Nonribosomal peptides protect 4A2e from amoebal and nematodal predation.

The rhizosphere is a highly competitive environment forcing bacteria to evolve strategies to oppose their enemies. The production of toxic secondary metabolites allows bacteria to counteract predators. In this study, we describe the anti-predator armamentarium of the soil-derived bacterium 4A2e.

Modeling Hemolytic-Uremic Syndrome: In-Depth Characterization of Distinct Murine Models Reflecting Different Features of Human Disease.

Diarrhea-positive hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS) is a renal disorder that results from infections with Shiga-toxin (Stx)-producing . The aim of this study was to establish well-defined refined murine models of HUS that can serve as preclinical tools to elucidate molecular mechanisms of disease development. C57BL/6J mice were subjected to different doses of Stx2 purified from an O157:H7 patient isolate.

Influence of 18-Crown-6 Ether Coordination on the Catalytic Activity of Potassium and Calcium Diarylphosphinites in Hydrophosphorylation Reactions.

The addition of 18-crown-6 ether (1,4,7,10,13,16-hexaoxacyclooctadecane) to tetranuclear [(thf)K(OPAryl)] and [(thf)Ca(OPAryl)] yields the corresponding mononuclear complexes [(18C6)K(OPAryl)] [Aryl = Ph (1a), Mes (1b)] and [(18C6)Ca(OPAryl)] [Aryl = Ph (2a), Mes (2b)]. The metathesis reaction of [(thf)K(OPAryl)] with CaI yields the calciate [KCa(thf){OPMes}]. The addition of dimesitylphosphane oxide and crystallization from a hexane solution gives [KCa{OPMes}{MesP(O)H}] (3).

A Genome-Scale Database and Reconstruction of Caenorhabditis elegans Metabolism.

We present a genome-scale model of Caenorhabditis elegans metabolism along with the public database ElegCyc (http://elegcyc.bioinf.uni-jena.

Time-resolved functional analysis of acute impairment of frataxin expression in an inducible cell model of Friedreich ataxia.

Friedreich ataxia is a neurodegenerative disease caused by a GAA triplet repeat expansion in the first intron of the frataxin gene, which results in reduced expression levels of the corresponding protein. Despite numerous animal and cellular models, therapeutic options that mechanistically address impaired frataxin expression are lacking. Here, we have developed a new mammalian cell model employing the Cre/loxP recombination system to induce a homozygous or heterozygous frataxin knockout in mouse embryonic fibroblasts.

Expression of androgen-binding protein (ABP) in human cardiac myocytes.

Cardiomyocytes are known to be androgen targets. Changing systemic steroid levels are thought to be linked to various cardiac ailments, including dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). The mode of action of gonadal steroid hormones on the human heart is unknown to date.