Computational complexity as a potential limitation on brain-behaviour mapping.

Within the reductionist framework, researchers in the special sciences formulate key terms and concepts and try to explain them with lower-level science terms and concepts. For example, behavioural vision scientists describe contrast perception with a psychometric function, in which the perceived brightness increases logarithmically with the physical contrast of a light patch (the Weber-Fechner law). Visual neuroscientists describe the output of neural circuits with neurometric functions.

Generation of effective and specific human TCRs against tumor/testis antigen NY-ESO-1 in mice with humanized T cell recognition system.

Generation of high avidity T cell receptors (TCRs) reactive to tumor-associated antigens (TAA) is impaired by tolerance mechanisms, which is an obstacle to effective T cell therapies for cancer treatment. NY-ESO-1, a human cancer-testis antigen, represents an attractive target for such therapies due to its broad expression in different cancer types and the restricted expression in normal tissues. Utilizing transgenic mice with a diverse human TCR repertoire, we isolated effective TCRs against NY-ESO-1 restricted to HLA-A*02:01.

Role of the tumor board when prescribing mutant isocitrate dehydrogenase inhibitors to patients with isocitrate dehydrogenase-mutant glioma.

Isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH)-mutant gliomas, comprising both astrocytomas and oligodendrogliomas, represent a distinct group of tumors that pose an interdisciplinary challenge. Addressing the needs of affected patients requires close collaboration among various disciplines, including neuropathology, neuroradiology, neurosurgery, radiation oncology, neurology, medical oncology, and other relevant specialties when necessary. Interdisciplinary tumor boards are central in determining the ideal diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for these patients.

Cost analysis of laparoscopic total versus open total gastrectomy in gastric cancer.

Purpose: Despite ongoing discussions concerning clinical equivalence of laparoscopic total gastrectomy (LTG) compared to open total gastrectomy (OTG) in gastric cancer (GC) surgery, complementary evidence regarding financial implications is sparse. The aim of this study was to compare hospital associated expenses and perioperative outcomes between both approaches.

Methods: Clinicopathological and financial data from 80 consecutive GC patients undergoing LTG or OTG between 2015 and 2022 were investigated.

Real-World Prevalence, Incidence and Management of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus in Germany: A Retrospective Claims Data Analysis.

Introduction: This study evaluated the prevalence and incidence of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in Germany and explored real-world data on sequence of therapy (SOT; sequence of drugs as prescribed in clinical practice).

Methods: This retrospective, observational, longitudinal cohort study using German claims data from the WIG2 GmbH Scientific Institute for Health Economics and Health System Research database (January 2011-December 2019), extrapolated to the statutory health insurance (SHI)-insured population, evaluated prevalence and incidence in an epidemiological analysis group and SLE treatment patterns in an incident cohort (subgroup ≥ 18 years of age with incident disease and ≥ 24-month follow-up post index date). Analyses were descriptive.

Relating Photoperiod and Outdoor Temperature With Sleep Architecture in Patients With Neuropsychiatric Sleep Disorders.

While artificial light in urban environments was previously thought to override seasonality in humans, recent studies have challenged this assumption. We aimed to explore the relationship between seasonally varying environmental factors and changes in sleep architecture in patients with neuropsychiatric sleep disorders by comparing two consecutive years. In 770 patients, three-night polysomnography was performed at the Clinic for Sleep & Chronomedicine (St.

The assessment of chemical composition and biological activity of faba bean pods as a potential feed additive utilized in piglets nutrition.

The study addresses the utilization of food waste by-products from faba bean (Vicia faba L.) pods (FBP) as an alternative feed supplement to promote sustainable piglet growth by reducing antimicrobial use. Objectives include evaluation of FBP in terms of nutritional components (proximate composition, fibres, minerals), phytochemical composition (total phenols, HPLC-MS profiling), and in vitro biological activities.

Endogenous CD4 T cells that recognize ALK and the NPM1::ALK fusion protein can be expanded from human peripheral blood.

Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)-fusion proteins resulting from chromosomal rearrangements are promising targets for cancer immunotherapy. While ALK-specific CD8+ T cells and epitopes presented on MHC class I have been identified in patients with ALK-positive malignancies, little is known about ALK-specific CD4+ T cells. We screened peripheral blood of ten ALK-positive anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALK+ALCL) patients in remission and six healthy donors for CD4+ T-cell responses to the whole ALK-fusion protein, nucleophosmin (NPM1)::ALK.

Digitalised multidisciplinary conferences effectively identify and prevent imaging-related medical error in intensive care patients during the COVID-19 pandemic.

This study aims to assess the effectiveness of digital multidisciplinary conferences (MDCs) in preventing imaging-related quality management (QM) events during the coronavirus-disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic. COVID-19 challenged interdisciplinary exchange and QM measures for patient safety. Regular MDCs between radiologists and intensive care unit (ICU) physicians, introduced in our hospital in 2018, enable re-evaluation of imaging examinations and bilateral feedback.

Correction: Abdulrahim et al. Evaluation of Tissue Tropism and Horizontal Transmission of a Duck Enteritis Virus Vectored Vaccine in One-Day-Old Chicken. 2024, , 1681.

In the original publication [...

A Global Collaborative Comparison of SARS-CoV-2 Antigenicity Across 15 Laboratories.

Setting up a global SARS-CoV-2 surveillance system requires an understanding of how virus isolation and propagation practices, use of animal or human sera, and different neutralisation assay platforms influence assessment of SARS-CoV-2 antigenicity. In this study, with the contribution of 15 independent laboratories across all WHO regions, we carried out a controlled analysis of neutralisation assay platforms using the first WHO International Standard for antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (source: NIBSC). Live virus isolates (source: WHO BioHub or individual labs) or spike plasmids (individual labs) for pseudovirus production were used to perform neutralisation assays using the same serum panels.

Do Major Pharmacovigilance Databases Support Evidence of Second Trimester NSAID and Third Trimester Paracetamol Fetotoxicity?

Paracetamol and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are frequently used during pregnancy. Due to their fetotoxicity, NSAIDs are contraindicated during the third trimester. There is ongoing controversy about the extent to which NSAIDs may cause cardiovascular and renal impairment in the fetus earlier in the second trimester.

Immune Cell Distributions in the Blood of Healthy Individuals at High Genetic Risk of Parkinson's Disease.

The immune system likely plays a key role in Parkinson's disease (PD) pathophysiology. Thus, we investigated whether immune cell compositions are already altered in healthy individuals at high genetic risk for PD. We quantified 92 immune cell subtypes in the blood of 442 individuals using multicolor flow cytometry.

Identifying Truly HPV-Driven Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma by QuantiGene-Molecular-Profiling-Histology Assay Allows for More Precise Prognosis Prediction.

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) with discordant diagnostic patterns of HPV/p16 or HPV/p16 correlate with worse prognosis. This study aims to identify truly HPV-driven HNSCCs using a QuantiGene-Molecular-Profiling-Histology (QG-MPH) assay for identifying transcriptionally active HPV. Of 97 FFPE samples analyzed, 68 were valid for HPV DNA detection by PCR and quantification of HPV E7 and p16 mRNA by QG-MPH.

Bichromatic Splicing Detector Allows Quantification of and Splicing Isoforms in Single Cells by Fluorescent Live-Cell Imaging.

Thyroid hormone receptor alpha (THR) is a nuclear hormone receptor that binds triiodothyronine (T3) and acts as an important transcription factor in development, metabolism, and reproduction. The coding gene, , has two major splicing isoforms in mammals, and , which encode THR1 and THR1, respectively. The better characterized isoform, THR1, is a transcriptional stimulator of genes involved in cell metabolism and growth.

ChatGPT as a Support Tool for Informed Consent and Preoperative Patient Education Prior to Penile Prosthesis Implantation.

: Artificial intelligence (AI), particularly natural language processing (NLP) models such as ChatGPT, presents novel opportunities for patient education and informed consent. This study evaluated ChatGPT's use as a support tool for informed consent before penile prosthesis implantation (PPI) in patients with erectile dysfunction (ED) following radical prostatectomy. : ChatGPT-4 answered 20 frequently asked questions across four categories: ED and treatment, PPI surgery, complications, and postoperative care.

A Hybrid Transformer-Convolutional Neural Network for Segmentation of Intracerebral Hemorrhage and Perihematomal Edema on Non-Contrast Head Computed Tomography (CT) with Uncertainty Quantification to Improve Confidence.

Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and perihematomal edema (PHE) are key imaging markers of primary and secondary brain injury in hemorrhagic stroke. Accurate segmentation and quantification of ICH and PHE can help with prognostication and guide treatment planning. In this study, we combined Swin-Unet Transformers with nnU-NETv2 convolutional network for segmentation of ICH and PHE on non-contrast head CTs.

Adalimumab Autoantibodies in Uveitis Patients: Do We Need Routine Drug Monitoring?

Background: Adalimumab, an anti-TNF-α biologic agent, has emerged as a principal treatment option for patients with non-infectious uveitis. The influence of adalimumab anti-drug antibodies (AAA) on the efficacy of adalimumab therapy is not yet fully understood. We aim to understand their clinical implications in the context of therapeutic drug monitoring and the factors contributing to the formation of these antibodies.

Prevalence of spp. in Seafood from German Supermarkets and Fish Markets.

This study investigates the prevalence of spp. in seafood from supermarkets and fish markets in Berlin, Germany. A total of 306 seafood samples, including shrimp and mussels, were bought from supermarkets between March 2023 and January 2024.

Attributes Desired in a General Practitioner by Adults: Implications for Humanization in Medicine and Enhancement of the Patient Experience.

Background: Progress in medical education is reflected in healthcare quality and patient satisfaction. However, there are still gaps in knowledge regarding the patients' expectations of general practitioners (GPs), even though patients' interactions with GPs are among the most frequent in healthcare. Accordingly, this study investigated the qualities desired by adults in GPs, intending to include them in future medical humanization education to enhance the patients' experience.

DT-13 Mediates Ligand-Dependent Activation of PPARγ Response Elements In Vitro.

Activation of inflammatory pathways releases a storm of cytokines. Moreover, unregulated cytokines contribute to chronic inflammatory disorders. However, ligand-activated peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) is involved in suppressing inflammatory cytokines via transrepression of nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB).

Open-source Large Language Models can Generate Labels from Radiology Reports for Training Convolutional Neural Networks.

Rationale And Objectives: Training Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) requires large datasets with labeled data, which can be very labor-intensive to prepare. Radiology reports contain a lot of potentially useful information for such tasks. However, they are often unstructured and cannot be directly used for training.

PinkyCaMP a mScarlet-based calcium sensor with exceptional brightness, photostability, and multiplexing capabilities.

Genetically encoded calcium (Ca) indicators (GECIs) are widely used for imaging neuronal activity, yet current limitations of existing red fluorescent GECIs have constrained their applicability. The inherently dim fluorescence and low signal-to-noise ratio of red-shifted GECIs have posed significant challenges. More critically, several red-fluorescent GECIs exhibit photoswitching when exposed to blue light, thereby limiting their applicability in all-optical experimental approaches.