molecular mechanism and effective treatments. Cuproptosis, identified as a recently discovered cell death pathway, exhibits diverse roles in various cancers. Nevertheless, its involvement in SCI is yet to be elucidated.

m6A-modified circSTX6 as a key regulator of cervical cancer malignancy via SPI1 and IL6/JAK2/STAT3 pathways.

In recent years, circRNAs have garnered increasing attention for their role in cervical cancer. However, the functions of many newly identified circRNAs remain unclear and require further exploration. In this study, we investigated the expression and oncogenic potential of the novel circRNA circSTX6 in cervical cancer.

Structural basis of phosphate export by human XPR1.

Phosphorus in crucial for all living organisms. In vertebrate, cellular phosphate homeostasis is partly controlled by XPR1, a poorly characterized inositol pyrophosphate-dependent phosphate exporter. Here, we report the cryo-EM structure of human XPR1, which forms a loose dimer with 10 transmembrane helices (TM) in each protomer.

PPDock: Pocket Prediction-Based Protein-Ligand Blind Docking.

Predicting the docking conformation of a ligand in the protein binding site (pocket), i.e., protein-ligand docking, is crucial for drug discovery.

The efficacy and safety of thymosin α1 for sepsis (TESTS): multicentre, double blinded, randomised, placebo controlled, phase 3 trial.

Objective: To evaluate whether the immunomodulatory drug thymosin α1 reduces mortality in adults with sepsis.

Design: Multicentre, double blinded, placebo controlled phase 3 trial.

Setting: 22 centres in China, September 2016 to December 2020.

Neural decoding reveals dynamic patterns of visual chunk memory processes.

Chunk memory constitutes the basic unit that manages long-term memory and converts it into immediate decision-making processes, it remains unclear how to interpret and organize incoming information to form effective chunk memory. This paper investigates electroencephalography (EEG) patterns from the perspective of time-domain feature extraction using chunk memory in visual statistical learning and combines time-resolved multivariate pattern analysis (MVPA). The GFP and MVPA results revealed that chunk memory processes occurred during specific time windows in the learning phase.

Advances in the Development of Microarray Patches in Biomedicine.

Microarray patches (MAPs) have been employed to deliver therapeutic payloads and for detection purposes. Research has been conducted to develop novel designs in material chemistry and the architecture of microarray, which have opened up the possibility for broader applications of MAPs. However, MAPs have yet to be clinically implemented fully.

Optimal Treatment Strategy for Central Nervous System Non-Germinomatous Germ Cell Tumors: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background: To determine the optimal treatment modality for central nervous system (CNS) non-germinomatous germ cell tumors (NGGCTs).

Materials And Methods: A search of Medline, Embase, Web of Science and Cochrane Library was conducted up to September 30, 2024. All studies were considered, covering all CNS NGGCT patients with an informative treatment approach.

Recent advances in the synthesis and application of biomolecular condensates.

Biomolecular condensates (BMCs) represent a group of organized and programmed systems that participate in gene transcription, chromosome organization, cell division, tumorigenesis, and aging. However, the understanding of BMCs in terms of internal organizations and external regulations remains at an early stage. Recently, novel approaches such as synthetic biology have been used for de novo synthesis of BMCs.

Gut know-how: IL-22 from T cells boosts stress resilience.

Immune activation during sustained stress typically worsens stress-related psychopathology. Whether it can enhance stress resilience remains unclear. In this issue of Immunity, Xia, Lu, Lan et al.

Oral administration of Folium Artemisiae Argyi-derived exosome-like nanovesicles can improve ulcerative colitis by regulating intestinal microorganisms.

Background: Ulcerative colitis (UC), an inflammatory disease characterized by intestinal barrier dysfunction, poses significant challenges because of the toxicity and adverse effects commonly associated with conventional therapies. Safer and more efficacious treatment strategies are needed.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to treat UC with Folium Artemisiae Argyi exosome-like nanovesicles (FAELNs) and to explore its related mechanism to provide a safer and more effective means for the treatment of ulcerative colitis.