Leukoreduction in a dog with acute leukemia.

A 9-year-old male castrated golden retriever cross was evaluated for an acute onset of ataxia. A complete blood count revealed marked leukocytosis, anemia, and thrombocytopenia. Leukocytosis was characterized by marked lymphocytosis, monocytosis, neutropenia, and eosinopenia.

Infarctive encephalopathy in zoo-housed gibbons in North America.

Progressive neurologic signs without a known underlying etiology have been observed in managed gibbon populations housed at institutions in North America. In 2018, the Gibbon Species Survival Plan initiated a veterinary survey to evaluate clinical histories among gibbons displaying neurologic signs. The clinical results of this survey as well as the results of a centralized histologic review of brain samples from 5 species of managed gibbons displaying neurologic signs are outlined here.

Comparison of three approaches for accessory lung lobectomy in the canine cadaveric model: Intercostal thoracotomy, median sternotomy, and a transdiaphragmatic approach combined with caudal median sternotomy.

Objective: To describe a combined transdiaphragmatic and caudal median sternotomy (TDCM) approach to the accessory lung lobe and to compare its accessibility with intercostal thoracotomy (ICT) and median sternotomy (MS).

Study Design: Cadaveric study.

Animals: Twelve canine cadavers.

Association of proteinuria at time of diagnosis with survival times in dogs with lymphoma.

Background: Lymphoma has been implicated as a possible cause of proteinuria in dogs. However, information about the potential importance of proteinuria in dogs with lymphoma is limited.

Hypothesis: To determine if the presence of proteinuria at diagnosis was associated with median survival times in dogs with lymphoma and if lymphoma stage (I-V) or type (B vs T) were associated with the presence of proteinuria.

Magnet-assisted endoscopic removal of ferromagnetic metallic gastric foreign bodies in 4 dogs.

Objective: Describe presenting signs, diagnostic findings, and magnet-assisted endoscopic removal method of ferromagnetic gastric foreign bodies (FBs) in dogs.

Clinical Presentation: Four dogs presented with ingestion of sharp metallic FBs. The presence of gastric FBs was confirmed by abdominal radiography.

Outcomes of 15 dogs and two cats with metabone fractures treated with fluoroscopically guided normograde metabone pinning.

Objective: To report the outcomes of 15 dogs and two cats with metabone fractures treated with fluoroscopically guided normograde metabone pinning (FGNMP).

Study Design: Retrospective case series.

Animals: A total of 15 client owned dogs and two cats with 57 metabone fractures.

Pseudohypoaldosteronism and acquired renal aldosterone resistance with hyperkalemic type IV renal tubular acidosis in 2 cats.

This report describes the diagnosis and treatment of aldosterone resistance (AR) and acquired hyperkalemic type IV renal tubular acidosis (RTA) in 2 cats comparable to acquired pseudohypoaldosteronism in people. One cat developed AR from chronic kidney disease after an acute kidney injury and was treated with furosemide per os, which resolved the hyperkalemic RTA. The second cat developed transient AR secondary to a bacterial urinary tract infection associated with urethral catheterization, and treatment with antibiotics resolved the hyperkalemic RTA.

International renal interest society best practice consensus guidelines for intermittent hemodialysis in dogs and cats.

Intermittent hemodialysis (IHD) is an advanced adjunctive standard of care for severe acute kidney injury (AKI) and other indications. Most animals with AKI are managed medically, however, when the disease is severe, medical management may not control the consequences of the disease, and animals with a potential for renal recovery may die from the consequences of uremia before recovery has occurred. Extracorporeal therapies aid the management of AKI by expanding the window of opportunity for recovery of sufficient kidney function to become dialysis independent.

International Renal Interest Society best practice consensus guidelines for the diagnosis and management of acute kidney injury in cats and dogs.

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is defined as an injury to the renal parenchyma, with or without a decrease in kidney function, as reflected by accumulation of uremic toxins or altered urine production (i.e., increased or decreased).

Untargeted metabolomic profiles reveal widespread metabolic perturbations and identify candidate biomarkers in aminoaciduric canine hypoaminoacidemic hepatopathy syndrome.

Objective: To identify metabolites and metabolic pathways affected in dogs with aminoaciduric canine hypoaminoacidemic hepatopathy syndrome (ACHES) compared to healthy control (CON) dogs of similar ages and breeds. To improve our understanding of ACHES pathophysiology and identify novel candidate biomarkers associated with ACHES.

Animals: A prospective case-control study.

Adeno-associated virus-vectored erythropoietin gene therapy for anemia in cats with chronic kidney disease.

Background: A treatment of chronic kidney disease (CKD)-associated anemia in cats is needed. SB-001 is an adeno-associated virus-vectored (AAV)-based gene therapeutic agent that is administered intramuscularly, causing the expression of feline erythropoietin.

Hypothesis/objective: We hypothesized that SB-001 injection would lead to a sustained increase in PCV in cats with CKD-associated anemia.

Nephrology in Veterinary Medicine.

Veterinary nephrology is a specialized field of veterinary medicine providing a high level of care for animals with all types of kidney disease. Veterinarians complete extensive training to become board-certified in veterinary nephrology-urology. Companion animal nephrology is the most advanced field; however, all species are afflicted by a variety of renal disorders.

Population pharmacokinetic analysis of enrofloxacin and its active metabolite ciprofloxacin after intravenous injection to cats with reduced kidney function.

Background: It is unknown if enrofloxacin accumulates in plasma of cats with reduced kidney function.

Hypothesis: To determine if enrofloxacin and its active metabolite ciprofloxacin have reduced clearance in azotemic cats.

Animals: Thirty-four cats hospitalized for clinical illness with variable degree of kidney function.

A multicenter prospective evaluation of owner medication adherence for feline cardiovascular disease in the referral setting.

Objective: The aim of this paper is to evaluate owners' chronic medication adherence for management of feline cardiovascular disease in the small animal referral setting.

Animals, Materials And Methods: A questionnaire-based study of owners at five multispecialty, small animal referral centers was conducted. Owners completed a written survey evaluating demographics, degree of medication adherence, and difficulties encountered for medication adherence.

Pathology in Practice.

In collaboration with the American College of Veterinary Pathologists.

Assessment of age, gender, and anxiety on ECG waveform morphology in a large population of domestic dogs.

Cardiovascular diseases are major causes of death in the western world and this incidence increases in the elderly population. With aging, there are physiologic changes to the cardiac structure secondary to adipose tissue deposition, calcification of valve leaflets and changes in the structure of the heart including atrial remodeling. Such changes can make the myocardium more susceptible to stress leading to a higher prevalence of cardiovascular diseases in the aging population.

Pathology in Practice.

In collaboration with the American College of Veterinary Pathologists.

An analysis of client complaints and their effects on veterinary support staff.

Background: Veterinarians and support staff have been reporting the negative mental health effects from client complaints (CC). A previous study was performed evaluating these effects in veterinarians however no such study has been performed on veterinary support staff (VSS).

Objectiv: The purpose of this study was to investigate the frequency and effects of CCs on VSS.

Ultrasonic Doppler-guided catheterization of the dorsal pedal artery in dogs and cats under general anesthesia.

Background And Objective: Noninvasive blood pressure measurements are less accurate than direct measurements but arterial catheterization for direct blood pressure monitoring can be challenging especially in patients with a nonpalpable pulse. The purpose of this study is to describe a novel technique of locating the dorsal pedal arterial pulse using a portable ultrasonic Doppler for arterial catheter placement.

Key Findings: Using the described technique in anesthetized dogs and cats with strong (n = 13) to weak dorsal pedal pulses (n = 6), the overall success rate of arterial puncture was 70% (19/27) with successful catheterization in 53% (10/19) of those.

Effect of urine-specific gravity on performance of bacteriuria in predicting urine culture results.

Objective: To determine the effect of urine-specific gravity (USG) on using microscopic evaluation of bacteriuria to predict urine culture results in dogs and cats.

Materials And Methods: We performed a retrospective medical record review of canine and feline patients that had a urinalysis and urine culture performed simultaneously. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of microscopic bacteriuria for predicting urine culture results were calculated, stratified by USG.

Evaluation of owner medication adherence for canine cardiovascular disease in the referral setting.

Objective: To evaluate owners' medication adherence for management of cardiovascular disease in the small animal specialty setting.

Animals, Materials, And Methods: A questionnaire-based study of owners at a single, multispecialty, small animal referral center was conducted. Owners completed a written survey evaluating demographics, degree of medication adherence, and difficulties encountered for medication adherence.

Therapeutic plasma exchange to mitigate flunixin meglumine overdose in a cria.

Objective: To describe the use of therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) in the treatment of flunixin meglumine overdose in a cria.

Case Summary: A 3-day-old alpaca cria was diagnosed with ureteral obstruction and agenesis resulting in severe bilateral hydronephrosis. During hospitalization, the cria inadvertently received a flunixin meglumine overdose of >65 mg/kg.