Harnessing Non-Antibiotic Strategies to Counter Multidrug-Resistant Clinical Pathogens with Special Reference to Antimicrobial Peptides and Their Coatings.

Antimicrobial resistance is a critical global challenge in the 21st century, validating Sir Alexander Fleming's warning about the misuse of antibiotics leading to resistant microbes. With a dwindling arsenal of effective antibiotics, it is imperative to concentrate on alternative antimicrobial strategies. Previous studies have not comprehensively discussed the advantages and limitations of various strategies, including bacteriophage therapy, probiotics, immunotherapies, photodynamic therapy, essential oils, nanoparticles and antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) within a single review.

The Wildcat That Lives in Me: A Review on Free-Roaming Cats () in Brazil, Focusing on Research Priorities, Management, and Their Impacts on Cat Welfare.

Domestic cats () currently occupy the 38th place in the Global Invasive Species Database. Free-roaming cats potentially have broad-ranging impacts on wildlife, occupying most terrestrial environments globally as house pets, strays, or feral animals. In Australia, for example, cats are responsible for the decline in many vertebrate populations and extinction of several native mammals.

Immune-Based and Novel Therapies in Variant Histology Renal Cell Carcinomas.

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a heterogeneous disease that represents the most common type of kidney cancer. The classification of RCC is primarily based on distinct morphological and molecular characteristics, with two broad categories: clear cell RCC (ccRCC) and non-clear cell RCC (nccRCC). Clear cell RCC is the predominant subtype, representing about 70-80% of all RCC cases, while non-clear cell subtypes collectively make up the remaining 20-30%.

Artificial Intelligence in Pediatric Electrocardiography: A Comprehensive Review.

Artificial intelligence (AI) is revolutionizing healthcare by offering innovative solutions for diagnosis, treatment, and patient management. Only recently has the field of pediatric cardiology begun to explore the use of deep learning methods to analyze electrocardiogram (ECG) data, aiming to enhance diagnostic accuracy, expedite workflows, and improve patient outcomes. This review examines the current state of AI-enhanced ECG interpretation in pediatric cardiology applications, drawing insights from adult AI-ECG research given the progress in this field.

Olivetol's Effects on Metabolic State and Gut Microbiota Functionality in Mouse Models of Alimentary Obesity, Diabetes Mellitus Type 1 and 2, and Hypercholesterolemia.

Background: Disorders of glucose and lipid metabolism, such as obesity, diabetes mellitus, or hypercholesterolemia, can cause serious complications, reduce quality of life, and lead to increased premature mortality. Olivetol, a natural compound, could be proposed as a promising therapeutic agent for preventing, treating, or alleviating metabolic complications of such pathological conditions.

Methods: In this study, the researchers conducted a broad parallel investigation of olivetol's effects on metabolic state and gut microbiota functionality in mouse models of alimentary obesity, diabetes mellitus type 1 and 2, and hypercholesterolemia.

Exploring in Ischemic Stroke and Moyamoya Disease: From Cellular Models to Clinical Insights.

Advances in stroke genetics have highlighted the critical role of rare genetic variants in cerebrovascular diseases, with emerging as a key player in ischemic stroke and Moyamoya disease (MMD). Initially identified as the primary susceptibility gene for MMD, -notably the p.R4810K variant-has been strongly linked to intracranial artery stenosis (ICAS) and various ischemic stroke subtypes, particularly in East Asian populations.

Pond Water eDNA Reflects Broad Consistency with Surrounding Terrestrial Plant Ecosystems.

This study evaluates the potential of using pond water eDNA to reflect the surrounding terrestrial plant communities, aiming to develop a sustainable, large-scale, and long-term monitoring method for plant diversity in forest ecosystems. Water samples were collected four times from two ponds with different vegetation types during the late spring to autumn seasons in Japan. eDNA was extracted from dissolved particles fractionated by sequential filtration through pore sizes of 200 µm, 5 µm, and 0.

Machine-Learning Parsimonious Prediction Model for Diagnostic Screening of Severe Hematological Adverse Events in Cancer Patients Treated with PD-1/PD-L1 Inhibitors: Retrospective Observational Study by Using the Common Data Model.

: Earlier detection of severe immune-related hematological adverse events (irHAEs) in cancer patients treated with a PD-1 or PD-L1 inhibitor is critical to improving treatment outcomes. The study aimed to develop a simple machine learning (ML) model for predicting irHAEs associated with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors. : We utilized the Observational Medical Outcomes Partnership-Common Data Model based on electronic medical records from a tertiary (KHMC) and a secondary (KHNMC) hospital in South Korea.

Accuracy of Artificial Intelligence Based Chatbots in Analyzing Orthopedic Pathologies: An Experimental Multi-Observer Analysis.

The rapid development of artificial intelligence (AI) is impacting the medical sector by offering new possibilities for faster and more accurate diagnoses. Symptom checker apps show potential for supporting patient decision-making in this regard. Whether the AI-based decision-making of symptom checker apps shows better performance in diagnostic accuracy and urgency assessment compared to physicians remains unclear.

Classification of Strawberry Maturity Stages and Varieties Using Neural Networks Based on Volatile Organic Compounds.

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are closely associated with the maturity and variety of strawberries. However, the complexity of VOCs hinders their potential application in strawberry classification. This study developed a novel classification workflow using strawberry VOC profiles and machine learning (ML) models for precise fruit classification.

Binding and cleavage of pro-urokinase by a tegument extract of Fasciola hepatica newly excysted juveniles activate the host fibrinolytic system.

Plasmin, the final product of fibrinolysis, is a broad-spectrum serine protease that degrades extracellular matrix (ECM) components, a function exploited by multiple pathogens for dissemination purposes. The trematode Fasciola hepatica is the leading cause of fasciolosis, a major disease of livestock and an emerging zoonosis in humans. Infection success depends on the ability of F.

Fc-binding nanodisc restores antiviral efficacy of antibodies with reduced neutralizing effects against evolving SARS-CoV-2 variants.

Passive antibody therapies, typically administered via parenteral routes, have played a crucial role in the initial response to the COVID-19 pandemic. However, the ongoing evolution of SARS-CoV-2 has revealed significant limitations of this approach, primarily due to mutational escape and the inadequate delivery of antibodies to the upper respiratory tract. To overcome these challenges, we propose a novel prophylactic strategy involving the intranasal delivery of an antibody in combination with an Fc-binding nanodisc.

Framework for types of metainferences in mixed methods research.

Background: The generation of metainferences is a core and significant feature of mixed methods research. In recent years, there has been some discussion in the literature about criteria for appraising the quality of metainferences, the processes for generating them, and the critical role that assessing the "fit" of quantitative and qualitative data and results plays in this generative process. However, little is known about the types of insights that emerge from generating metainferences.

Identification of Oligosaccharide Isomers Using Electrostatically Asymmetric OmpF Nanopore.

Glycans, unlike uniformly charged DNA and compositionally diverse peptides, are typically uncharged and exhibit rich stereoisomeric diversity in the glycosidic bonds between two monosaccharide units. This heterogeneity of charge and the structural complexity present significant challenges for accurate analysis. Herein, we developed a novel single-molecule oligosaccharide sensor, OmpF nanopore.

Uniform volumetric single-cell processing for organ-scale molecular phenotyping.

Extending single-cell analysis to intact tissues while maintaining organ-scale spatial information poses a major challenge due to unequal chemical processing of densely packed cells. Here we introduce Continuous Redispersion of Volumetric Equilibrium (CuRVE) in nanoporous matrices, a framework to address this challenge. CuRVE ensures uniform processing of all cells in organ-scale tissues by perpetually maintaining dynamic equilibrium of the tissue's gradually shifting chemical environment.

Genome-wide association analysis of composite sleep health scores in 413,904 individuals.

Recent genome-wide association studies (GWASs) of several individual sleep traits have identified hundreds of genetic loci, suggesting diverse mechanisms. Moreover, sleep traits are moderately correlated, so together may provide a more complete picture of sleep health, while illuminating distinct domains. Here we construct novel sleep health scores (SHSs) incorporating five core self-report measures: sleep duration, insomnia symptoms, chronotype, snoring, and daytime sleepiness, using additive (SHS-ADD) and five principal components-based (SHS-PCs) approaches.

A guide to the biogenesis and functions of endogenous small non-coding RNAs in animals.

Small non-coding RNAs can be categorized into two main classes: structural RNAs and regulatory RNAs. Structural RNAs, which are abundant and ubiquitously expressed, have essential roles in the maturation of pre-mRNAs, modification of rRNAs and the translation of coding transcripts. By contrast, regulatory RNAs are often expressed in a developmental-specific, tissue-specific or cell-type-specific manner and exert precise control over gene expression.

Functional genomics pipeline identifies CRL4 inhibition for the treatment of ovarian cancer.

Background: The goal of precision oncology is to find effective therapeutics for every patient. Through the inclusion of emerging therapeutics in a high-throughput drug screening platform, our functional genomics pipeline inverts the common paradigm to identify patient populations that are likely to benefit from novel therapeutic strategies.

Approach: Utilizing drug screening data across a panel of 46 cancer cell lines from 11 tumor lineages, we identified an ovarian cancer-specific sensitivity to the first-in-class CRL4 inhibitors KH-4-43 and 33-11.

Integrative proteogenomic analysis identifies COL6A3-derived endotrophin as a mediator of the effect of obesity on coronary artery disease.

Obesity strongly increases the risk of cardiometabolic diseases, yet the underlying mediators of this relationship are not fully understood. Given that obesity strongly influences circulating protein levels, we investigated proteins mediating the effects of obesity on coronary artery disease, stroke and type 2 diabetes. By integrating two-step proteome-wide Mendelian randomization, colocalization, epigenomics and single-cell RNA sequencing, we identified five mediators and prioritized collagen type VI α3 (COL6A3).

Transposon mediated functional genomic screening for BRAF inhibitor resistance reveals convergent Hippo and MAPK pathway activation events.

Genotype-informed anticancer therapies such as BRAF inhibitors can show remarkable clinical efficacy in BRAF-mutant melanoma; however, drug resistance poses a major hurdle to successful cancer treatment. Many resistance events to targeted therapies have been identified, suggesting a complex path to improve therapeutics. Here, we showed the utility of a piggyBac transposon activation mutagenesis screen for the efficient identification of genes that are resistant to BRAF inhibition in melanoma.

COFcap2, a recyclable tandem catalysis reactor for nitrogen fixation and conversion to chiral amines.

Two or more catalysts conducting multistep reactions in the same reactor, concurrent tandem catalysis, could enable (bio)pharmaceutical and fine chemical manufacturing to become much more sustainable. Herein we report that co-immobilization of metal nanoparticles and a biocatalytic system within a synthetic covalent organic framework capsule, COFcap-2, functions like an artificial cell in that, whereas the catalysts are trapped within 300-400 nm cavities, substrates/products can ingress/egress through ca. 2 nm windows.

One-Pot Regioselective Synthesis of Spiroimidazolidinones via a Sequential Ugi 4CR/Azide-Isocyanide Coupling/Cyclization/Rearrangement/Hydroxylation Reaction.

Herein a novel and robust methodology to spiroimidazolidinones has been developed under a mild reaction. The reaction of (Z)-2-azido-3-phenylacrylic acids , aldehydes , amines , isocyanides , and isocyanides produced regioselectively spiroimidazolidinones in 71-88% yields via a sequential Ugi 4CR/Pd(0) catalyzed azide-isocyanide coupling/cyclization/rearrangement/hydroxylation reaction. Furthermore, the easily accessible starting materials, high bond-forming efficiency, and broad substituent tolerance make this strategy useful in synthetic and medicinal chemistry.

A framework for ecologically and socially informed risk reduction before and after outbreaks of wildlife-borne zoonoses.

Despite increasing emphasis being placed on the inclusion of upstream ecological and social perspectives for zoonotic disease control, few guidelines exist for practitioners and decision makers to work with communities in identifying suitable, locally relevant interventions and integrating these into public health action plans. With an interdisciplinary group of Kenyan stakeholders, we designed and tested a comprehensive framework for the co-design, evaluation, and prioritisation of beneficiary-oriented, ecologically and socially informed interventions for preventing and controlling outbreaks of wildlife-borne zoonoses. Our approach used four globally important wildlife-borne pathogens-Rift Valley fever virus, Congo-Crimean haemorrhagic fever virus, and the causative agents of anthrax and rabies-enabling stakeholders to develop a shared understanding of complex transmission pathways, identify a broad array of measures targeting ecological, biological, and social processes governing outbreaks of these pathogens, and explore trade-offs for specific interventions.

Active starch-based film using polyvinyl alcohol and chlorogenic acid for strawberry preservation: A comparative analysis of mechanical, barrier, and antibacterial properties.

The broad application of starch films has been significantly limited by their insufficient hydrophobicity and antibacterial activity. To overcome these challenges, this study developed a new starch film by incorporating polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and chlorogenic acid. The study explored the impact of PVA polymerization on the physical and functional characteristics of the resulting films, with particular emphasis on enhancing antimicrobial functionality by incorporating chlorogenic acid.

Cropland associated with risk of Parkinson's disease in the northern Great Plains.

Introduction: We sought to identify regional associations between cropland density and crop types and PD in the U.S.

Methods: We conducted a population-based study of 21,639,190 Medicare beneficiaries, 89,790 with incident PD in 2009.