Acute Myeloid Leukemia Skews Therapeutic WT1-specific CD8 TCR-T Cells Towards an NK-like Phenotype that Compromises Function and Persistence.

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) that is relapsed and/or refractory post-allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) is usually fatal. In a prior study, we demonstrated that AML relapse in high-risk patients was prevented by post-HCT immunotherapy with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-specific donor CD8 T cells engineered to express a high-affinity Wilms Tumor Antigen 1 (WT1)-specific T-cell receptor (T). However, in the present study, infusion of EBV- or Cytomegalovirus (CMV)-specific T did not clearly improve outcomes in fifteen patients with active disease post-HCT.

Decreased Hsp90 activity protects against TDP-43 neurotoxicity in a C. elegans model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

Neuronal inclusions of hyperphosphorylated TDP-43 are hallmarks of disease for most patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Mutations in TARDBP, the gene coding for TDP-43, can cause some cases of familial inherited ALS (fALS), indicating dysfunction of TDP-43 drives disease. Aggregated, phosphorylated TDP-43 may contribute to disease phenotypes; alternatively, TDP-43 aggregation may be a protective cellular response sequestering toxic protein away from the rest of the cell.

Consensus Radiation Treatment Planning Guidelines Using (68)Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT For Resected Meningiomas.

Purpose: Meningiomas are the most common primary intracranial tumor. Somatostatin receptor 2 is almost universally expressed in meningioma tissue. For patients who require adjuvant radiation, somatostatin receptor based (68)Ga-DOTATATE positron emission tomography (PET) imaging can detect additional or residual disease not discernible on magnetic resonance imaging.

Dissemination and Implementation - A Primer for Accelerating "Time to Translation" in Radiation Oncology.

The field of radiation oncology has achieved significant technological and scientific advancements in the 21 century. Yet uptake of new evidence-based practices has been heterogeneous, even in the presence of national and international guidelines. Addressing barriers to practice change requires a deliberate focus on developing and testing strategies tailored to improving care delivery and quality, especially for vulnerable patient populations.

Versatile tissue-injectable hydrogels capable of the extended hydrolytic release of bioactive protein therapeutics.

Hydrogels are extensively employed in healthcare due to their adaptable structures, high water content, and biocompatibility, with FDA-approved applications ranging from spinal cord regeneration to local therapeutic delivery. However, clinical hydrogels encounter challenges related to inconsistent therapeutic exposure, unmodifiable release windows, and difficulties in subsurface polymer insertion. Addressing these issues, we engineered injectable, biocompatible hydrogels as a local therapeutic depot, utilizing poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-based hydrogels functionalized with bioorthogonal SPAAC handles for network polymerization and functionalization.

A Bundle of the "Top 10" Outpatient Parenteral Antimicrobial Therapy Publications in 2023.

Outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy (OPAT) has become more common in infectious diseases practice settings. Similarly, OPAT-related publications have also increased. The objective of this article was to summarize clinically important OPAT-related publications from 2023.

A Winding Road to Health Care Equity in Sickle Cell Disease.

Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a genetic disorder where red blood cells sickle, causing anemia and pain. Historically linked to marginalized groups, SCD saw little progress in treatment strategies for decades. Addressing these requires holistic strategies including dedicated centers, education, patient inclusion, and tackling implicit bias.

History, Advances, and Challenges of Sickle Cell Disease Treatment.

Sickle cell disease (SCD) is marked by red blood cells that deform into a sickle shape, causing severe health complications. Historic neglect and slow therapeutic progress have left many, especially African descendants, vulnerable. Recent treatment strides include novel drugs and gene therapy, promising improved management.

Safety and implementation of a phase 1 randomized GLA-SE-adjuvanted CH505TF gp120 HIV vaccine trial in newborns.

Background: The neonatal immune system is uniquely poised to generate broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) and thus infants are ideal for evaluating HIV vaccine candidates. We present the design and safety of a novel glucopyranosyl lipid A (GLA)-stable emulsion (SE) adjuvant admixed with a first-in-infant CH505 transmitter-founder (CH505TF) gp120 immunogen designed to induce precursors for bnAbs against HIV.

Methods: HVTN 135 is a phase I randomized, placebo-controlled trial of CH505TF+GLA-SE or placebo.

Evidence-Informed Provision of Doxycycline Post-Exposure Prophylaxis for Prevention of Bacterial Sexually Transmitted Infections.

Doxycycline post-exposure prophylaxis (doxy-PEP) reduces the risk of bacterial sexually transmitted infections (STIs) among men who have sex with men and transgender women. In the United States, doxy-PEP is in an early stage of integration into clinical practice, and national guidelines for its use were recently released. The goal of this manuscript is to provide practical guidance for clinicians who are considering or currently prescribing doxy-PEP.

Pediatric Central Nervous System Embryonal Tumors: Presentation, Diagnosis, Therapeutic Strategies, and Survivorship-A Review.

Central nervous system (CNS) embryonal tumors represent a diverse group of neoplasms and have a peak incidence in early childhood. These tumors can be located anywhere within the CNS, and presenting symptoms typically represent tumor location. These tumors display distinctive findings on neuroimaging and are staged using magnetic resonance imaging of the brain and spine as well as evaluation of cerebrospinal fluid.

Assessing Radiology and Radiation Therapy Needs for Cancer Care in Low-and-Middle-Income Countries: Insight From a Global Survey of Departmental and Institutional Leaders.

Purpose: The global cancer burden and mortality rates are increasing, with significant disparities in access to care in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). This study aimed to identify radiology and radiation therapy needs in LMICs from the perspective of departmental and institutional leaders.

Methods And Materials: A survey was developed and conducted by the American Association of Physicists in Medicine Global Needs Assessment Committee and the American Association of Physicists in Medicine International Council.

The Road More or Less Traveled- Examining the Role of Consolidative Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation After Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cell Therapy in B-cell ALL.

Treatment with CD19-targeted chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapy (CD19-CART) has improved salvage rates in children and adults with relapsed and/or refractory B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). However, not all patients treated with CD19-CAR T cells achieve long-term remission. The role of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation as consolidative therapy remains undefined.

Latent profiles of global electrical heterogeneity: the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos.

Aims: Despite the highest prevalence of stroke, obesity, and diabetes across races/ethnicities, paradoxically, Hispanic/Latino populations have the lowest prevalence of atrial fibrillation and major Minnesota code-defined ECG abnormalities. We aimed to use Latent Profile Analysis in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL) population to obtain insight into epidemiological discrepancies.

Methods And Results: We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of baseline HCHS/SOL visit.