Effects of Pregnancy and Lactation on Bone Microstructure and Material Properties in a Rat Model of Bariatric Surgery.

Obesity is a major public health issue worldwide. Despite various approaches to weight loss, the most effective technique for reducing obesity, as well as diabetes and associated diseases, is bariatric surgery. Increasingly, young women without children are undergoing bariatric surgery, vertical sleeve gastrectomy (VSG) being the most common procedure nowadays.

Mapping the neural substrate of high dual-task gait cost in older adults across the cognitive spectrum.

The dual task cost of gait (DTC) is an accessible and cost-effective test that can help identify individuals with cognitive decline and dementia. However, its neural substrate has not been widely described. This study aims to investigate the neural substrate of the high DTC in older adults across the spectrum of cognitive decline.

Description and characterization of pneumococcal community acquired pneumonia (CAP) among radiologically confirmed CAP in outpatients.

Streptococcus pneumoniae (SP) remains an important cause of community acquired pneumonia (CAP). We aimed to describe the prevalence and characteristics of outpatients with radiologically confirmed pneumococcal CAP. Between November 2017 and December 2019, a French network of general practitioners enrolled CAP-suspected adults, with ≥1 clinical signs of infection and ≥1 signs of pulmonary localization in an observational study.

Delivery of Prime editing in human stem cells using pseudoviral NanoScribes particles.

Prime Editing can rewrite genes in living cells by allowing point mutations, deletions, or insertion of small DNA sequences with high precision. However, its safe and efficient delivery into human stem cells remains a technical challenge. In this report, we engineer Nanoscribes, virus-like particles that encapsidate ribonucleoprotein complexes of the Prime Editing system and allow their delivery into recipient cells.

Preclinical and clinical study on type 3 metabotropic glutamate receptors in Parkinson's disease.

Metabotropic glutamate (mGlu) receptors are candidate drug targets for therapeutic intervention in Parkinson's disease (PD). Here we focused on mGlu3, a receptor subtype involved in synaptic regulation and neuroinflammation. mGlu3 mice showed an enhanced nigro-striatal damage and microglial activation in response to 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP).

Early treatment discontinuation in patients with deficient mismatch repair or microsatellite instability high metastatic colorectal cancer receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors.

Background: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are recommended to treat patients with deficient mismatch repair/microsatellite instability high (dMMR/MSI-H) metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). Pivotal trials have fixed a maximum ICI duration of 2 years, without a compelling rationale. A shorter treatment duration has the potential to improve patients' quality of life and reduce both toxicity and cost without compromising efficacy.

Intranasal exposure to commensal bacterium Rothia mucilaginosa protects against influenza A virus infection.

The respiratory tract hosts a diverse microbial community whose composition varies with anatomical location and throughout life. Rothia mucilaginosa, a common commensal of the upper respiratory tract and oral cavity, has recently been recognized for its ability to inhibit bacteria-triggered pro-inflammatory responses. However, its role in modulating the immune response to viral infections such as influenza A virus (IAV) pneumonia, remains unknown.

Schwann cells have a limited window of time in which to initiate myelination signaling during early migration in vivo.

The temporal control of mitotic exit of individual Schwann cells (SCs) is essential for radial sorting and peripheral myelination. However, it remains unknown when, during their multiple rounds of division, SCs initiate myelin signaling in vivo. By manipulating SC division during development, we report that when SCs skip their division during migration, but not during radial sorting, they fail to myelinate peripheral axons.

Octadecaneuropeptide promotes the migration of astrocyte via ODN metabotropic receptor and calcium signaling pathway.

Migration is an essential characteristic of cells that occurs during many physiological and pathological processes. Astrocytes represent the most abundant cell type in the adult central nervous system (CNS), that play a crucial role in various functions such as guiding and supporting neuronal migration during development and maintaining brain homeostasis at adulthood. Astrocytes specifically synthesize and release endozepines, a family of regulatory peptides, including the octadecaneuropeptide (ODN).

Amivantamab Plus Lazertinib in Patients With EGFR-mutant Non-small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) After Progression on Osimertinib and Platinum-based Chemotherapy: Results From CHRYSALIS-2 Cohort A.

Introduction: Treatment options for patients with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-mutated non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with disease progression on/after osimertinib and platinum-based chemotherapy are limited.

Methods: CHRYSALIS-2 Cohort A evaluated amivantamab+lazertinib in patients with EGFR exon 19 deletion- or L858R-mutated NSCLC with disease progression on/after osimertinib and platinum-based chemotherapy. Primary endpoint was investigator-assessed objective response rate (ORR).

Circular RNAs as Key Regulators in Cancer Hallmarks: New Progress and Therapeutic Opportunities.

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have emerged as critical regulators in cancer biology, contributing to various cancer hallmarks, including cell proliferation, apoptosis, metastasis, and drug resistance. Defined by their covalently closed loop structure, circRNAs possess unique characteristics like high stability, abundance, and tissue-specific expression. These non-coding RNAs function through mechanisms such as miRNA sponging, interactions with RNA-binding proteins (RBPs), and modulating transcription and splicing.

Resveratrol and capsaicin as safer radiosensitizers for colorectal cancer compared to 5-fluorouracil.

Background And Aim: Standard rectal cancer treatment includes neoadjuvant radiotherapy sensitized by 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) chemotherapy. However, 5-FU increased chemoradiotherapy response rate comes with significant toxicity, especially in older, frail patients. The development of alternatives to chemotherapy enabling radiosensitization with limited systemic toxicity is therefore needed to improve patient management.

Neglected class A carbapenemases: Systematic review of IMI/NmcA and FRI from a One Health perspective.

Carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales are pathogens classified as a critical priority by the World Health Organization and a burden on human health worldwide. IMI, NmcA, and FRI are under-detected class A carbapenemases that have been reported in the human, animal and environmental compartments, particularly these last 5 years. Bacteria producing these carbapenemases have been mostly identified in digestive carriage screenings, but they are also involved in severe infections, such as bacteremia.

Sex-specific associations of neurodegeneration and inflammatory biomarkers with intrinsic capacity in older adults: Findings from the 4-year longitudinal Multidomain Alzheimer's Prevention Trial (MAPT).

This four-year longitudinal study investigated whether the cross-sectional and longitudinal associations of inflammation-related and neurodegenerative-related blood biomarkers with intrinsic capacity differ according to sex. The sample comprised 1117 older adults (<70 years, 63.8 % females) from the Multidomain Alzheimer's Prevention Trial (MAPT).

Barriers to influenza vaccination during pregnancy in France: A national population-based study.

Background: Despite French national recommendations since 2012 that all pregnant women be vaccinated against influenza, in 2021 this vaccine coverage is low - around 30 % - in France.

Objectives: To identify barriers to influenza vaccination during pregnancy by assessing how often women were offered this vaccination and how often they accepted it.

Study Design: We used data from the French national perinatal survey (ENP), which covered all births during one week in March 2021 (N = 12,614).

European Guideline on Chronic Nausea and Vomiting-A UEG and ESNM Consensus for Clinical Management.

Introduction: Chronic nausea and vomiting are symptoms of a wide range of gastrointestinal and non-gastrointestinal conditions. Diagnosis can be challenging and requires a systematic and well-structured approach. If the initial investigation for structural, toxic and metabolic disorders is negative, digestive motility and gut-brain interaction disorders should be assessed.

Rescue therapy after failed thrombectomy in medium/distal vessel occlusions: A retrospective analysis of an international, multi-center registry.

Background: There are limited therapeutic options in cases of failed reperfusion (modified thrombolysis in cerebral infarction [mTICI] score < 2b) after stent-retriever and/or aspiration based endovascular treatment (EVT) for acute ischemic stroke. Despite the absence of data supporting its use, rescue therapy (balloon angioplasty and/or stent implantation) is often utilized in such cases. Studies are limited to large vessel occlusions, while the outcomes and complications after rescue therapy in medium/distal vessel occlusions (MDVOs) have not been reported.

When patients with Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease are misdiagnosed as having nonconvulsive status epilepticus.

Contemporary studies report nonconvulsive status epilepticus (NCSE) in Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD), based on benzodiazepine (BZP)-responsive epileptiform discharges on the electroencephalogram (EEG), with the following false syllogism: (1) intravenous (IV) administration of BZPs usually suppress ictal activity in NCSE; (2) in CJD, periodic sharp wave complexes (PSWCs) are suppressed by IV BZPs; (3) therefore, these patients have NCSE. This is a simplistic and invalid conclusion, because authors of 20th-century science reports have clearly shown that IV BZPs, short-acting barbiturates, and drugs with no antiseizure effects, such as chloral hydrate and IV naloxone, suppress PSWCs, but patients fall asleep with no clinical improvement. In contrast, IV methylphenidate transiently improves both the EEG and clinical states.

Evaluation of the effectiveness of a digital escape room for learning veterinary anatomy.

Anatomy plays a key role in veterinary training, and alternatives to traditional teaching methods, such as game-based learning and escape rooms, are emerging as innovative and effective methods. However, the effectiveness of these approaches, particularly in areas such as veterinary anatomy, remains under-researched. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a digital escape room in teaching veterinary anatomy to first-year students at the Toulouse Veterinary School.

Healthcare utilization and costs for patients with Parkinson's disease in Taiwan.

Background: Parkinson's disease (PD) exerts a considerable burden on the elderly. Studies on long-term costs for Parkinson's disease patients in Taiwan are not available.

Objectives: This study aims to examine the medical resource utilization and medical costs including drug costs for PD patients in Taiwan over up to 15 years of follow-up.

ZIC1 is a context-dependent medulloblastoma driver in the rhombic lip.

Transcription factors are frequent cancer driver genes, exhibiting noted specificity based on the precise cell of origin. We demonstrate that ZIC1 exhibits loss-of-function (LOF) somatic events in group 4 (G4) medulloblastoma through recurrent point mutations, subchromosomal deletions and mono-allelic epigenetic repression (60% of G4 medulloblastoma). In contrast, highly similar SHH medulloblastoma exhibits distinct and diametrically opposed gain-of-function mutations and copy number gains (20% of SHH medulloblastoma).

Pivotal role of exogenous pyruvate in human natural killer cell metabolism.

Resting natural killer (NK) cells display immediate effector functions after recognizing transformed or infected cells. The environmental nutrients and metabolic requirements to sustain these functions are not fully understood. Here, we show that NK cells rely on the use of extracellular pyruvate to support effector functions, signal transduction and cell viability.

Multiplication rate variation of malaria parasites from hospital cases and community infections.

The significance of multiplication rate variation in malaria parasites needs to be determined, particularly for Plasmodium falciparum, the species that causes most virulent infections. To investigate this, parasites from cases presenting to hospital in The Gambia and from local community infections were culture-established and then tested under exponential growth conditions in a standardised six-day multiplication rate assay. The multiplication rate distribution was lower than seen previously in clinical isolates from another area in West Africa where infection is more highly endemic.