Insights into the lemon (Citrus limon) epiphytic microbiome: impact of the biocontrol yeast Clavispora lusitaniae 146.

Background: Postharvest lemons are affected by several fungal infections, and as alternatives to chemical fungicides for combating these infections, different microbial biocontrol agents have been studied, with the Clavispora lusitaniae 146 strain standing out. Although strain 146 has proven to be an effective agent, the influence of a microbial biological control agent on the postharvest lemon microbiome has not been studied until now. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate how the epiphytic microbiome of postharvest lemons is affected by the application of the biocontrol yeast C.

SARS-CoV-2 excretion and genetic evolution in nasopharyngeal and stool samples from primary immunodeficiency and immunocompetent pediatric patients.

Background: Primary Immunodeficiency disorders (PID) can increase the risk of severe COVID-19 and prolonged infection. This study investigates the duration of SARS-CoV-2 excretion and the genetic evolution of the virus in pediatric PID patients as compared to immunocompetent (IC) patients.

Materials And Methods: A total of 40 nasopharyngeal and 24 stool samples were obtained from five PID and ten IC children.

Pathogen delivery route impacts disease severity in experimental Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae infection of domestic lambs.

M. ovipneumoniae is a respiratory pathogen that can cause mild to moderate pneumonia and reduced productivity in domestic lambs. However, studies on both natural and experimental M.

Understanding the clinical and molecular epidemiological characteristics of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii infections within intensive care units of three teaching hospitals.

Background: Carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB) is recognized as a common clinical conditional pathogen with bla gene-mediated multidrug-resistance that is a significant threat to public health safety. Timely and effective infection control measures are needed to prevent their spread.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective study of CRAB patients at three teaching hospitals from 2019 to 2022.

Genetic determinants of silver nanoparticle resistance and the impact of gamma irradiation on nanoparticle stability.

Background: One of the main issues facing public health with microbial infections is antibiotic resistance. Nanoparticles (NPs) are among the best alternatives to overcome this issue. Silver nanoparticle (AgNPs) preparations are widely applied to treat multidrug-resistant pathogens.

Deciphering the nature and statistical optimization of antimicrobial metabolites of two endophytic bacilli.

In this study, Allium sativum, garlic, was selected to isolate endophytic bacteria and to evaluate the antimicrobial, antiviral, antioxidant, and cytotoxic activities of their produced metabolites followed by identification of the biosynthetic gene cluster of the antimicrobial metabolites using Oxford Nanopore Technology (ONT). Two bacterial isolates, C6 and C11, were found to have a broad-spectrum antagonistic effect against four standard microbial strains and were molecularly identified using 16 S ribosomal RNA sequence analysis and deposited in a local culture collection as B. velezensis CCASU-C6, and B.

Malassezia polysorbatinonusus sp. nov., a Novel Isolate from a Japanese Patient with Seborrheic Dermatitis.

We describe a novel Malassezia species named Malassezia polysorbatinonusus, isolated from a Japanese patient with seborrheic dermatitis. The internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of the isolate (LSEM 4845) were only 94.7% identical to those of M.

Differential roles of human CD4 and CD8 regulatory T cells in controlling self-reactive immune responses.

Here we analyzed the relative contributions of CD4 regulatory T cells expressing Forkhead box protein P3 (FOXP3) and CD8 regulatory T cells expressing killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors to the control of autoreactive T and B lymphocytes in human tonsil-derived immune organoids. FOXP3 and GZMB respectively encode proteins FOXP3 and granzyme B, which are critical to the suppressive functions of CD4 and CD8 regulatory T cells. Using CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing, we were able to achieve a reduction of ~90-95% in the expression of these genes.

Ribosomal A-site interactions with near-cognate tRNAs drive stop codon readthrough.

Transfer RNAs (tRNAs) serve as a dictionary for the ribosome translating the genetic message from mRNA into a polypeptide chain. In addition to this canonical role, tRNAs are involved in other processes such as programmed stop codon readthrough (SC-RT). There, tRNAs with near-cognate anticodons to stop codons must outcompete release factors and incorporate into the ribosomal decoding center to prevent termination and allow translation to continue.

Single-cell transcriptomics in a child with coenzyme Q10 nephropathy: potential of single-cell RNA sequencing in pediatric kidney disease.

Background: Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) nephropathy is a well-known cause of hereditary steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome, primarily impacting podocytes. This study aimed to elucidate variations in individual cell-level gene expression in CoQ10 nephropathy using single-cell transcriptomics.

Methods: We conducted single-cell sequencing of a kidney biopsy specimen from a 5-year-old boy diagnosed with a CoQ10 nephropathy caused by a compound heterozygous COQ2 mutation complicated with immune complex-mediated glomerulonephritis.

Photocatalytic removal of textile wastewater-originated methylene blue and malachite green dyes using spent black tea extract-coated silver nanoparticles.

The spent black tea extract was utilized in order to synthesize the spent black tea silver nanoparticles (SBT-AgNPs). Various parameters were tested to yield the best production of SBT-AgNPs. The characterization was conducted by X-Ray diffraction, Scanning electron microscopy, Zeta potential and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX).

Assessment of upper respiratory and gut bacterial microbiomes during COVID-19 infection in adults: potential aerodigestive transmission.

SARS-CoV-2 is the viral pathogen responsible for COVID-19. Although morbidity and mortality frequently occur as a result of lung disease, the gastrointestinal (GI) tract is recognized as a primary location for SARS-CoV-2. Connections and interactions between the microbiome of the gut and respiratory system have been linked with viral infections via what has been referred to as the 'gut-lung axis' with potential aerodigestive communication in health and disease.

Dysregulated autoantibodies targeting AGTR1 are associated with the accumulation of COVID-19 symptoms.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) presents a wide spectrum of symptoms, the causes of which remain poorly understood. This study explored the associations between autoantibodies (AABs), particularly those targeting G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) and renin‒angiotensin system (RAS) molecules, and the clinical manifestations of COVID-19. Using a cross-sectional analysis of 244 individuals, we applied multivariate analysis of variance, principal component analysis, and multinomial regression to examine the relationships between AAB levels and key symptoms.

The mutational landscape of Staphylococcus aureus during colonisation.

Staphylococcus aureus is an important human pathogen and a commensal of the human nose and skin. Survival and persistence during colonisation are likely major drivers of S. aureus evolution.

Schlesneria sphaerica sp. nov., a neutrophilic, xylan-degrading planctomycete from a mountain wetland, and emended description of the genus Schlesneria.

Aerobic chemoorganotrophic planctomycetes of the genus Schlesneria colonize a wide spectrum of freshwater ecosystems. The only described species of this genus, S. paludicola, is represented by ellipsoid-shaped, moderately acidophilic bacteria isolated from acidic peat bogs.

MALDI-TOF MS analysis for detection of bovine coronavirus with tryptic peptides from viral proteins.

Bovine coronavirus (BCoV）, a significant cattle pathogen causing enteric and respiratory diseases, is primarily detected using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Our objective was to develop a novel detection method for BCoV by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization‒time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS）. Peptide mass fingerprint analysis revealed that nucleocapsid (N）, membrane (M）, and hemagglutinin-esterase (HE) were three main BCoV proteins.

Harnessing the potential of Cupriavidus necator for CO capture from alcoholic fermentation and its bioconversion into poly(3-hydroxybutyrate).

The fermentation process in alcoholic beverage production converts sugars into ethanol and CO, releasing significant amounts of greenhouse gases. Here, Cupriavidus necator DSM 545 was grown autotrophically using gas derived from alcoholic fermentation, using a fed-batch bottle system. Nutrient starvation was applied to induce intracellular accumulation of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB), a bioplastic polymer, for bioconversion of CO-rich waste gas into PHB.

Direct microbial production of 2,3-Butanediol from inulin by Bacillus velezensis R22 through the synergistic action of membrane and cytoplasmic inulinases.

The present study investigates the natural ability of Bacillus velezensis R22 to produce 2,3-BD from two inulin-rich substrates - insoluble and soluble chicory flour. After complex optimization of the media content and process parameters by consecutive application of Plackett-Burman design and response surface methodology, the strain R22 was capable of producing 71.2 g/L (95.

Secondary bile acid derivatives are contributors to the fecal bile acid pool and associated with bile acid modulating nutrients.

Objective: Accumulation of hydrophobic bile acids is linked with cancer development. However, derivatives of deoxycholic acid (DCA) and lithocholic acid (LCA) produced via bacterial metabolism may mitigate the proinflammatory and cytotoxic effects of hydrophobic bile acids. The impact of diet on secondary bile acid (BA) derivative production has not been determined.

Gymnema saponin-induced lipid flip-flop identifies rigid membrane phenotype of methicillin resistant S. aureus and enhances it's antibiotic susceptibility.

Our previous study revealed that lipid flip-flop inducing phytochemicals from Gymnema sylvestre increase membrane permeability of antimicrobials in S. aureus. However, their lipid flipping and membrane permeabilizing effect on methicillin resistant S.

Staphylococcus aureus: dynamics of pathogenicity and antimicrobial-resistance in hospital and community environments - comprehensive overview.

This study reviews Staphylococcus aureus, a significant pathogen in both hospital and community-acquired infections, addressing its epidemiology, pathogenesis, and antimicrobial resistance. It highlights virulence mechanisms, such as adhesion factors, toxins, enzymes, and biofilms, which contribute to survival and immune evasion. The spread of resistance occurs through the transfer of mobile genetic elements like SCCmec and genetic mutations.

Oral obeldesivir provides postexposure protection against Marburg virus in nonhuman primates.

The recent outbreak of Marburg virus (MARV) in Rwanda underscores the need for effective countermeasures against this highly fatal pathogen, with case fatality rates reaching 90%. Currently, no vaccines or approved treatments exist for MARV infection, distinguishing it from related viruses like Ebola. Our research demonstrates that the oral drug obeldesivir (ODV), a nucleoside analog prodrug, shows promising antiviral activity against filoviruses in vitro and offers significant protection in animal models.

Repeated injections of isovaline lead to analgesic tolerance and cross-tolerance to salicylate but not to morphine in male mice.

Tolerance to the antinociceptive effects of opioids is a major concern. Studies have shown that chronic use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory (NSAIDs) causes significant tolerance and cross-tolerance to morphine. Chronic NSAIDs use can increase the risk of certain diseases, such as peptic ulcers, and exacerbate others, like heart failure.

Evaluation of antibacterial and antifungal activities of a commercially available herbal mouthwash in accordance with the PN-EN 1040 and EN 1650 standards.

Periodontitis is complex microbial plaque induced condition. In this study, HiOra herbal mouthwash widely marketed in India, achieved a 5-log reduction in standard fungi and bacterial strains within 60 min. Thereby demonstrating antibacterial and antifungal activity similar to chlorhexidine and accordance with the PN EN 1040 and EN 1650 standards.