CAR T-cells in autoimmunity: game changer or stepping stone?

The advent of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cells has revolutionized the treatment landscape for hematologic malignancies, and emerging evidence suggests their potential in autoimmune diseases (AIDs). This article examines the early successes and future implications of B-cell-targeting CAR T-cell therapy in AIDs. Initial applications, particularly in refractory systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), have demonstrated significant and durable clinical remissions, with accompanying evaluation of the immune system suggesting a so-called "reset" of innate inflammation and adaptive autoimmunity.

Photon counting CT versus energy-integrating CT: A comparative evaluation of advances in image resolution, noise, and dose efficiency.

Background: Photon counting computed tomography (PCCT) employs direct and spectrally resolved counting of individual x-ray quanta, enhancing image quality compared to the standard energy-integrating CT (EICT).

Purpose: To evaluate the quantitative improvements in CT image quality metrics by comparing the first medical PCCT with a state-of-the-art EICT.

Methods: The PCCT versus EICT noise improvement ratio R was derived from the quantum statistics of the measurement process and measured across the clinical x-ray flux range for both systems.

Single-Atom Catalysts on C3N4: Minimizing Single Atom Pt Loading for Maximized Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production Efficiency.

The use of metal single atoms (SAs) as co-catalysts on semiconductors has emerged as a promising technology to enhance their photocatalytic hydrogen production performance. In this study, we describe the deposition of very low amounts of Pt SAs (<0.1 at%) on exfoliated graphitic carbon nitride (C3N4) by a direct Pt-deposition approach from highly dilute chloroplatinic acid precursors.

An Unusual Case of Pelvic Congestion Syndrome: A Case Report.

This manuscript presents a case of a 35-year-old nulligravida premenopausal woman who presented with acute abdominal pain due to pelvic congestion syndrome (PCS). PCS is characterized by multiple pathophysiological mechanisms and various clinical presentations. Our patient was nulliparous with no history of abdominal surgery.

Polyol pathway-generated fructose is indispensable for growth and survival of non-small cell lung cancer.

Despite recent treatment advances, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide, and therefore it necessitates the exploration of new therapy options. One commonly shared feature of malignant cells is their ability to hijack metabolic pathways to confer survival or proliferation. In this study, we highlight the importance of the polyol pathway (PP) in NSCLC metabolism.

Conventional (bone-type) giant cell tumor of the larynx: the first case with proven H3-3A: c.103G >T (p.Gly35Trp) mutation.

This report documents the first case of a conventional (bone-type) giant cell tumor of the larynx, in which the diagnosis was confirmed by molecular genetic analysis. A 50-year-old non-smoking man experienced progressive hoarseness lasting for 3 months. Imaging showed a 40-mm tumor arising from the right thyroid cartilage.

Laryngeal Mucosal Tumor Mapping with Narrow Band Imaging and Confocal Laser Endomicroscopy.

Confocal laser endomicroscopy (CLE) represents an emerging probe-based intraoperative optical imaging modality, contingent on differential fluoroscein uptake, equipped to improve intraoperative identification of subclinical mucosal disease. In the analysis herein, we describe improved sensitivity, compared to narrow band imaging and small-volume tissue biopsies, of CLE in the discrimination of occult disease based on cellular and subcellular morphology during endoscopic resection of early-staged larynx cancers. Laryngoscope, 2024.

Comparative assessment of breast volume using a smartphone device versus MRI.

Background: Assessment of breast volume has a relevance for aesthetic surgery and for the prevention and prediction of breast diseases. This study investigated breast volume measurements using a three-dimensional (3D) body surface scanner integrated in a smartphone device in comparison with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans.

Methods: Breast volume was assessed for 22 women who underwent routine MRI imaging.

Neurosteroids Alter p-ERK Levels and Tau Distribution, Restraining the Effects of High Extracellular Calcium.

Neurosteroids are undeniably regarded as neuroprotective mediators, regulating brain function by rapid non-genomic actions involving interference with microtubules. Conversely, hyperphosphorylated Tau is considered responsible for the onset of a plethora of neurodegenerative diseases, as it dissociates from microtubules, leading to their destabilization, thus impairing synaptic vesicle transport and neurotransmission. Consequently, we aimed to investigate the effects of neurosteroids, specifically allopregnanolone (Allo) and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), on the levels of total and phosphorylated at Serine 404 Tau (p-Tau) in C57BL/6 mice brain slices.

Germline variants of homology-directed repair or mismatch repair genes in cervical cancer.

While cervical cancer is associated with a persistent human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, the progression to cancer is influenced by genomic risk factors that have remained largely obscure. Pathogenic variants in genes of the homology-directed repair (HDR) or mismatch repair (MMR) are known to predispose to diverse tumour entities including breast and ovarian cancer (HDR) or colon and endometrial cancer (MMR). We here investigate the spectrum of HDR and MMR germline variants in cervical cancer, with particular focus on the HPV status and histological subgroups.

Reliability and Validity of Ultrasound in Identifying Anatomical Landmarks for Diagnosing A2 Pulley Ruptures: A Cadaveric Study.

: Rock climbing is becoming more popular, leading to an increased focus on diagnosing and treating related injuries. Finger pulley and flexor tendon injuries are common among climbers, with the A2 pulley being the most frequently affected. High-resolution ultrasound (US) is the preferred method for detecting pulley injuries.

Enhanced Photocatalytic Paracetamol Degradation by NiCu-Modified TiO Nanotubes: Mechanistic Insights and Performance Evaluation.

Anodic TiO nanotube arrays decorated with Ni, Cu, and NiCu alloy thin films were investigated for the first time for the photocatalytic degradation of paracetamol in water solution under UV irradiation. Metallic co-catalysts were deposited on TiO nanotubes using magnetron sputtering. The influence of the metal layer composition and thickness on the photocatalytic activity was systematically studied.

FGFR3::TACC3 fusions in head and neck carcinomas: a study of nine cases highlighting phenotypic heterogeneity, frequent HPV association, and a morphologically distinct subset in favor of a putative entity.

The FGFR3::TACC3 fusion has been reported in subsets of diverse cancers including urothelial and squamous cell carcinomas (SCC). However, the morphology of FGFR3::TACC3-positive head and neck carcinomas has not been well studied and it is unclear if this fusion represents a random event, or if it might characterize a morphologically distinct tumor type. We describe nine FGFR3::TACC3 fusion-positive head and neck carcinomas affecting six males and three females aged 38 to 89 years (median, 59).

[Stress fractures of the growth plates in the fingers of adolescent rock climbers].

Background: Primary periphyseal stress injuries (PPSI) of the hand and fingers are a rare condition overall but are most commonly seen in adolescent rock climbers and is the most common sport-specific injury in young climbers. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial for a good treatment outcome and to avoid chronic sport-related injury.

Objective: The aim of the study is to introduce the injury to a wider audience.

The chemical composition of secondary organic aerosols regulates transcriptomic and metabolomic signaling in an epithelial-endothelial in vitro coculture.

Background: The formation of secondary organic aerosols (SOA) by atmospheric oxidation reactions substantially contributes to the burden of fine particulate matter (PM), which has been associated with adverse health effects (e.g., cardiovascular diseases).

Accuracy of ultra-high resolution and virtual non-calcium reconstruction algorithm for stenosis evaluation with photon-counting CT: results from a dynamic phantom study.

Background: We compared ultra-high resolution (UHR), standard resolution (SR), and virtual non-calcium (VNCa) reconstruction for coronary artery stenosis evaluation using photon-counting computed tomography (PC-CT).

Methods: One vessel phantom (4-mm diameter) containing solid calcified lesions with 25% and 50% stenoses inside a thorax phantom with motion simulation underwent PC-CT using UHR (0.2-mm slice thickness) and SR (0.