6,005 results match your criteria: "Frontal Lobe Syndromes"

Child Neurology: Neurophysiologic and Anatomical Correlates in Startle Epilepsy: A Comprehensive SEEG Investigation for Successful Resective Surgery.

Neurology

January 2025

From the Department of Neurological Surgery (J.K., S.H.H.), Asan Medical Center; and Department of Pediatrics (M.-J.K., M.-S.Y., T.-S.K.), Asan Medical Center Children's Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.

Startle epilepsy, characterized by startle-provoked epileptic seizures, was historically recognized as one of the reflex epilepsies but currently lacks classification as a specific epileptic syndrome because of insufficient characterization. This study presents an institutional experience and review of relevant literature focusing on the neurophysiologic and anatomical aspects of startle epilepsy. We describe a pediatric patient with an underlying structural etiology of left frontal encephalomalacia who continued to experience disabling seizures despite multiple antiseizure medications and previous palliative surgery.

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We aimed to define the clinical features and outcomes of encephalitis associated with anti-GAD65 Abs. In addition, we reviewed cases published in the literature with GAD65 encephalitis. We retrospectively studied 482 consecutive patients attending a tertiary care center for evaluation of an autoimmune neurological disorder.

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Association of Early fMRI Connectivity Alterations With Different Cognitive Phenotypes in Patients With Newly Diagnosed Parkinson Disease.

Neurology

January 2025

From the IRCCS Neuromed (M.I.D.B., G.L., S.P., A.C., A.B., G.F., P.P., D.B.), Pozzilli; Department of Human Neurosciences (A.O., G.L., C.P., S.P., M.C., F.D.A., S.B., R.M., G.B., A.C., A.B., G.F., P.P., D.B.), Sapienza University of Rome; Department of Microscopic and Ultrastructural Anatomy (G.V.), Campus Biomedico University of Rome; Department of Neuroscience (M.C.), Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome; and Cognitive and Motor Rehabilitation and Neuroimaging Unit (F.D.A.), IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy.

Background And Objectives: According to the dual syndrome hypothesis, patients with Parkinson disease (PD) with visuospatial deficits are more likely to progress to dementia, compared with patients with a prevalent dysexecutive syndrome. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether early connectivity changes in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and the precuneus (PCun)-which are critical to fronto-executive and visuospatial functions, respectively-can identify distinct cognitive phenotypes in cognitively intact newly diagnosed patients with PD.

Methods: Newly diagnosed, drug-naïve patients with PD (≤2 years from clinical onset) with normal Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), were consecutively enrolled from our Movement Disorders Clinics in Italy.

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To investigate the clinical features and prognosis of neuro-Behçet's syndrome (NBS) in children. The clinical, brain magnetic resonance imaging and laboratory data of 5 children with NBS diagnosed in the Department of Pediatrics, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University and Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Capital Institute of Pediatrics from April 2014 to April 2024 were analyzed retrospectively. The follow-up method was retrospective outpatient or inpatient visit to evaluate the treatment effect of NBS.

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Objectives: Vascular Eagle syndrome (ES) is a rare condition involving vessel compression by an elongated styloid process, leading to neurologic symptoms. Here, we present the case of a patient with a complication of carotid artery stenting for vascular ES and discuss the implications of treatment of this rare condition.

Case Description: A 35-year-old previously healthy male patient presented with transient aphasia and right-sided hemiparesis following ischemic stroke in left frontal lobe.

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Favorable outcomes and FDG-PET changes following tocilizumab treatment for febrile infection-related epilepsy syndrome in a child.

Int Immunopharmacol

December 2024

Department of Pediatrics, the First Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China; Senior Department of Pediatrics, the Seventh Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China; Medical School of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing, China. Electronic address:

Febrile Infection-Related Epilepsy Syndrome (FIRES) is an infrequent yet severe form of epilepsy that rapidly evolves into status epilepticus following a febrile episode. Prompt diagnosis coupled with effective treatment strategies is critical for improving patient outcomes. Herein, we describe the case of an 11-year-old male with FIRES who was successfully treated with tocilizumab, resulting in no further seizures or residual disability.

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Rationale: This study aims to present a case of cerebellar dysplastic ganglioneuroma, which is commonly referred to as Lhermitte-Duclos disease (LDD). Furthermore, the study aims to provide an extensive review of the essential aspects of LDD, thereby providing essential information for its accurate diagnosis and effective treatment.

Patient Concerns: A 54-year-old woman was admitted with symptoms of headache, facial numbness, and a visible cerebellar mass.

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Article Synopsis
  • - Gliomatosis cerebri (GC) is a rare brain cancer that presents with vague symptoms, often including parkinsonism and neurocognitive issues, making it hard to diagnose.
  • - A 78-year-old patient with no significant medical history experienced worsening balance, tremors, and cognitive decline, leading to an MRI that indicated abnormal white matter changes.
  • - A biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of GC as diffuse astrocytoma, emphasizing that MRI is crucial for diagnosis, but a biopsy is necessary for confirmation due to the nonspecific nature of symptoms.
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Although most adults in the United States will drink alcohol in their life, only ∼6% will go on to develop an alcohol use disorder (AUD). While a great deal of work has furthered our understanding of the cycle of addiction, it remains unclear why certain people transition to disordered drinking. Altered activity in regions implicated in AUDs, like the basolateral amygdala (BLA), has been suggested to play a role in the pathophysiology of AUDs, but how these networks contribute to alcohol misuse remains unclear.

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[The relationship between auditory verbal hallucination and gray matter volume and cortical thicknessin first-episode childhood-onset schizophrenia].

Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi

December 2024

Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Xinxiang453002, China.

To analyze the relationship of gray matter volume and cortical thickness of auditory verbal hallucination in first-episode childhood-onset schizophrenia(COS). Sixty cases of first-episode childhood-onset schizophrenia who were treated in the inpatient department of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University from October 2020 to February 2024 were collected(case group).Thirty-two healthy students from a primary and secondary school in Xinxiang city were the control group.

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Reward functioning in posttraumatic stress disorder, metabolic syndrome, and psychological resilience.

Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging

January 2025

Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Francie van Zijl Drive, Tygerberg 7505, Cape Town, South Africa; Genomics of Brain Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, South Africa.

Background: Reward system dysfunction may play a role in the comorbidity of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Psychological resilience, through its effects on the reward system, may modulate outcomes in PTSD. Utilising a monetary incentive delay task during functional magnetic resonance imaging in a case-control study (PTSD, n = 88, trauma-exposed controls [TEC], n = 85), we aimed to investigate reward system function in relation to PTSD, MetS, and psychological resilience.

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Article Synopsis
  • Both Down syndrome (DS) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) show selective vulnerability in certain neuron populations, particularly affecting memory and executive functions through degeneration of pyramidal neurons (PNs).
  • Research used RNA-sequencing to analyze PNs in the prefrontal cortex (specifically Brodmann area 9) in postmortem brains from individuals with DS and matched controls, revealing significant gene dysregulation that differs between two layers of neurons.
  • Findings indicate that DS impacts gene regulation specifically in different neuron layers, with layer III showing more unique dysregulation relevant to early AD, suggesting potential pathways for understanding the relationship between DS and AD.
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Acute Paraoxon-Induced Neurotoxicity in a Mouse Survival Model: Oxidative Stress, Dopaminergic System Alterations and Memory Deficits.

Int J Mol Sci

November 2024

Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Pharmacology Section and Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.

Article Synopsis
  • The study investigates the secondary neurotoxicity resulting from severe organophosphorus (OP) poisoning, specifically paraoxon (POX), and its impact on cognitive functions in surviving mice.
  • Mice were injected with POX followed by various treatments, resulting in high survival rates but significant neurological changes such as increased lipid peroxidation and alterations in neurotransmitter levels in key brain areas linked to memory.
  • Despite no signs of depression or anxiety, the study found long-term memory impairments in the mice, highlighting the model's usefulness for exploring the effects of OP exposure and strategies to combat associated cognitive deficits.
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Temozolomide (TMZ)-levetiracetam (LEV) combination therapy in glioblastoma management is gradually becoming a mainstay treatment given its superior effect compared with TMZ monotherapy. While there have been previous cases of hepatotoxicity, there are no prior reports of vanishing bile duct syndrome (VBDS) associated with TMZ-LEV combination use. This case report details a male in his 50s who had recently completed TMZ and LEV for right frontal lobe glioblastoma.

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Objective: To compare gray matter (GM) and white matter (WM) changes in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD), Lewy body dementias (LBD), corticobasal syndrome (CBS), and healthy controls (HC).

Methods: Surface-based morphometry (SBM) was assessed on 3D T1-weighted images using FreeSurfer image analysis and WM microstructure was studied using Tract-Based Spatial Statistics (TBSS) in 12 AD, 15 LBD, 10 CBS patients, and 10 HC.

Results: Patients with AD, compared with HC, exhibited reduced cortical surface area and volume in the superior frontal, middle frontal, and medial orbitofrontal cortex.

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Emotion-related impulsivity is related to orbitofrontal cortical sulcation.

Cortex

December 2024

Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA; Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA; Department of Neuroscience, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA. Electronic address:

Background: Emotion-related impulsivity (ERI) describes the trait-like tendency toward poor self-control when experiencing strong emotions. ERI has been shown to be elevated across psychiatric disorders and predictive of the onset and worsening of psychiatric syndromes. Recent work has correlated ERI scores with the region-level neuroanatomical properties of the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), but not posteromedial cortex (PMC).

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Objectives Our study aimed to investigate the fronto-cerebellar volumes in both patients and controls, as well as explore their relationship with symptomatology. Our primary objectives were to compare the frontal and cerebellar lobe volumetric measurements between patients with first-episode schizophrenia (FES) and healthy controls and to assess the relationship of these volumes with psychopathology, cognition, and neurological soft signs in FES patients. The secondary objective was to explore the association of fronto-cerebellar lobe volumes with socio-demographic factors among patients and controls, as well as the duration of untreated illness (DUI) among patients.

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Comparative analysis of processing speed impairments in TLE, FLE, and GGE: Theoretical insights and clinical Implications.

Epilepsy Behav Rep

October 2024

Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Queen's University, 18 Stuart St, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada.

In this narrative review, we explore the differences in processing speed (PS) impairments among three epilepsy conditions; Temporal Lobe Epilepsy (TLE), Frontal Lobe Epilepsy (FLE) and Genetic Generalized Epilepsy (GGE) with a focus on Juvenile Myoclonic Epilepsy (JME). Despite the large body of research focusing on cognition in epilepsy, the intricacies of PS impairments in the epilepsy syndromes have not been fully explored. We investigate the cognitive profiles with focus on PS associated with each of the three conditions, and the neuropsychological methods employed.

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Background: Supplementary motor area (SMA) syndrome commonly occurs after glioma resection and requires weeks to months of recovery.

Methods: Thirty-four glioma patients with SMA syndrome were reviewed and assigned to recovered and non-recovered groups based on whether their motor function recovered on postoperative day 7. To validate the association between variations in nodal properties and recovery time, neuro-navigated repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (nrTMS) was applied to stimulate potential nodes.

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Parkinsonism plus syndrome in neurosyphilis: Clinical insights and brain imaging.

Infect Dis Now

December 2024

National Center for Infectious Disease, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100015, China; Department of Neurology, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100015, China. Electronic address:

Background: While Parkinsonism plus syndrome (PPS) is one of several atypical manifestations in neurosyphilis patients, its clinical features and brain-related manifestations are inadequately documented. In this cross-sectional study, we endeavored to indicate some key clinical and imaging features of neurosyphilis patients, particularly those specific to PPS.

Methods: We retrospectively included all syphilis patients enrolled in the study from January 2021 to February 2024.

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Article Synopsis
  • * The study focused on evaluating the mutation status of IDH-1, ATRX, and p53 in glioma biopsies, finding a notable IDH-1 mutation in 43.9% of cases, which was associated with specific clinical features.
  • * Results showed that IDH-1 mutations were prevalent in lower-grade tumors and linked to lower tumor proliferation rates, while ATRX and p53 mutations were also common and correlated with the astrocytic tumor type.
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Article Synopsis
  • Cushing's syndrome (CS) has significant neurocognitive and psychiatric impacts that reduce quality of life, prompting a systematic review of affected patients compared to healthy controls and those with non-functioning pituitary adenomas (NFPA).
  • The study analyzed 40 eligible research papers, identifying 2603 participants, 45.2% of whom had Cushing's disease (CD), with a focus on their psychiatric symptoms and cognitive performance before and after surgical treatment.
  • Findings indicate that higher baseline cortisol levels in patients with CS correlate with worse cognitive function, even post-surgery, and prolonged periods of uncontrolled CS may lead to persistent cognitive challenges.
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