Gastrointestinal and Hepatic Toxicities of Checkpoint Inhibitors: Algorithms for Management.

Gastrointestinal toxicities are among the leading causes of immune-related adverse effects of checkpoint blockade. These adverse events can be severe enough to require interruption or withdrawal of immune checkpoint blockade therapy. Patients with immune-related adverse effects require early recognition with an evaluation to rule out alternative etiologies and effective management to minimize complications.

Association of Academic Physiatrists Women's Task Force Report.

The Association of Academic Physiatrists (AAP) convened a women's task force in 2016, and the members agreed on a list of metrics that would permit retrospective data review pertaining to the representation and inclusion of women physicians in the society. Examples of categories examined included leadership positions (i.e.

Optimizing a Positive Psychology Intervention to Promote Health Behaviors After an Acute Coronary Syndrome: The Positive Emotions After Acute Coronary Events III (PEACE-III) Randomized Factorial Trial.

Objective: Despite the clear benefits of physical activity and related behaviors on prognosis, most patients experiencing an acute coronary syndrome (ACS) remain nonadherent to these behaviors. Deficits in positive psychological constructs (e.g.

Inability to Perform the Repeated Chair Stand Task Predicts Fall-Related Injury in Older Primary Care Patients.

Objective: The aim of the study was to examine whether the chair stand component of the Short Physical Performance Battery predicts fall-related injury among older adult primary care patients.

Design: A 2-yr longitudinal cohort study of 430 Boston-area primary care patients aged ≥65 yrs screened to be at risk for mobility decline was conducted. The three components of the Short Physical Performance Battery (balance time, gait speed, and chair stand time) were measured at baseline.

Mycoplasma-Induced Rash and Mucositis in a Father and Son: A Case Report.

This case report describes a father and son with recurrent Mycoplasma-induced rash and mucositis (MIRM). A father with a remote history of a similar rash in childhood presented to the hospital with a severe rash with mucosal involvement, and elevated Mycoplasma pneumoniae immunoglobulin M titers, consistent with MIRM. Four years later, a similar rash developed in his son with a positive M.

Poor Performance on a Preoperative Cognitive Screening Test Predicts Postoperative Complications in Older Orthopedic Surgical Patients.

Background: The American College of Surgeons and the American Geriatrics Society have suggested that preoperative cognitive screening should be performed in older surgical patients. We hypothesized that unrecognized cognitive impairment in patients without a history of dementia is a risk factor for development of postoperative complications.

Methods: We enrolled 211 patients 65 yr of age or older without a diagnosis of dementia who were scheduled for an elective hip or knee replacement.

Do-Not-Resuscitate Status Is Associated With Increased Mortality But Not Morbidity.

Background: Do-not-resuscitate (DNR) orders instruct medical personnel to forego cardiopulmonary resuscitation in the event of cardiopulmonary arrest, but they do not preclude surgical management. Several studies have reported that DNR status is an independent predictor of 30-day mortality; however, the etiology of increased mortality remains unclear. We hypothesized that DNR patients would demonstrate increased postoperative mortality, but not morbidity, relative to non-DNR patients undergoing the same procedures.

A Feedback and Evaluation System That Provokes Minimal Retaliation by Trainees.

Background: Grade inflation is pervasive in educational settings in the United States. One driver of grade inflation may be faculty concern that assigning lower clinical performance scores to trainees will cause them to retaliate and assign lower teaching scores to the faculty member. The finding of near-zero retaliation would be important to faculty members who evaluate trainees.

Associations Between Psychological Constructs and Cardiac Biomarkers After Acute Coronary Syndrome.

Objective: Psychological constructs are associated with cardiovascular health, but the biological mechanisms mediating these relationships are unknown. We examined relationships between psychological constructs and markers of inflammation, endothelial function, and myocardial strain in a cohort of post-acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients.

Methods: Participants (N = 164) attended study visits 2 weeks and 6 months after ACS.

Prelicensure Simulation-Enhanced Interprofessional Education: A Critical Review of the Research Literature.

This review explores the state of prelicensure interprofessional education (IPE) using simulation-based education (SBE) by examining studies that use SBE for prelicensure IPE through a critical review of the research literature. We focus particularly on studies that included experiential SBE with reported measures and formal IPE with prelicensure participants from at least 2 health care professions. Fifty-four studies met criteria.

Effects of Optimism and Gratitude on Physical Activity, Biomarkers, and Readmissions After an Acute Coronary Syndrome: The Gratitude Research in Acute Coronary Events Study.

Background: Positive psychological constructs, such as optimism, are associated with beneficial health outcomes. However, no study has separately examined the effects of multiple positive psychological constructs on behavioral, biological, and clinical outcomes after an acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Accordingly, we aimed to investigate associations of baseline optimism and gratitude with subsequent physical activity, prognostic biomarkers, and cardiac rehospitalizations in post-ACS patients.

Diabetes, Glycemic Control, and Urinary Incontinence in Women.

Objectives: To estimate the association between urinary incontinence and glycemic control in women ages 20 to 85 years.

Methods: We included 7270 women from the 2005 to 2010 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, stratified into three groups of glycemic control defined by hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c): (i) those below the diagnostic threshold (HbA1c < 6.5%), (ii) those with relatively controlled diabetes (HbA1c, 6.

Effect of 1.5% Topical Diclofenac on Clinical Neuropathic Pain.

Background: Neuropathic pain is a condition resulting from injury to the peripheral and/or central nervous system. Despite extensive research over the last several decades, neuropathic pain remains difficult to manage.

Methods: The authors conducted a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blinded, and crossover clinical trial to examine the effect of 1.

Apathy is associated with lower inferior temporal cortical thickness in mild cognitive impairment and normal elderly individuals.

Apathy is a common neuropsychiatric symptom in Alzheimer's disease dementia and amnestic mild cognitive impairment and is associated with cortical atrophy in Alzheimer's disease dementia. This study investigated possible correlations between apathy and cortical atrophy in 47 individuals with mild cognitive impairment and 19 clinically normal elderly. Backward elimination multivariate linear regression was used to evaluate the cross-sectional relationship between scores on the Apathy Evaluation Scale and thickness of several cortical regions and covariates.