Long-term Effects of Repeated Botulinum Toxin Injection in Cosmetic Therapeutics.

Background: Botulinum toxin (BT), a potent neurotoxin, has been used in clinical medicine since the 1970s for cosmetic and therapeutic purposes. Studies have consistently shown positive outcomes with a very limited adverse effect profile and a conventional understanding that results dissipate after 3 to 5 months. However, more recent evidence suggests that changes in muscle composition, function, and appearance persist for much longer, even years.

Cochlear implantation in post-lingual adults: A 25-year experience at King Abdullah Ear Specialist Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

Objectives: To demonstrate the efficacy of cochlear implants (CI) in post-lingual adults, including surgical and auditory outcomes based on a 25-year experience at a tertiary referral hospital.

Methods: This study was a retrospective, descriptive chart review of post-lingual adults, aged ≥18 years, implanted at King Abdullah Ear Specialist Center (KAESC), Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), between September 1994 and March 2020. The study included 176 cochlear implantations performed in 144 patients.

Public awareness, beliefs and attitude towards depressive disorders in Saudi Arabia.

Objectives: To investigate the degree of public awareness, beliefs, and attitudes regarding major depression and available treatment options in the Saudi population.

Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study of 1,188 participants was carried out from March to April 2021 in Ha'il, Saudi Arabia using an online self-administered questionnaire. Using a snowball sampling technique, the authors targeted the Saudi population living in Ha'il region.

Assessment of dermatologists' perception of utilizing teledermatology during COVID-19 pandemic in Saudi Arabia.

Objectives: To assess teledermatology (TD) perception among dermatologists in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia during the COVID-19 pandemic and to identify the most common advantages and disadvantages of TD.

Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional survey-based study to address Saudi dermatologist perceptions of TD from July 2020 to December 2020, during Covid-19 pandemic.

Results: Out of 664 emails sent, 107 complete responses were returned.

Clinical Practice Guidelines for Liver Transplantation in Saudi Arabia.

The demand for liver transplantation in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) is associated with the country's high burden of liver disease. Trends in the epidemiology of liver transplantation indications among recipients in KSA have changed over 20 years. Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis has eclipsed the hepatitis C virus in the country due to the effective treatment strategies for HCV.

Update on the Basic Science Concepts and Applications of Adipose-Derived Stem Cells in Hand and Craniofacial Surgery.

Adipose-derived stem cell therapy offers plastic surgeons a novel treatment alternative for conditions with few therapeutic options. Adipose-derived stem cells are a promising treatment because of their broad differentiation potential, capacity for self-renewal, and ease of isolation. Over the past decade, plastic surgeons have attempted to harness adipose-derived stem cells' unique cellular characteristics to improve the survival of traditional fat grafting procedures, a process known as cell-assisted lipotransfer.

Comparing Outcomes of Wise-Pattern, Two-Stage Breast Reduction-Reconstruction with and without Acellular Dermal Matrix.

Background: Aesthetic results in breast reconstruction for ptotic/obese breasts may be improved when using Wise-pattern closures compared with nipple-sparing mastectomies. In two-stage reconstruction, acellular dermal matrix is commonly used to support the prosthesis. This study tests the efficacy of an alternate technique that uses deepithelialized excess breast skin in lieu of acellular dermal matrix.

Effectiveness of using tranexamic acid in total hip and total knee arthroplasty: Single tertiary center experience.

Objectives: To measure the effectiveness of tranexamic acid (TXA); in total joint arthroplastyin terms of reducing post-operative blood loss.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study in which patients who had underwent total hip arthroplasty (THA) and TKA between 2010-2018 in a single tertiary center. Those had received TXA (group 1) and those who had received no-TXA (group 2) were evaluated.

Patterns and determinants of treatment for coronary artery disease: A cross-sectional study in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

Objectives: To determine the clinical and coronary angiographic characteristics of patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) and the patterns and determinants of CAD treatment in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA).

Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study including 242 patients at 3 hospitals in KSA between June 2018 and June 2019. We included all patients aged ≥18 years diagnosed with CAD on angiography.

Risk factors and predictors that influence SARS-Cov-2 IgG positivity: A cross-sectional study of blood donors in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

Objectives: To study the prevalence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) after pandemic's peak and before the vaccine enrollment in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia and further explore predictors for SARS-CoV-2 positivity.

Methods: A cross-sectional study of 515 blood donors from November 22 to December 17, 2020 was conducted at King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia to look at SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulin G (IgG) positivity. The participants were asked questions about their demographic characteristics, past SARS-CoV-2 infection, SARS-CoV-2-related symptoms and exposures.

Communication Strategies in Mohs Micrographic Surgery: A Survey of Methods, Time Savings, and Perceived Patient Satisfaction.

Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS) entails multiple time-consuming surgical and histological examinations for each patient. Efficient communication is key in improving clinic flow, and we surveyed members of the American College of Mohs Surgery to evaluate the efficacy of different techniques utilized by Mohs surgeons across the nation.

The Use of Live Streaming Technologies in Surgery: A Review of the Literature.

Background: Live streaming surgery is a developing communication platform in medicine. To maximize the technological advances that allow for the live streaming of surgery, it is crucial to have an understanding of the various video-capturing devices that are available and their pros and cons of implementation. Possible barriers to the widespread use of live streaming surgery include cost, concerns about patient safety and privacy, and limited understanding of the current available resources.

Decompressive craniectomy is a life-saving procedure in malignant MCA infarction.

Objectives: To investigate the indications, timings, and outcomes of decompressive craniectomy (DC) performed for malignant middle cerebral artery (MCA) infarctions at our tertiary care center.

Methods: This retrospective case series involved patients who underwent DC for malignant MCA infarction at King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, between January 2012 and December 2018. Demographic, clinical, and radiological data were collected, and stroke- and surgery-related complications and discharge outcomes were assessed.

Association between sex hormones and migraine in young Saudi females.

Objectives: To assess the sex hormone levels in young Saudi female migraineurs during a migraine attack and during pain-free periods and compare them with control subjects.

Methods: A case-control study involving 14 Saudi female migraineurs and 21 control subjects was conducted between December 2019 and March 2020. Demographic and disease history data were collected through participant interviews.

Prevalence and determinants of distress among oncology patients at a tertiary care medical city in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

Objectives: To estimate the prevalence of distress in patients with cancer in Saudi Arabia and to identify common psychosocial stressors in these patients. We also looked for associations between distress and psychological, sociodemographic, and medical factors.

Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed in the oncology outpatient clinic at King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, from January 2018 to December 2019.

Bupivacaine Use After Posterior Colporrhaphy to Reduce Postoperative Pain: A Multicenter, Double-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled, Randomized Clinical Trial.

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine if injection of bupivacaine into levator muscles after posterior colporrhaphy reduces postoperative pain.

Methods: This study was a multicenter, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial of 130 participants, comparing bilateral infiltration of puborectalis and iliococcygeus muscles with 0.5% bupivacaine without epinephrine or normal saline after vaginal prolapse repair that included a posterior colporrhaphy.

Cost Analysis and National Trends in the Treatment of Dupuytren Contracture Comparing Collagenase Injection, Needle Fasciotomy, and Open Fasciectomy Procedures.

Background: Dupuytren contracture (DC) is a common disorder characterized by progressive fibrosis of palmar fascia. This study analyzed cost trends of 3 common treatments for DC: fasciotomy, fasciectomy, and collagenase injection (CI)/cord manipulation.

Methods: The Vizient Clinical Data/Resource Manager electronic database was reviewed for all procedures for the treatment of DC at participating hospitals in the United States (US) from October 1, 2015, to September 1, 2019.

Evaluation of National Resident Matching Program and Electronic Residency Application Service Data in the Integrated Plastic Surgery Match.

Introduction: The National Resident Matching Program and Electronic Residency Application Service provide data for tracking trends among applicants in each specialty over the past 5 years. The purpose of this study was to examine this information and determine sex and race/ethnicity distribution over the past 5 years.

Methods: The National Resident Matching Program and Electronic Residency Application Service databases were surveyed for trends in the following categories: number of positions, number of applicants, percent of applicants per position, and number of applicants by sex and self-identified race/ethnicity.

Epidemiology of Upper-Extremity Amputations Using the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System.

Background: Upper-extremity amputations can be devastating injuries that lead to lifelong disabilities. The purpose of our study was to review national data and identify populations at risk and injury patterns that could be targeted with prevention strategies.

Methods: Data from the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System between years 2012 and 2018 were reviewed.

The epidemiology of drowning among Saudi children: results from a large trauma center.

Background: Drowning is the third leading cause of unintentional death among children worldwide. Although natural waters pose a risk of drowning in low-income countries, swimming pools are more prevalent in high-income countries. In Saudi Arabia, injuries and drowning are a significant threat to population health.

Pilonidal sinus disease recurrence at a tertiary care center in Riyadh.

Background: Pilonidal sinus disease (PSD) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the sacrococcygeal area. Pilonidal sinus recurrence is a matter of concern to both patients and healthcare providers.

Objectives: Estimate the rate of PSD recurrence in our center and identify any risk factors contributing to disease recurrence.

Quality of life in vitiligo patients in central Saudi Arabia.

Objectives: To assess the quality of life (QoL) in patients with vitiligo in central Saudi Arabia using the dermatology life quality index (DLQI).

Methods: A cross-sectional study spanning over 6 months was conducted on 253 adult patients with vitiligo at the outpatient dermatology clinics of the National Center of Vitiligo (Light Clinics) and King Khalid University Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. The patients were asked to complete a self-administered questionnaire using an Arabic version of the DLQI to measure the impact of vitiligo on their QoL.

Prevalence and outcome of isoniazid-monoresistant tuberculosis at a university hospital in Saudi Arabia.

Objectives: To determine the prevalence and outcome in patients with isoniazid-monoresistant complex and compare them to those in patients with non-isoniazid-monoresistant .

Methods: This cross-sectional analytical study was conducted at King Khalid University Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. The data were retrospectively collected from the electronic medical records of patients who tested positive for between May 2015 and April 2019.