Evaluating the Impact of Moderate and Severe Varicella Infections on Danish Children Under 18 Years Old: A Comprehensive Analysis From 2015 to 2023.

Background: Varicella (chickenpox) caused by varicella-zoster virus (VZV) is a highly contagious pediatric disease. While it typically manifests as a mild disease, complications leading to hospitalization are not uncommon. Knowing the current disease burden, seasonality and risk groups is pivotal for evidence-based decisions on the introduction of a varicella vaccine.

Comparison of the epidemiology of elderly trauma between major trauma centres in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia and Melbourne, Australia.

Objectives: To review the epidemiology of elderly trauma at the Kind Saud Medical City (KSMC), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, and carry out risk-adjusted analyses to benchmark outcomes with the Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia, the largest Australasian trauma service.

Methods: This retrospective study included records of injured patients (≥65 years) from the hospital trauma registries during 2022. Demographic and injury data were extracted.

Where Birth Month, Sex and Age Matters: The Burden of Severe Respiratory Disease in Danish Children <5 Years, 2016-2022.

Background: In light of the substantial impact that respiratory diseases in young children poses on healthcare systems globally, and in the wake of the recent COVID-19 pandemic, there is a growing urgency to obtain reliable estimates on the burden of respiratory disease.

Objectives: The aim of this study is to quantify the overall burden of respiratory disease requiring hospitalizations and explore the trends in these admissions in Danish children <5 years, January 1, 2016-October 31, 2022.

Methods: The number of hospitalizations attributed to respiratory infections in children <5 years, was extracted from the Danish National Patient Register, and stratified into subgroups based on age, gender and birth month, and presented on a month-to-month basis.

Acceptability and Usability of Self-Sampling for the Detection of Sexually Transmitted Infections Among Transgender Women: The TransOdara Multicentric Study in Brazil.

Background: The effective testing of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) requires sampling from potential infection sites. This study aimed to assess the choice, satisfaction, and performance of self-collected samples (SCS) from potential infection sites for STI testing among transgender women in Brazil.

Methods: TransOdara was a multicentric, cross-sectional STI prevalence study conducted in 5 Brazilian cities.

Baseline Liver Ultrasound Findings in Preschool Children From the Praziquantel in Preschoolers Trial in Lake Albert, Uganda.

Background: Periportal fibrosis is a late-stage manifestation of chronic infection with Schistosoma mansoni . Praziquantel (PZQ), the only drug available for the treatment of schistosomiasis, has limited effect in treating established morbidity. Preschool-age children (PSAC) are not considered to be an at-risk population for severe morbidity.

Monocyte, Lymphocyte and Neutrophil Ratios - Easy-to-Use Biomarkers for the Diagnosis of Pediatric Tuberculosis.

Background: The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte-ratio (NLR), neutrophil-to-monocyte-plus-lymphocyte-ratio (NMLR) and monocyte-to-lymphocyte-ratio (MLR) may have diagnostic potential for tuberculosis (TB).

Methods: Data of two prospective multicenter studies in Switzerland were used, which included children <18 years with TB exposure, infection or disease or with febrile non-TB lower-respiratory-tract infection (nTB-LRTI).

Results: Of the 389 children included 25 (6.

Exercise Training During Working Hours at a Hospital Department: A Pilot Study.

Objectives: This pilot study tested the use of an exercise offer to hospital employees during working hours and changes in work and health parameters.

Methods: Employees (n = 214) from a medical department on a Danish hospital were invited to 30 minutes' exercise training twice weekly for 12 weeks. Outcomes included health- and work-related parameters.

Single-Dose Liposomal Amphotericin B Treatment for Cryptococcal Meningitis.

Background: Cryptococcal meningitis is a leading cause of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-related death in sub-Saharan Africa. Whether a treatment regimen that includes a single high dose of liposomal amphotericin B would be efficacious is not known.

Methods: In this phase 3 randomized, controlled, noninferiority trial conducted in five African countries, we assigned HIV-positive adults with cryptococcal meningitis in a 1:1 ratio to receive either a single high dose of liposomal amphotericin B (10 mg per kilogram of body weight) on day 1 plus 14 days of flucytosine (100 mg per kilogram per day) and fluconazole (1200 mg per day) or the current World Health Organization-recommended treatment, which includes amphotericin B deoxycholate (1 mg per kilogram per day) plus flucytosine (100 mg per kilogram per day) for 7 days, followed by fluconazole (1200 mg per day) for 7 days (control).

Distinguishing Tumor Recurrence From Radiation Necrosis in Treated Glioblastoma Using Multiparametric MRI.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic performance of single-parameter, unimodal and bimodal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in differentiating tumor recurrence (TR) from radiation necrosis (RN) in patients with glioblastoma (GBM) after treatment using diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI), diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), dynamic susceptibility contrast enhancement-perfusion weighted imaging (DSC-PWI), and proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (H-MRS).

Materials And Methods: Patients with histologically proven GBM who underwent surgical intervention followed by chemoradiotherapy and developed a new, progressively enhanced lesion on follow-up MRI were included in our study. Subsequently, DWI, DTI, DSC-PWI, and H-MRS were performed.

Vagus Nerve Stimulation in Patients Receiving Maintenance Therapy With Electroconvulsive Therapy: A Series of 10 Cases.

Objectives: Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is a mainstay in both acute and long-term management of difficult-to-treat depression. However, frequent acute courses of ECT or prolonged maintenance ECT treatment may increase adverse-effect burden and/or reduce patient acceptability. Therefore, we investigated the effectiveness of adjunctive vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) therapy as an alternative strategy for long-term maintenance treatment in ECT-responsive patients.

Expression and Prognostic Value of the Immune Checkpoints Galectin-9 and PD-L1 in Glioblastomas.

Immunotherapeutic targeting of the PD-1/PD-L1 axis has been widely implemented for treatment of several cancer types but shown disappointing results in glioblastomas (GBMs), potentially due to compensatory mechanisms of other expressed immune checkpoints. Galectin-9 is an immune-checkpoint protein that facilitates T-cell exhaustion and apoptosis and could be a potential target for immune-checkpoint inhibition. A total of 163 GBMs IDH wildtype were immunostained with anti-Galectin-9 and PD-L1 antibodies.

Pharmacokinetics of Coadministered Viloxazine Extended-Release (SPN-812) and Lisdexamfetamine in Healthy Adults.

Background: Viloxazine extended-release is a novel nonstimulant under investigation as a potential treatment for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Given the potential for viloxazine extended-release to be co-administered with stimulant ADHD pharmacotherapies, this trial investigated the pharmacokinetics and safety of combination viloxazine extended-release + lisdexamfetamine dimesylate (lisdexamfetamine) versus viloxazine extended-release and lisdexamfetamine alone.

Methods: In this single-center, cross-over, open-label trial, healthy, non-ADHD adults received single oral doses of 700 mg viloxazine extended-release alone, 50 mg lisdexamfetamine alone, and a combination of viloxazine extended-release (700 mg) + lisdexamfetamine (50 mg), with blood samples collected over 4 days postadministration.

Incision size changes after cataract surgery with intraocular lens implantation: comparison of 2 preloaded IOL implantation injectors.

Purpose: To compare incision size enlargement at different times of cataract surgery and visual outcomes after surgery in 2 different intraocular lens (IOL) delivery systems (Vivinex iSert and UltraSert Preloaded IOL Delivery System).

Setting: Tertiary care eye institution.

Design: Prospective nonrandomized comparison study.

Causes of Pediatric Meningitis in Botswana: Results From a 16-Year National Meningitis Audit.

Background: Central nervous system infections are an important cause of childhood morbidity and mortality in high HIV-prevalence settings of Africa. We evaluated the epidemiology of pediatric meningitis in Botswana during the rollout of antiretroviral therapy, pneumococcal conjugate vaccine and Haemophilus influenzae type B (HiB) vaccine.

Methods: We performed a cross-sectional study of children (<15 years old) evaluated for meningitis by cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) examination from 2000 to 2015, with complete national records for 2013-2014.

Effect of Ischemia Duration and Protective Interventions on the Temporal Dynamics of Tissue Composition After Myocardial Infarction.

Rationale: The impact of cardioprotective strategies and ischemia duration on postischemia/reperfusion (I/R) myocardial tissue composition (edema, myocardium at risk, infarct size, salvage, intramyocardial hemorrhage, and microvascular obstruction) is not well understood.

Objective: To study the effect of ischemia duration and protective interventions on the temporal dynamics of myocardial tissue composition in a translational animal model of I/R by the use of state-of-the-art imaging technology.

Methods And Results: Four 5-pig groups underwent different I/R protocols: 40-minute I/R (prolonged ischemia, controls), 20-minute I/R (short-duration ischemia), prolonged ischemia preceded by preconditioning, or prolonged ischemia followed by postconditioning.