Systematic Review of Digital Phenotyping and Machine Learning in Psychosis Spectrum Illnesses.

Background: Digital phenotyping is the use of data from smartphones and wearables collected in situ for capturing a digital expression of human behaviors. Digital phenotyping techniques can be used to analyze both passively (e.g.

Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Disease Severity on Admission Chest Radiographs among Patients Admitted with Confirmed Coronavirus Disease 2019: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Background Disease severity on chest radiographs has been associated with higher risk of disease progression and adverse outcomes from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Few studies have evaluated COVID-19-related racial and/or ethnic disparities in radiology. Purpose To evaluate whether non-White minority patients hospitalized with confirmed COVID-19 infection presented with increased severity on admission chest radiographs compared with White or non-Hispanic patients.

Cost-effectiveness analysis of multimodal prognostication in cardiac arrest with EEG monitoring.

Objective: To determine cost-effectiveness parameters for EEG monitoring in cardiac arrest prognostication.

Methods: We conducted a cost-effectiveness analysis to estimate the cost per quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) gained by adding continuous EEG monitoring to standard cardiac arrest prognostication using the American Academy of Neurology Practice Parameter (AANPP) decision algorithm: neurologic examination, somatosensory evoked potentials, and neuron-specific enolase. We explored lifetime cost-effectiveness in a closed system that incorporates revenue back into the medical system (return) from payers who survive a cardiac arrest with good outcome and contribute to the health system during the remaining years of life.

Trust, Conflicts of Interest, and Concussion Reporting in College Football Players.

Sports medicine clinicians face conflicts of interest in providing medical care to athletes. Using a survey of college football players, this study evaluates whether athletes are aware of these conflicts of interest, whether these conflicts affect athlete trust in their health care providers, or whether conflicts or athletes' trust in stakeholders are associated with athletes' injury reporting behaviors.

Nonconsensual Dose Reduction Mandates are Not Justified Clinically or Ethically: An Analysis.

This manuscript describes the institutional and clinical considerations that apply to the question of whether to mandate opioid dose reduction in patients who have received opioids long-term. It describes how a calamitous rise in addiction and overdose involving opioids has both led to a clinical recalibration by healthcare providers, and to strong incentives favoring forcible opioid reduction by policy making agencies. Neither the 2016 Guideline issued by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention nor clinical evidence can justify or promote such policies as safe or effective.

Psychiatric Assessment of Social Impairment Across the Lifespan.

Although autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is the prototypical psychiatric disorder of social impairment, several if not most psychiatric disorders are characterized by prominent impairments in social functioning. A challenge in clinically assessing and describing social impairment is that it has been variably defined and can be difficult to measure. In this article we consider the psychiatric differential diagnosis of social impairment within the DSM-5 framework.

What We Know About Massively Multiplayer Online Role-Playing Games.

The fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders defines internet gaming disorder without differentiating games from their respective genres, such as first-person shooter versus real-time strategy versus online gaming. Our review of the literature on massively multiplayer online role-playing games (MMORPGs) suggests that MMORPGs are different from other games because they are the most addictive, and therefore deserve to be looked at separately. MMORPGs are internet platforms for online users to interact with each other in a virtual story line.

Approach to Evaluating and Managing Adult Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Primary Care.

Requests for the evaluation of potential adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is on the rise across primary care clinics. Many health care providers, however, may feel ill equipped to diagnose and manage adults presenting with inattention and impulsivity. The diagnosis of ADHD is often complicated by medical and psychiatric conditions that can contribute to inattention symptoms.

Late-Life Depression: A Narrative Review on Risk Factors and Prevention.

After participating in this activity, learners should be better able to:• Identify risk factors for late-life depression• Evaluate strategies to prevent late-life depression ABSTRACT: Late-life depression (LLD) is one of the major sources of morbidity and mortality in the world. Because LLD is related to increased public health burden, excess health care costs and utilization, reduced quality of life, and increased mortality, prevention is a priority. Older adults differ from younger adults with respect to key features, such as their chronicity and lifetime burden of depression and their constellation of comorbidities and risk factors.