An Open-Source Curriculum to Teach Practical Academic Research Skills.

Academic productivity is important for career advancement, yet not all trainees have access to structured research programs. Without formal teaching, acquiring practical skills for research can be challenging. A comprehensive research course that teaches practical skills to translate ideas into publications could accelerate trainees' productivity and liberate faculty mentors' time.

How Postoperative Infection Affects Reoperations after Implant-based Breast Reconstruction: A National Claims Analysis of Abandonment of Reconstruction.

Unlabelled: Infection after implant-based breast reconstruction adversely affects surgical outcomes and increases healthcare utilization. This study aimed to quantify how postimplant breast reconstruction infections impact unplanned reoperations, hospital length of stay, and discontinuation of initially desired breast reconstruction.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study using Optum's de-identifed Clinformatics Data Mart Database to analyze women undergoing implant breast reconstruction from 2003 to 2019.

Simultaneously Acquired MRI Arterial Spin-Labeling and Interictal FDG-PET Improves Diagnosis of Pediatric Temporal Lobe Epilepsy.

Background And Purpose: Interictal FDG-PET scans are a routine diagnostic technique for the identification of epileptogenic foci in the presurgical work-up of medically refractory pediatric epilepsy. With the advent of PET/MR imaging, it has become possible to simultaneously acquire FDG-PET and arterial spin-labeling perfusion data. The objective of this study was to evaluate whether the incorporation of arterial spin-labeling data with interictal FDG-PET could improve the diagnostic performance metrics of FDG-PET for identification of epileptogenic foci.

The Impact of Subspecialty Fellows on Orthopaedic Resident Surgical Experience: A Multicenter Study of 51,111 Cases.

Introduction: Meaningful participation in surgery is important for orthopaedic resident education. This study aimed to quantify the effect of fellows on resident surgical experience. We hypothesized that as fellowship programs expanded, resident caseload would decrease, whereas "double-scrubbed" cases would increase.

Variable Refocusing Flip Angle Single-Shot Imaging for Sedation-Free Fast Brain MRI.

Background And Purpose: Conventional single-shot FSE commonly used for fast MRI may be suboptimal for brain evaluation due to poor image contrast, SNR, or image blurring. We investigated the clinical performance of variable refocusing flip angle single-shot FSE, a variation of single-shot FSE with lower radiofrequency energy deposition and potentially faster acquisition time, as an alternative approach to fast brain MR imaging.

Materials And Methods: We retrospectively compared half-Fourier single-shot FSE with half- and full-Fourier variable refocusing flip angle single-shot FSE in 30 children.

Assessing Gaze Patterns in Common Cosmetic Procedures With Eye-Tracking Technology.

Background: Understanding the salient features that draw focus when assessing aesthetics is important for maximizing perceived outcomes. Eye-tracking technology provides an unbiased method for determining the features that draw attention when evaluating aesthetic plastic surgery. This study aimed to characterize viewing patterns of plastic surgery patients and laypeople when assessing facial cosmetic procedure images.

An Evaluation of the Utility of the Breast Reconstruction Risk Assessment Score Risk Model in Prepectoral Tissue Expander Breast Reconstruction.

Introduction: Individualized postsurgical risk assessment models provide surgeons and patients with information that is vital to the surgical decision-making process. One such tool, the Breast Reconstruction Risk Assessment (BRA) score, uses a limited selection of patient-specific factors to predict 30-day postsurgical risk of surgical site infection, seroma, dehiscence, reoperation and explantation associated with immediate submuscular tissue expander breast reconstruction. This model's performance in prepectoral tissue expander reconstruction has not been previously reported.

Assessing the Accuracy of a 3-Dimensional Surface Imaging System in Breast Volume Estimation.

Background: Preoperative prediction of breast volume can guide patient expectations and aid surgical planning in breast reconstruction. Here, we evaluate the accuracy of a portable surface imager (Crisalix S.A.

Estrogen and Progesterone Receptor Testing in Breast Cancer: American Society of Clinical Oncology/College of American Pathologists Guideline Update.

Purpose.—: To update key recommendations of the American Society of Clinical Oncology/College of American Pathologists estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PgR) testing in breast cancer guideline.

Methods.

Eponyms are here to stay: Usage in the literature and among current neurology trainees.

Objective: To assess the historical trends of medical eponym use in neurology literature and knowledge and attitudes among current trainees related to eponyms.

Methods: A comprehensive list of medical eponyms compiled from multiple online and print sources was queried against the titles and abstracts of PubMed articles authored by neurologists to assess historical prevalence in the literature from 1988 to 2013. We also surveyed current neurology trainees and trainees who have matched for residency in neurology, but not yet started neurology training, on their familiarity and attitudes toward eponyms.

Thrombectomy Results in Reduced Hospital Stay, More Home-Time, and More Favorable Living Situations in DEFUSE 3.

Background and Purpose- The DEFUSE 3 trial (Endovascular Therapy Following Imaging Evaluation for Ischemic Stroke) demonstrated that endovascular thrombectomy in the 6- to 16-hour time window improves functional outcomes of patients with evidence of salvageable tissue on baseline computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging. The purpose of this study is to assess the effect of endovascular therapy on length of hospital stay, home-time during the first 3 months poststroke, and living situation poststroke in DEFUSE 3. Methods- Duration of hospital stay and home-time (number of days during the 90-day poststroke period that the patient resides in their own home or in that of a relative) were compared between treatment groups using the Wilcoxon rank-sum test.

Systemic Therapy for Advanced Urothelial Carcinoma: Current Standards and Treatment Considerations.

Urothelial carcinoma is the sixth most common malignancy in the United States. Although most are diagnosed with non-muscle-invasive malignancy, many patients will develop recurrent disease within 5 years, with 10% to 20% developing advanced muscle-invasive or more distant incurable disease. For such patients, clinical outcomes have remained suboptimal, although recent therapeutic advances have brought new hope to the field.

Early Cerebral Vein After Endovascular Ischemic Stroke Treatment Predicts Symptomatic Reperfusion Hemorrhage.

Background And Purpose: Parenchymal hemorrhage (PH) after endovascular mechanical thrombectomy in acute ischemic stroke leads to worse outcomes. Better clinical and imaging biomarkers of symptomatic reperfusion PH are needed to identify patients at risk. We identified clinical and imaging predictors of reperfusion PH after endovascular mechanical thrombectomy with attention to early cerebral veins (ECVs) on postreperfusion digital subtraction angiography.

Dominant Role for Regulatory T Cells in Protecting Females Against Pulmonary Hypertension.

Rationale: Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PH) is a life-threatening condition associated with immune dysregulation and abnormal regulatory T cell (Treg) activity, but it is currently unknown whether and how abnormal Treg function differentially affects males and females.

Objective: To evaluate whether and how Treg deficiency differentially affects male and female rats in experimental PH.

Methods And Results: Male and female athymic rats, lacking Tregs, were treated with the VEGFR2 (vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2) inhibitor SU5416 or chronic hypoxia and evaluated for PH; some animals underwent Treg immune reconstitution before SU5416 administration.

ACIST-FFR Study (Assessment of Catheter-Based Interrogation and Standard Techniques for Fractional Flow Reserve Measurement).

Background: Measurement of fractional flow reserve (FFR) to guide coronary revascularization lags despite robust supportive data, partly because of the handling characteristics of traditional coronary pressure wires. An optical pressure-monitoring microcatheter, which can be advanced over a traditional coronary guidewire, facilitates FFR assessment but may underestimate pressure wire-derived FFR.

Methods And Results: In this prospective, multicenter trial, 169 patients underwent FFR assessment with a pressure wire alone and with a pressure microcatheter over the pressure wire.

Physician Perspectives on Long-Term Relationships and Friendships with Patients: A National Assessment.

Objectives: Shifts in the healthcare environment have introduced challenges to the long-term continuity of the doctor-patient relationship. This study examines whether certain demographic or religious characteristics of physicians are associated with maintaining long-term relationships (LTRs) and/or friendships with their patients and describes physicians' opinions regarding the influence of such patient relationships on health outcomes.

Methods: In 2011, survey responses were obtained from 1289 US physicians from various specialties.

Impact of Stent Size Selection on Acute and Long-Term Outcomes After Drug-Eluting Stent Implantation in De Novo Coronary Lesions.

Background: Although significant undersizing often results in incomplete stent apposition or underexpansion, the possible impact of oversized stent implantation on arterial wall injury has not been systematically investigated with drug-eluting stents. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of stent oversizing on acute and long-term outcomes after drug-eluting stents implantation in de novo coronary lesions.

Methods And Results: Serial (baseline and 6-12 months) coronary angiography and intravascular ultrasound were performed in 2931 lesions treated with drug-eluting stents (355 sirolimus, 846 paclitaxel, 1387 zotarolimus, and 343 everolimus).

Hypertension and VEGF (Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor) Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Inhibition: Effects on Renal Function.

VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor) receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors have become first-line therapy for metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Their use commonly leads to hypertension, but their effects on long-term renal function are not known. In addition, it has been suggested that the development of hypertension is linked to treatment efficacy.

EBV-Positive B-Cell Proliferations of Varied Malignant Potential: 2015 SH/EAHP Workshop Report-Part 1.

Objectives: The 2015 Workshop of the Society for Hematopathology/European Association for Haematopathology aimed to review B-cell proliferations of varied malignant potential associated with immunodeficiency.

Methods: The Workshop Panel reviewed all cases of B-cell hyperplasias, polymorphic B-lymphoproliferative disorders, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-positive mucocutaneous ulcer, and large B-cell proliferations associated with chronic inflammation and rendered consensus diagnoses. Disease definitions, boundaries with more aggressive B-cell proliferations, and association with EBV were explored.

Primary/Congenital Immunodeficiency: 2015 SH/EAHP Workshop Report-Part 5.

Objectives: The 2015 Workshop of the Society for Hematopathology/European Association for Haematopathology aimed to review primary immunodeficiency and related lymphoproliferations.

Methods: Primary immunodeficiencies were divided into immune dysregulation, DNA repair defects, low immunoglobulins, and combined immunodeficiencies.

Results: Autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome (ALPS) is a prototypical immune dysregulation-type immunodeficiency, with defects in T-cell signaling or apoptosis, expansion of T-cell subsets, and predisposition to hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis.

T- and NK-Cell Lymphomas and Systemic Lymphoproliferative Disorders and the Immunodeficiency Setting: 2015 SH/EAHP Workshop Report-Part 4.

Objectives: The 2015 Workshop of the Society for Hematopathology/European Association for Haematopathology aimed to review immunodeficiency-related T- and natural killer (NK)-cell lymphoproliferations.

Methods: The Workshop Panel reviewed 88 T- or NK-cell lymphoproliferations and rendered consensus diagnoses.

Results: Hyperplasias of T-cell subsets may be clonal; retained architecture and the clinical setting support a benign diagnosis.