Psychiatric Symptoms Across the Menstrual Cycle in Adult Women: A Comprehensive Review.

Learning Objective: After participating in this activity, learners should be better able to:• Discuss and outline the general and overlapping effects of the menstrual cycle on women's mental health.

Abstract: A growing body of research demonstrates menstrual cycle-dependent fluctuations in psychiatric symptoms; these fluctuations can therefore be considered as prevalent phenomena. Possible mechanisms underlying these fluctuations posit behavioral, psychological, and neuroendocrine influences.

From the Blood-Brain Barrier to Childhood Development: A Case of Acute-Onset Psychosis and Cognitive Impairment Attributed to Systemic Lupus Erythematosus in an Adolescent Female.

After participating in this CME activity, the clinician will be better able to:• Interpret classifications of neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus (NPSLE).• Identify determining factors of neuropsychiatric events.• Analyze current evidence regarding disease pathways for NPSLE.

The Effects of Peripheral Inflammation on the Brain-A Neuroimaging Perspective.

In the field of neuropsychiatry, neuroinflammation is one of the prevailing hypotheses to explain the pathophysiology of mood and psychotic disorders. Neuroinflammation encompasses an ill-defined set of pathophysiological processes in the central nervous system that cause neuronal or glial atrophy or death and disruptions in neurotransmitter signaling, resulting in cognitive and behavioral changes. Positron emission tomography for the brain-based translocator protein has been shown to be a useful tool to measure glial activation in neuropsychiatric disorders.

Approaching Identity Problems Common in Clinical Practice.

The concept of identity is pervasive in psychology and culture, but clinicians have lacked a conceptual framework for addressing problems related to identity. After reviewing the development of identity, I distinguish four of the most common categories of such problems and consider approaches to each: identity diffusion, distorted identity, threats to identity, and difficulty integrating disparate aspects of one's identity. While making identity a focus of clinical attention can strengthen the alliance and place the treatment within a larger context, doing so raises moral questions about the clinician's role as an agent of validation or change.

Enhancing Quality Supervision for the Delivery of Mental Health Care Through Nonspecialist Clinicians in Resource-Limited Settings.

Supervision of nonspecialist clinicians by trained mental health professionals is integral to developing capacity for providing mental health care in low-resource settings. Current supervision efforts in low-resource settings, however, are often variable in quality. Scant published literature addresses how supervision practices affect treatment outcomes; only a few studies have been published on evidence-based supervision methods.

Challenges and Strategies to Mitigate Problematic Social Media Use in Psychiatric Disorders.

Learning Objectives: After participating in this activity, learners should be better able to:• Outline and discuss strategies to mitigate problematic social media use in psychiatric disorders• Identify solutions to encourage healthy use.

Abstract: Social media has been found to contribute to a variety of different psychiatric disorders, with recent research showing a complex relationship between social media use and mental health outcomes. This article outlines how the strategies that social media sites utilize to increase user engagement can differentially affect individuals with psychiatric disorders, and proposes solutions that may promote more healthy use.

On a Quantitative Approach to Clinical Neuroscience in Psychiatry: Lessons from the Kuramoto Model.

The human brain is a complex system comprising subregions that dynamically exchange information between its various parts through synchronization. These dynamic, complex interactions ultimately play a role in perception, emotion, cognition, and behavior, as well as in various maladaptive neurologic and psychiatric processes. It is therefore important to understand how brain dynamics might be implicated in these processes.

Defining Heterogeneous Cognitive Trajectories in Bipolar Disorder: A Perspective.

Bipolar disorder (BD) is a highly disabling mental illness that affects approximately 1% of the global population. Cognitive capacity is a strong predictor of "everyday" functional outcome in BD and should thus be considered a key treatment target. Interventions to improve cognition have been largely unsuccessful, likely due to the substantial heterogeneity inherent to the illness.

Timing of Ocular Hypertension After Pediatric Closed-Globe Traumatic Hyphema: Implications for Surveillance.

Purpose: To evaluate the timing of ocular hypertension (OHT) after pediatric closed-globe injury (CGI) and traumatic hyphema. We hypothesize that OHT will occur at different times based on injury characteristics.

Design: Retrospective, cohort study.

Bridging the Gap: Strategies to Make Psychiatric Neuroimaging Clinically Relevant.

Psychiatric neuroimaging has had limited impact on the clinical care of psychiatric disorders. Despite decades of discoveries of abnormalities in brain circuits, neuroimaging findings have not translated into clinical application. Some have proposed the solution to this problem is larger samples and increasing amounts of imaging data per individual.

Cannabis Use in Older Adults: A Perspective.

The prevalence of cannabis use among older adults (aged 65 and above) for both recreational and medicinal purposes has significantly increased in recent years. Information regarding the safety of cannabis in this population is important since aging is associated with metabolic changes, multiple morbidities, increases in prescription medication use, and an overall decline in functioning. In this Perspectives article, we review special considerations pertinent to older adults-specifically, the impact of cannabis on cognition and on falls and injuries, its drug interactions, and its potential medicinal applications for treating the behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia.

Acquisition and Interpretation of Digital Information in Forensic Assessments.

Despite the now ubiquitous presence of technology in everyday life, there is little written on the subject of personal digital data as it pertains to forensic mental health evaluations. Ethical concerns and limited consensus guidance on this issue have previously made it challenging to use this information in a responsible way. This Perspectives article elaborates on the different types of personal data that exist and the practical aspects of acquiring such information, including data location and legal considerations.

Physician Work Hours and the Gender Pay Gap - Evidence from Primary Care.

Background: The gender gap in physician pay is often attributed in part to women working fewer hours than men, but evidence to date is limited by self-report and a lack of detail regarding clinical revenue and gender differences in practice style.

Methods: Using national all-payer claims and data from electronic health records, we conducted a cross-sectional analysis of 24.4 million primary care office visits in 2017 and performed comparisons between female and male physicians in the same practices.