Abnormal individualized functional connectivity: A potential stimulation target for pediatric tourette syndrome.

Objective: In order to examine whether individualized peak functional connectivity could potentially serve as a target for repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) therapy, we investigated the location of peak functional connectivity (FC) between the cortical motor area and the key brain region, the globus pallidus internus (GPi), in Tourette syndrome, and explored the relationship between the severity of the disease and these aberrant functional connections.

Methods: The study involved a cohort of 103 children diagnosed with Tourette syndrome and 66 age-matched typically developing children. The GPi was served as the seed, and the study compared individualized peak FC strength in the supplementary motor area (SMA) and premotor area between the two groups.

Verbal-Cue Rehabilitation Exercises Are Effective for the Mixed Callosal-Frontal Variant of Alien Hand Syndrome Following Stroke.

Alien hand syndrome (AHS) is a rare condition in which a brain-injured patient develops involuntary movements, particularly in the upper limbs, along with difficulty in controlling them and a loss of ownership of the affected hand. AHS is traditionally classified into frontal, callosal, and occipital types. Recently, mixed types have also been reported.

Frontal Glioblastoma Presenting With Catatonia: A Case Report.

This case highlights the need for thorough medical and neurological screening before making any psychiatric diagnosis, even if the patient has a classical syndromic presentation. Presented here is a case of a female in her late 40s coming to our psychiatric outpatient with symptoms suggestive of catatonia. She was treated at a private clinic for depression.

The Effect of a Caffeine and Nicotine Combination on Nicotine Withdrawal Syndrome in Mice.

Nicotine dependence is an important cause of excessive exposure to tobacco combustion compounds in most smokers. Nicotine replacement therapy is the main method to treat nicotine dependence, but it still has its shortcomings, such as the inability to mitigate withdrawal effects and limited applicability. It has been hypothesized that a combination of low-dose nicotine and caffeine could achieve the same psychological stimulation effect as a high dose of nicotine without causing nicotine withdrawal effects.

On Metacognition: Overconfidence in Word Recall Prediction and Its Association with Psychotic Symptoms in Patients with Schizophrenia.

Unlabelled: A two-factor account has been proposed as an explanatory model for the formation and maintenance of delusions. The first factor refers to a neurocognitive process leading to a significant change in subjective experience; the second factor has been regarded as a failure in hypothesis evaluation characterized by an impairment in metacognitive ability. This study was focused on the assessment of metacognition in patients with schizophrenia.

When Walter Freeman Came to Town: The Prefrontal Lobotomy at Rochester State Hospital.

In the United States, frontal lobe lesioning procedures have been uniformly linked to the neurologist Walter Freeman, although the prefrontal lobotomy was investigated in other institutions in the United States, the United Kingdom, Europe, Russia, Japan, and China, mostly in patients with psychosis, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and/or intractable pain syndromes. These procedures were based on earlier reports of improvement of psychiatric symptoms after surgical resection of frontal lobe tumors and led many to infer a causal relationship between frontal lobe dysfunction and abnormal behavior. Freeman first visited Rochester, MN, as a medical student in a gastrointestinal laboratory at the Mayo Clinic.

Frontotemporal lobar degeneration changes neuronal beta-frequency dynamics during the mismatch negativity response.

The consequences of frontotemporal lobar degeneration include changes in prefrontal cortical neurophysiology, with abnormalities of neural dynamics reported in the beta frequency range (14-30 Hz) that correlate with functional severity. We examined beta dynamics in two clinical syndromes associated with frontotemporal lobar degeneration: the behavioral variant of frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD) and progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP). Whilst these two syndromes are partially convergent in cognitive effects, they differ in disease mechanisms such as molecular pathologies and prefrontal atrophy.

"Apathetic look" is a valuable indicator of intraoperative supplementary motor area syndrome during awake craniotomy.

Resection of a glioma from the dorsomedial frontal lobe, including the supplementary motor area (SMA), can result in postoperative SMA syndrome. SMA syndrome may occur during awake craniotomies. However, it is often difficult to intraoperatively distinguish between motor dysfunction due to pyramidal tract damage from that due to SMA syndrome.

The impact of tonsillectomy and/or adenoidectomy on cognitive function and brain structure in pediatric patients with OSAHS.

Background: Tonsillectomy and/or adenoidectomy can treat children with obstructive sleep apnea/hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS).

Objective: This study investigated the effects of tonsillectomy and/or adenoidectomy on cognitive function and brain structure in children with OSAHS.

Methods: This study included 40 obstructive sleep apnea/hypopnea syndrome children and 40 healthy children.

Functional connectivity of sensorimotor network before and after surgery in the supplementary motor area.

After resective glioma surgery in the Supplementary Motor Area (SMA), patients often experience a transient disturbance of the ability to initiate speech and voluntary motor actions, known as the SMA syndrome (SMAS). It has been proposed that enhanced interhemispheric functional connectivity (FC) within the sensorimotor system may serve as a potential mechanism for recovery, enabling the non-resected SMA to assume the function of the resected region. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the extent to which changes in FC can be observed in patients after resolution of the SMAS.

MeCP2 Deficiency Alters the Response Selectivity of Prefrontal Cortical Neurons to Different Social Stimuli.

Rett syndrome (RTT), a severe neurodevelopmental disorder caused by mutations in the MeCP2 gene, is characterized by cognitive and social deficits. Previous studies have noted hypoactivity in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) pyramidal neurons of MeCP2-deficient mice (RTT mice) in response to both social and nonsocial stimuli. To further understand the neural mechanisms behind the social deficits of RTT mice, we monitored excitatory pyramidal neurons in the prelimbic region of the mPFC during social interactions in mice.

Reducing pain by improving brain and muscle activity with motor cortical neuromodulation in women with interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome: a study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.

Introduction: Interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (IC/BPS) is a chronic pain condition creating a wide range of urologic and pain symptoms. There is currently limited evidence to understand the mechanisms of IC/BPS. There have been recent studies suggesting that altered function in brain motor areas, particularly the supplementary motor cortex (SMA), relates to altered bladder sensorimotor control and may play an important role in IC/BPS.

Bilateral Todd's paralysis in a patient with left fronto-opercular epilepsy.

Postictal paresis ("Todd's paralysis") is commonly observed as a unilateral, transient motor weakness, lasting minutes to hours, after focal or focal to bilateral tonic-clonic seizures, contralateral to the epileptogenic zone. Bilateral postictal paresis is exceedingly rare and could be misinterpreted, especially if the preceding convulsive phase was not witnessed. An 18-year-old right-handed male patient with refractory focal epilepsy with seizure onset at age 3 years, was admitted for presurgical video-EEG monitoring.