136 results match your criteria: "From the School of Public Health.[Affiliation]"
Ebola and a Decade of Disparities - Forging a Future for Global Health Equity.
N Engl J Med
January 2025
From the School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, RI.
Beyond Early- and Late-onset Neonatal Sepsis Definitions: What are the Current Causes of Neonatal Sepsis Globally? A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of the Evidence.
Pediatr Infect Dis J
September 2024
From the School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
Article Synopsis
- Sepsis is a major cause of neonatal deaths, especially in low- and lower-middle-income countries (LLMIC), and the rise in antimicrobial resistance is changing the bacteria causing this issue.
- A systematic review of 48 studies showed that gram-negative bacteria are now the leading cause of early-onset sepsis (EOS) and late-onset sepsis (LOS) worldwide, with different predominant pathogens found in LLMICs compared to high-income countries.
- The findings suggest that current definitions for EOS and LOS are outdated, leading to ineffective antibiotic treatments, and call for standardizing definitions to improve global understanding and management of neonatal sepsis.
Rape, Homicide, and Abortion Bans - The Abandonment of People Subjected to Sexual and Intimate Partner Violence.
N Engl J Med
July 2024
From the School of Public Health and the Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (E.T.-T.); and Planned Parenthood of Montana, Billings (S.L.D.).
The Slow-Moving Crisis of Training in Occupational and Environmental Medicine.
J Occup Environ Med
October 2024
From the School of Public Health, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia.
Scarring In Utero: An Attempt to Validate With Data Unconfounded by Migration and Medical Care.
Epidemiology
July 2024
Public Health, University of California, Irvine, CA.
Background: "Scarring in utero" posits that populations exposed to injurious stressors yield birth cohorts that live shorter lives than expected from history. This argument implies a positive historical association between period life expectancy (i.e.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAssociation of Neurotrophic Factors at Midlife With In Vivo Measures of β-Amyloid and Tau Burden 15 Years Later in Dementia-Free Adults.
Neurology
April 2024
From the School of Public Health (G.W.), University of Haifa, Israel; Department of Biostatistics (D.J.K., A.S.B.), Boston University School of Public Health, Boston; The Framingham Study (D.J.K., S.G., A.S.B., S.S.); Department of Neurology (S.G., A.S.B., S.S.), Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, MA; and Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases (S.S.), University of Texas Health Sciences Center, San Antonio.
Background And Objectives: Neurotrophic factors (NTFs) play an important role in Alzheimer disease (AD) pathophysiology. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) are important NTFs. However, a direct link of BDNF and VEGF circulating levels with in vivo measures of amyloid-β (Aβ) and tau burden remains to be elucidated.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFA Capture-Recapture-based Ascertainment Probability Weighting Method for Effect Estimation With Under-ascertained Outcomes.
Epidemiology
May 2024
From the School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
Article Synopsis
- The paper addresses the issue of outcome under-ascertainment in epidemiologic research, which complicates the identification and reporting of cases.
- It introduces a new framework that combines capture-recapture methods with propensity score weighting to better estimate exposure effects and adjust for confounding factors.
- The authors demonstrate this method's effectiveness using a study on healthcare workers and COVID-19 testing in Sweden, highlighting the significant impact of accounting for under-ascertainment on research outcomes.
Operative Positioning and Intraoperative-Acquired Pressure Injury: A Retrospective Cohort Study.
Adv Skin Wound Care
March 2024
At the Xinhua Hospital Affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China, Xin Xu, MSN, is Clinical Nurse. Miao Miao, MSN, is Graduate, Shanghai Jiaotong University. Also at Xinhua Hospital, Guirong Shi, MSN, is Clinic Nurse; Peipei Zhang, BS, is Nursing Supervisor of the Emergency Operating Room; Ping Liu, MSN, is Associate Director of the Nursing Department RN; Bing Zhao, MSN, is Anesthetist Nurse; and Liping Jiang, PhD, is Professor and Chief Nursing Officer. Acknowledgments: The authors thank Chengnan Guo from the School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China, who provided statistical guidance and support for this study. The authors have disclosed no financial relationships related to this article. Submitted January 5, 2023; accepted in revised form March 14, 2023.
Objective: To comprehensively assess the association between operative positioning with intraoperative-acquired pressure injury (IAPI) development.
Methods: This retrospective cohort study included 455 patients who underwent surgery between October 2020 and January 2021. The authors grouped patients by operative positioning into the prone position and nonprone position groups.
Factors Influencing Intention on Condom Use During Sexual Intercourse With Regular Female Partners Among Men Who Have Sex With Men in Western China: A Structural Equation Modeling Analysis.
Sex Transm Dis
December 2023
From the School of Public Health, Research Center for Medicine and Social Development, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
Background: Given the rapid rise in HIV infection among men who have sex with men (MSM) in China, they may be a potential bridge for HIV transmission to the general female population, and increasing condom use is an important protective measure. This study aimed to explore factors that influence the intention of condom use during sexual intercourse with regular female partners among MSM in Western China, based on the Health Action Process Approach model.
Methods: This study used a baseline sample from a cohort study of the National Science and Technology Major Project.
Visceral Leishmaniasis in Iran: An Update on Epidemiological Features from 2013 to 2022.
Iran J Parasitol
January 2023
Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Article Synopsis
- Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a serious neglected tropical disease, with a study conducted in 10 provinces of Iran from 2013 to 2022 assessing its prevalence in humans and dogs.
- A total of 21,281 human and 5,610 canine serum samples were analyzed, revealing a 2.1% seroprevalence in humans and a 20.1% seroprevalence in domestic dogs, with higher rates found in specific regions of Iran.
- Despite a decline in human cases over the past decade, the significant prevalence of canine VL indicates ongoing public health concerns.
Association Between Triglycerides and Risk of Dementia in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: A Prospective Cohort Study.
Neurology
November 2023
From the School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine (Z.Z., J.R., A.M.T., S.Z., P.L., R.W., S.G.O., J.J.M., C.Y., S.M.H., R.L.W.), Central Clinical School (C.Z.), and Turner Institute for Brain & Mental Health (T.T.-J.C.), Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Berman Center for Outcomes and Clinical Research (A.M.M.), Hennepin Healthcare Research Institute, Division of Geriatrics, Department of Medicine Hennepin HealthCare, Minneapolis, MN; School of Medicine (G.F.W., L.J.B.), University of Western Australia, Perth; Department of Pharmacy Practice and Science (M.E.E.), College of Pharmacy, The University of Iowa, Iowa City; Discipline of General Practice (N.S.), University of Adelaide, South Australia; School of Population Health (C.M.R.), Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia; Department of Family and Preventive Medicine and Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center (R.C.S., A.S.), Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL; Division of Geriatric Medicine (K.M.S.), Department of Medicine, Hennepin Healthcare, Minneapolis, MN; and Menzies Institute for Medical Research (M.R.N.), University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia.
Article Synopsis
- * The study analyzed two large cohorts, ASPREE and UK Biobank, involving over 86,000 participants with an average age of 70+, tracking dementia onset and cognitive changes over several years.
- * Results indicated that increased triglyceride levels not only reduced dementia risk but also correlated with slower declines in overall cognitive abilities and memory performance.
Effect of Ambient Temperature on Hospital Admissions for Respiratory Disease in Suburban Rural Villages of a Semi-Arid Region in Northwest China.
J Occup Environ Med
December 2023
From the School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China.
Objective: This study evaluated the effects of extreme temperatures on hospital admissions for respiratory diseases (RDs) in a semi-arid region in the Northwest of China.
Methods: Distributed lag nonlinear model was constructed, and stratified analysis by gender and age was performed.
Results: The exposure-response curve between temperature and RD hospital admissions was almost W-shaped.
Working Status of First-Time Postpartum Mothers and Telomere Length-A 1-Year Prospective Study.
J Occup Environ Med
December 2023
From the School of Public Health, Faculty of Social Welfare and Health Sciences, University of Haifa, Mount Carmel, Haifa, Israel (N.H.-K., O.B.-E.); Health Systems Management Department, The Max Stern Yezreel Valley College, Yezreel Valley, Israel (S.B.); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA (E.E.); Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA (J.L.); and Bnei Zion Medical Center, Haifa, Israel (L.S.).
Objective: Transitioning to motherhood can create work family conflicts affecting mothers' health. Although employment is generally associated with longer telomeres, this may diminish during the early years of child-rearing. This study aimed to assess the impact of work reentry on telomere length (TL) among first-time mothers.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFA Study on Vascular Regulators as Early Biomarkers of Hand Arm Vibration Syndrome.
J Occup Environ Med
December 2023
From the School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China; and Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Public Health Detection and Assessment, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China.
Objectives: Purposes of this study are to study the changes in expression of vascular regulators after vibration exposure and during the onset of vibration-induced white finger (VWF) and to screen for vascular regulatory factors that could be used as early biomarkers of HAVS.
Methods: Using judgmental sampling from a Chinese factory, workers with VWF and hand-transmitted vibration exposure but without VWF were selected for research. Blood samples were taken from all subjects, and the levels of nine of the vascular regulators were measured using ELISA.
Prevalence of food allergy in the Chinese population: A systematic review and meta-analysis of population-based studies.
Allergy Asthma Proc
September 2023
NHC Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment and Chinese Academy of Medical Science Research Unit (2019RU014 Food Safety), China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, China.
The prevalence of food allergy is increasing and varies among different populations. Study on the food allergy prevalence is very limited in China. To assess the prevalence of food allergy in the Chinese population by using systematic evaluation and meta-analysis.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTargeting IDH in Low-Grade Glioma.
N Engl J Med
August 2023
From the School of Public Health (E.B.C.) and the Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine (E.B.C., R.G.W.V.), Yale University, New Haven, CT; the Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston (E.B.C.); and the Department of Neurosurgery, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam (R.G.W.V.).
Spatiotemporal Trends of Stroke Burden Attributable to Ambient PM in 204 Countries and Territories, 1990-2019: A Global Analysis.
Neurology
August 2023
From the School of Public Health (Y.B., Z.Y.), Zhengzhou University; Department of Cardiology (Y.Z.), The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University; The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University (X.Z., H.C.); NHC Key Laboratory of Birth Defects Prevention & Henan Key Laboratory of Population Defects Prevention (J.Z.), Zhengzhou, China; and Department of Biomedical Sciences (X.Q.L.), City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong.
Background And Objectives: Previous studies suggested that long-term exposure to ambient fine particulate matter (PM) is associated with increased risk of stroke. However, limited studies evaluated the stroke burden attributable to ambient PM globally, especially comprising across different regions, countries, and social-economic levels. We thus conducted this study to estimate the spatial and temporal trends of ambient PM-related stroke burden by sex, age, and subtypes from 1990 to 2019 at global, regional, and national levels.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFLongitudinal Changes in Regional Brain Volumes and Cognition of Professional Fighters With Traumatic Encephalopathy Syndrome.
Neurology
September 2023
From the School of Public Health (B.D.C.K., L.-C.C., B.L., C.L.C., A.M.), University of Nevada, Las Vegas; and Cleveland Clinic Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health (A.R., R.R., A.M., C.B.), Las Vegas, NV.
Background And Objectives: Due to current limitations in diagnosing chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) clinically, traumatic encephalopathy syndrome (TES) has been proposed as the clinical presentation of suspected CTE. This study aimed to determine whether there was an association between a clinical diagnosis of TES and subsequent temporal decline in cognitive or MRI volumetric measures.
Methods: This was a secondary analysis of the Professional Athletes Brain Health Study (PABHS), inclusive of active and retired professional fighters older than 34 years.
Co-Development and Bidirectional Associations Between Psychological Stress and Obesity in School-Aged Children: A Longitudinal Study in China.
Psychosom Med
July 2023
From the School of Public Health, Research Center for Medicine and Social Development, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
Objective: Psychological stress (PS) has always been a hot topic for researchers to investigate the potential determinants of childhood overweight/obesity. Up to now, cohort studies investigating the relationship between PS and childhood obesity have used different ways to assess PS, different indicators to measure obesity, and different analysis methods, and the results were also inconsistent.
Methods: Data were obtained from the second to eighth follow-up of an ongoing cohort of school-aged children in Chongqing, China (June 2015-June 2018), with seven waves (W1-W7, NW1 = 1419).
Background: Direct-to-consumer (DTC) sexually transmitted infection (STI) screening methods use self-collected samples in a nonclinical setting. Direct-to-consumer methods may reach a population of women who avoid screening because of stigma and privacy concerns, or who lack access to clinical care. Little is known about the salient dissemination approaches to promote these methods.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTime Series Analysis of the Acute Effect of Atmospheric Fine Particulate Matter on Hospitalization for Heart Failure in Lanzhou, China.
J Occup Environ Med
September 2023
From the School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, PR China.
Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the correlation between environmental PM 2.5 and heart failure (HF) hospitalization in Lanzhou, China.
Method: The correlation between atmospheric PM 2.
Efficacy of Repeated Low-Level Red-Light Therapy for Slowing the Progression of Childhood Myopia: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.
Am J Ophthalmol
August 2023
From the School of Public Health (J.T., N.Y., S.B.D., J.W., Y.L., Y.W., W.W.), Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China; Key Laboratory of Human Genetics and Environmental Medicine (W.W.), Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China; Engineering Research Innovation Center of Biological Data Mining and Healthcare Transformation (W.W.), Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China. Electronic address:
Purpose: To evaluate the long-term efficacy and safety of repeated low-intensity red light (RLRL) treatment for childhood myopia.
Design: Systematic review and meta-analysis METHODS: We searched PubMed, Web of Science, CNKI, and Wanfang from inception to February 8, 2023. We used the RoB 2.
Courts' Disregard for Women's Health and Safety - Intimate Partner Violence, Firearms, and "History and Tradition".
N Engl J Med
April 2023
From the School of Public Health and Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI.
Cost-effectiveness of a purpose-built ward environment and new allied health model of care for major trauma.
J Trauma Acute Care Surg
June 2023
From the School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine (B.J.G., S.R., C.L.E., A.M., L.K., P.A.C., A.M.H.), Monash University, Australia; Health Data Research UK, Swansea University Medical School (B.J.G.), Swansea University, United Kingdom; Rehabilitation, Ageing and Independent Living (RAIL) Research Centre (C.L.E.), Monash University, Australia; Alfred Health, Department of Allied Health (L.K.), Melbourne, Australia; and Emergency and Trauma Centre, Alfred Health (P.A.C.), Melbourne, Australia.
Background: Targeted rehabilitation within the acute inpatient setting could have a substantial impact on improving outcomes for major trauma patients. The aim of this study was to investigate the cost-effectiveness of the introduction of a purpose-built ward environment, and a new allied health model of care (AHMOC) delivered in the acute inpatient setting, in a major trauma population.
Methods: The statewide trauma registry, the trauma center's data warehouse, and electronic medical record data were used for this observational study.
Lifetime Cumulative Effect of Reproductive Factors on Stroke and Its Subtypes in Postmenopausal Chinese Women: A Prospective Cohort Study.
Neurology
April 2023
From the School of Public Health and Women's Hospital (L.H., S.L., S.Z., Q.Y., W.L., P.S.), Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; School of Medicine (Y.W.), Tsinghua University, Institute for Hospital Management, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China; Menzies Institute for Medical Research (F.W.), University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia; Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (F.W.), Melbourne, Australia; Department of Maternal and Child Health (Y.J.), School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China; Nuffield Department of Women's & Reproductive Health (K.R.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom; and Deep Medicine Programme (K.R.), Oxford Martin School, University of Oxford, United Kingdom.
Background And Objectives: Multiple reproductive factors are associated with stroke. Little is known about the cumulative effects of reproductive factors during a reproductive life course on stroke and its subtypes, especially among female Chinese individuals. The objective of this study was to assess the associations of lifetime cumulative estrogen exposure due to reproductive factors with stroke and its etiologic subtypes among postmenopausal Chinese women.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF