Decoding pan-cancer treatment outcomes using multimodal real-world data and explainable artificial intelligence.

Despite advances in precision oncology, clinical decision-making still relies on limited variables and expert knowledge. To address this limitation, we combined multimodal real-world data and explainable artificial intelligence (xAI) to introduce AI-derived (AID) markers for clinical decision support. We used xAI to decode the outcome of 15,726 patients across 38 solid cancer entities based on 350 markers, including clinical records, image-derived body compositions, and mutational tumor profiles.

Comparative phenotyping of C57BL/6J substrains reveals distinctive patterns of cardiac aging.

Research in aging often refers to animal models, particularly C57BL/6J (B6J) mice, considered gold standard. However, B6J mice are distributed by different suppliers, which results in divers substrains exhibiting notable phenotypic differences. To ensure a suitable phenotype of cardiac aging, we performed heart analyses of young (5 months) and old B6J mice (24 months) from two substrains: B6JRj (Janvier) and B6JCrl mice (Charles River).

Anhedonia relates to reduced striatal reward anticipation in depression but not in schizophrenia or bipolar disorder: A transdiagnostic study.

Anhedonia, i.e., the loss of pleasure or lack of reactivity to reward, is a core symptom of major psychiatric conditions.

A framework for managing infectious diseases in rural areas in low- and middle-income countries in the face of climate change-East Africa as a case study.

Climate change is having unprecedented impacts on human health, including increasing infectious disease risk. Despite this, health systems across the world are currently not prepared for novel disease scenarios anticipated with climate change. While the need for health systems to develop climate change adaptation strategies has been stressed in the past, there is no clear consensus on how this can be achieved, especially in rural areas in low- and middle-income countries that experience high disease burdens and climate change impacts simultaneously.

The Mixed Transition-Metal Cyanamide MnCr(NCN).

The ternary transition-metal cyanamide MnCr(NCN) was synthesized by a solid-state metathesis reaction between MnCl, CrCl, and ZnNCN. Powder X-ray diffraction reveals that MnCr(NCN) adopts an orthorhombic [NiAs]-derived structure with symmetry, featuring a hexagonally close-packed array of NCN with metal cations in 3/4 of the octahedral interstitial holes. The question of cation order was addressed via the combinatorial use of X-ray powder diffraction, neutron powder diffraction, electron diffraction, and HAADF-STEM measurements.

Assessment of the underreporting of rhinitis in patients with asthma: A MASK-air® real-world study.

Rhinitis is a common comorbidity in patients with asthma. However, the frequency of underreported rhinitis in asthma is not known. In this study, we aimed to assess the characteristics of patients with self-reported asthma and no self-reported rhinitis, as well as the extent of the underreporting of rhinitis.

Probing the influence of imidazolylidene- and triazolylidene-based carbenes on the catalytic potential of dioxomolybdenum and dioxotungsten complexes in deoxygenation catalysis.

We report the synthesis of dianionic OCO-supported NHC and MIC complexes of molybdenum and tungsten with the general formula (OCO)MO (OCO = bis-phenolate benzimidazolylidene M = Mo (1-Mo), bis-phenolate triazolylidene M = Mo (2-Mo), M = W (2-W) and bis-phenolate imidazolylidene, M = Mo (3-Mo), W (3-W)). These complexes are tested in the catalytic deoxygenation of nitroarenes using pinacol as a sacrificial oxygen atom acceptor/reducing agent to examine the influence of the carbene and the metal centre in this transformation. The results show that the molybdenum-based triazolylidene complex 2-Mo is by far the most active catalyst, and TOFs of up to 270 h are observed, while the tungsten analogues are basically inactive.

Significant handling errors and education gaps regarding the use of the emergency kit among adult patients with Hymenoptera venom allergy.

Aim: In case of systemic anaphylactic reactions after Hymenoptera stings, patients should be provided with an adrenaline autoinjector (AAI). We aimed to evaluate the education and handling competence of patients in a real-world setting.

Materials And Methods: Patients with Hymenoptera venom allergy presenting for the first time in our clinic with a previously prescribed emergency kit including an AAI were interviewed using a standardized questionnaire and were asked to demonstrate the AAI use with a dummy.

enterotoxin-claudin pore complex: Models for structure, mechanism of pore assembly and cation permeability.

The pore-forming enterotoxin (CPE), a common cause of foodborne diseases, facilitates Ca influx in enterocytes, leading to cell damage. Upon binding to certain claudins (e.g.

Mental Health and the Intersection of Perceived Discrimination and Social Inequalities Among Students in Germany - a Quantitative Intersectional Study.

Objectives: Discrimination poses a threat to the mental health of university students, especially those affected by social inequality, yet understanding its intersectional impact remains limited. This study examines the intersection of social inequalities with perceived discrimination to explore differences in mental health among students in Germany.

Methods: Data from the cross-sectional project "Survey on study conditions and mental health of university students" (n = 14,592) were analysed using Multilevel Analysis of Individual Heterogeneity and Discriminatory Accuracy (MAIHDA).

Exploring factors that influence the behavior response to novel object tests in young thoroughbred horses: investigating sex, test site and auction history.

Introduction: The novel object test is one of the three most common fear tests in veterinary science and employed in several different species. Although having been applied in several different studies in horses, it is surprising that there is no standardized test procedure available for these kinds of tests.

Methods: This study investigated the performance of the novel object test on 42 young Thoroughbred horses to determine the effect of sex (mare or stallion), test sites (round pen or paddock) and whether the horses had previously participated in an auction or not on the behavior during the novel object test.

Measuring the dark triad: a meta-analytical SEM study of two prominent short scales.

This research examines the factor structure and psychometric properties of two well-known Dark Triad personality trait questionnaires: the Short Dark Triad (SD3) and the Dirty Dozen (DD). By analyzing data from 11 (SD3) and 5 (DD) carefully selected studies in the United States and Canada, this meta-analysis uncovers unexpected correlations among questionnaire items, challenging existing assumptions. The study employs a two-stage structural equation modeling approach to evaluate various measurement models.

Development and application of a clinical core data set for deep brain stimulation in Parkinson's disease, dystonia or tremor: from data collection to data exchange and data sharing.

Background: Comprehensive clinical data regarding factors influencing the individual disease course of patients with movement disorders treated with deep brain stimulation might help to better understand disease progression and to develop individualized treatment approaches.

Methods: The clinical core data set was developed by a multidisciplinary working group within the German transregional collaborative research network ReTune. The development followed standardized methodology comprising review of available evidence, a consensus process and performance of the first phase of the study.

The implementation and side effect management of immune checkpoint inhibitors in gynecologic oncology: a JAGO/NOGGO survey.

Background: The integration of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) into routine gynecologic cancer treatment requires a thorough understanding of how to manage immune-related adverse events (irAEs) to ensure patient safety. However, reports on real-world clinical experience in the management of ICIs in gynecologic oncology are very limited. The aim of this survey was to provide a real-world overview of the experiences and the current state of irAE management of ICIs in Germany, Switzerland, and Austria.

Enhanced recovery after surgery society's recommendations for liver surgery reduces non surgical complications.

Enhanced Recovery after Surgery (ERAS) is a multimodal approach to improve surgical outcome and has been implemented in many fields of surgery in an international scale. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the Enhanced Recovery after Surgery (ERAS) society recommendations in liver surgery and the impact on general and surgery-related complications. 1049 patients who underwent liver surgery from July 2018 to October 2023 were included.

SARS-CoV-2 evolution on a dynamic immune landscape.

Since the onset of the pandemic, many SARS-CoV-2 variants have emerged, exhibiting substantial evolution in the virus' spike protein, the main target of neutralizing antibodies. A plausible hypothesis proposes that the virus evolves to evade antibody-mediated neutralization (vaccine- or infection-induced) to maximize its ability to infect an immunologically experienced population. Because viral infection induces neutralizing antibodies, viral evolution may thus navigate on a dynamic immune landscape that is shaped by local infection history.

Distinct bacteria display genus and species-specific associations with mycobionts in paramo lichens in Colombia.

Lichens are complex symbiotic systems where fungi interact with an extracellular arrangement of one or more photosynthetic partners and an indeterminate number of other microbes. Recently, specific lichen-microbial community associations have been proposed. In this study, we aimed to characterize the differences in bacteria associated with closely related lichens, under a defined set of environmental conditions in Colombian paramos.

Anaphylaxis definition, overview, and clinical support tool: 2024 consensus report.

Background: The 2006 National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease/Food Allergy and Anaphylaxis Network (NIAID/FAAN) anaphylaxis criteria are widely used in clinical care and research. In 2020, the World Allergy Organization (WAO) published modified criteria that have not been uniformly adopted. Different criteria contribute to inconsistent care and research outcomes.

Prolonged mechanical ventilation in critically ill patients: six-month mortality, care pathways, and quality of life.

Background: There is limited knowledge about long-term mortality, care pathways and health-related quality of life (HrQoL) among intensive care unit (ICU) patients receiving prolonged mechanical ventilation (PMV).

Research Question: What are the long-term mortality, care pathways, and HrQoL of patients receiving invasive PMV, stratified by weaning success?

Study Design: and methods: We conducted a secondary analysis of patients from the cluster-randomised controlled Enhanced Recovery after Intensive Care trial who were treated in two ICU clusters and received invasive PMV (≥21 days via endotracheal tube/tracheostomy or ≥four days via tracheostomy). Data on weaning success, mortality, care place transitions, readmissions, and HrQoL were collected for six months after ICU discharge.

Characterization of children with early onset pediatric multiple sclerosis.

Background: Early onset pediatric multiple sclerosis (EOPMS) provides an early window of opportunity to understand the mechanisms leading to MS.

Objective: To investigate clinical, laboratory and imaging differences between children with early onset pediatric MS (<11 years, EOPMS) and late onset pediatric MS (≥11 years, LOPMS).

Methods: Mostly prospectively collected data of children with MS including clinical presentation, MRI at onset, time to second relapse, relapse rate, treatment history, and CSF markers were eligible.

Generation of a human induced pluripotent stem cell line (BIHi292-A) from PBMCs of a female patient diagnosed with Nasu-Hakola disease (NHD)/polycystic lipomembranous osteodysplasia with sclerosing leukoencephalopathy (PLOSL) carrying a novel heterozygous mutation in the TREM2 gene.

NHD/PLOSL is an orphan disease characterized by progressive presenile dementia associated with recurrent fractures due to polycystic bone lesions. In this study, we generated the human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC) line BIHi292-A from a 30-year-old women diagnosed with NHD/PLOSL, carrying two compound heterozygous frameshift mutations [c.313del (p.

Cognitive Deficits in Anti-LGI1 Encephalitis Are Linked to Immunotherapy-Resistant White Matter Network Changes.

Background And Objectives: Cognitive deficits represent a major long-term complication of anti-leucine-rich, glioma-inactivated 1 encephalitis (LGI1-E). Although severely affecting patient outcomes, the structural brain changes underlying these deficits remain poorly understood. In this study, we hypothesized a link between white matter (WM) networks and cognitive outcomes in LGI1-E.

Expression and function of Connexin 43 and Connexin 37 in the murine zona glomerulosa.

The zona glomerulosa (ZG) synthesizes the mineralocorticoid aldosterone. The primary role of aldosterone is the maintenance of volume and electrolyte homeostasis. Aldosterone synthesis is primarily regulated via tightly controlled oscillations in intracellular calcium levels in response to stimulation.