Pulmonary surfactant activity is impaired in lung transplant recipients.

Impaired graft function in the postoperative course after lung transplantation (LTx) may in part be due to alterations in pulmonary surfactant. Animal data provide increasing evidence for surfactant abnormalities in the early course after graft reperfusion. However, little is known about the integrity of the surfactant system in human lung transplant recipients.

Spontaneous cystic keratinizing epithelioma in the lung of a Sprague-Dawley rat.

A spontaneous cystic keratinizing epithelioma in the lung of a 704-day-old female Hsd:Sprague-Dawley rat is described. The rat had a white subpleural discoloration on 1 diaphragmatic lobe at necropsy. Microscopically, a central keratin mass, surrounded by a multilayered squamous epithelium of varying thickness, was found.

Pulmonary cystic keratinizing squamous cell lesions of rats after inhalation/instillation of different particles.

Cystic keratinizing squamous cell lesions from three inhalation studies (Study A, B, C) and one intratracheal instillation study (Study D) in rats were reclassified and a certain number of lesions examined immunohistochemically for PCNA (proliferating cell nuclear antigen) as a marker of cellular proliferation. The following classification was used: squamous cell metaplasia with marked keratinization, keratinizing cyst, cystic keratinizing epithelioma, cystic keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma, keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma and non-keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma. In study A (inhalation of coal oven exhaust and subcutaneous injection of a high dose of DB (ah)A) 49.

Spontaneous myelofibrosis in castrated and ovariectomized NMRI mice.

The histopathological appearance of myelofibrosis of the bone marrow is described in aged castrated males, ovariectomized females and in male and female control NMRI mice. The highest incidence of the lesion was observed in ovariectomized and female control mice where more than 90% of the animals were affected. The presence of myelofibrosis in the bone marrow of ovariectomized females and castrated males indicates that estrogens may not play a major role in the development of the lesion and other hormonal disturbances must also be considered.

Incidence and spectrum of spontaneous neoplasms in Han:NMRI mice of both sexes.

Two hundred Han:NMRI mice of both sexes were kept for their natural life-span to obtain information about the spontaneous tumour spectrum of this strain. Neoplasms were seen in 72% of the males and 64% of the females. Lung tumours, Harderian gland tumours, liver and adrenal gland neoplasms were common in males, while ovary tumours and lung tumours were the most frequent neoplasms in females.

Investigations on health-related properties of two sepiolite samples.

Published i.p. injection studies have shown different biological behavior of different sepiolite samples.

Aerosolized surfactant inhibits acetylcholine-induced airway obstruction in rats.

Exogenous surfactant treatment inhibits antigen-induced airway obstruction in sensitized guinea-pigs. Aerosolized surfactant also improves respiratory function in asthmatic patients. The aim of the present study was to determine whether aerosolized surfactant inhibits nonallergic airway obstruction induced by acetylcholine.

Cystic squamous cell carcinomas in the lungs of Syrian golden hamsters induced by coal oven flue exhaust mixed with pyrolized tar pitch in combination with benzo(a)pyrene.

Among a variety of induced pulmonary tumours, cystic squamous cell carcinomas were observed in five Syrian hamsters that inhaled a mixture of pyrolized tar pitch with coal oven flue exhaust (PCE) and additionally received intratracheal injections of benzo(a)pyrene. The histological appearance of these particular tumours is described, compared to similar tumour types in rats and the susceptibility of both species to inert particles is discussed.

The carcinogenic potency of carbon particles with and without PAH after repeated intratracheal administration in the rat.

The role of carcinogenic PAH in soot- and carbon black-related lung tumour induction in rats was investigated after intratracheal administration of carbon blacks (CB) and two types of diesel soot (DS), either as original or as toluene extracted particles. The total particle dose per animal was 15 mg subdivided into 16-17 weekly applications. There was one vehicle control and two groups were treated with a total dose of either 30 or 15 mg pure BaP as positive control.

Embryotoxicity study of monomeric 4,4'-methylenediphenyl diisocyanate (MDI) aerosol after inhalation exposure in Wistar rats.

One of the uses of MDI is as an alternative to formaldehyde in the manufacture of furniture, its main route of exposure to humans being by inhalation. There have been no previous studies on the potential prenatal toxic effects of this compound. To close this gap in information, gravid Wistar rats, Crl:(WI)BR, were exposed by whole-body inhalation to clean air (control) and to 1, 3, and 9 mg/m3 MDI, respectively, for 6 hr per day from Days 6 to 15 post conception (p.

Absence of effect of caffeine on the thyroid in the Syrian golden hamster: results of a 90-day study.

Caffeine in drinking water was offered ad lib. to male and female Syrian golden hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus W) for 90 days. Animals were randomly assigned to three dose groups (91.

Determination of pesticides in aqueous samples by solid-phase microextraction in-line coupled to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.

A multiresidue method was developed for the determination of nitrogen- and phosphorous-containing pesticides (amines, anilides, phosphorothioates, and triazines) by solid-phase microextraction (SPME) in-line coupled to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The 85-µm polyacrylate fiber was first dipped into the aqueous sample for a given time and then directly introduced into the heated injector of the gas chromatography-mass spectrometer, where the analytes are thermally desorbed. The method was evaluated with respect to the limit of detection, linearity, and precision.

Ameloblastoma in a female Wistar rat.

A spontaneous ameloblastoma of the right mandible is described in a 120-week-old female Wistar rat (strain Chbb: THOM). The tumour had a locally aggressive growth pattern and was histologically characterized by sheets and islands of odontogenic epithelium bounded by a palisaded layer of ameloblast-like cells. Because of multifocal keratinizing squamous metaplasia of the stellate reticulum tissue, the tumour was classified as an acanthomatous ameloblastoma.

Chemically induced pulmonary mucoepidermoid carcinoma in a female Wistar rat.

A case of a mucoepidermoid carcinoma, conventionally classified as an adenosquamous carcinoma, is described. The tumour bearing rat was exposed to a mixture of a pyrolized pitch condensate rich in polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and carbon black particles by inhalation for 10 months. The neoplasm was examined by conventional histopathologic procedures and by immunohistochemical detection of intermediate filaments.

Neoplastic lung lesions in rat after chronic exposure to crystalline silica.

Groups of 100 SPF Fischer-344 rats were exposed 6 h a day, 5 d a week for 24 months to crystalline silica (1 mg center dot m-3, DQ 12 quartz) or titanium dioxide (5 mg center dot m-3) or air only. The animals were kept without further exposure for an additional 1.5 months.

Investigation of the biodurability of wollastonite and xonotlite.

The in vivo durability of wollastonite materials, coated and uncoated, and of xonotlite was tested. Wollastonite is an anhydrous natural silicate and xonotlite is a hydrated synthetic calcium silicate. UICC crocidolite was used as a positive control with high durability.

Investigation on the durability of man-made vitreous fibers in rat lungs.

Two types of sized stonewool with median lengths of 6.7 and 10.1 microns and median diameters of 0.

Mass spectrometric analysis of nitrogen- and phosphorus-containing pesticides by liquid chromatography-Mass Spectrometry.

A series of nitrogen- and phosphorus-containing pesticides (amines, anilides, carbamates, phosphonates, phenylureas, sulfonylureas, and triazines) was examined by thermospray (TSP) ionization. A method is described that employs off-line and on-line solid-phase extraction and TSP liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) with time-scheduled selected ion monitoring (SIM) for environmental monitoring of these pesticides in aqueous samples. SIM detection limits for the pesticides analyzed in conjunction with reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography range from 40 to 600 pg.

Method for the description of differences in the filamentous structure of the cytoskeleton in cultured cells.

Over the last few years in vitro cell systems have been established for toxicological investigations. These systems permit the evaluation of effects on the basis of cultured cells in order to replace animal studies. Not only qualitative assessment of cytotoxic effects, but also efforts to quantify these intracellular changes have become more and more important to objectify the results which have been obtained.

Comparative investigation of the effects of zardaverine and theophylline on pulmonary function in rats.

Zardaverine (Byk Gulden, Konstanz, Germany) is a new selective phosphodiesterase (PDE) III/IV inhibitor. The bronchodilating and bronchoprotective potency of zardaverine and the nonselective PDE inhibitor theophylline was compared by measuring typical spontaneous and forced respiratory function parameters in anesthetized female Wistar rats using whole-body plethysmography. Zardaverine (3, 10, 30 mumol/kg) and theophylline (30, 100, 300 mumol/kg), respectively, were given orally in 4% Methocel/0.

Induction of squamous cell carcinomas in the mouse lung after long-term inhalation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-rich exhausts.

A 10-month inhalation study using newborn female mice was performed to determine pulmonary tumorigenicity of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH)-enriched exhausts. At two exhaust doses containing 50 micrograms/m3 (group II) and 90 micrograms/m3 benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) (group III) a significant increase of lung tumors was observed and the incidence of malignant lung tumors was dose-dependent. Bronchiolo-alveolar adenomas were observed in all mice of groups II and III (40/40 each) as compared to 5/40 in the control (group I).

Neuromuscular hamartoma (benign "Triton" tumour) in a mouse.

Histological examination of a 22-month-old CD-1 mouse revealed a threefold enlargement of the right trigeminal ganglion. This change was due to the presence of well-differentiated striated muscle fibers intermingling with nerves and ganglion cells. The number of ganglionic Schwann cells was also increased as demonstrated by their positive S-100 protein staining.

Morphological comparison between benign keratinizing cystic squamous cell tumours of the lung and squamous lesions of the skin in rats.

Approximately 700 cases of keratinizing cystic squamous lung lesions in rats were investigated by light microscopy in order to clarify the nomenclature and classification of these lesions. The structure of benign keratinizing cystic squamous cell tumours of the lung was compared to that of cystic squamous lesions in the skin of rats, with consideration of data from the literature. We conclude that the reviewed keratinizing cystic squamous cell lesions of the lung are true neoplasms and that the growth pattern of these cystic lesions is inconsistent with that of a simple cyst.

Morphology and histogenesis of squamous cell metaplasia of the rat lung after chronic exposure to a pyrolized pitch condensate and/or carbon black, or to combinations of pyrolized pitch condensate, carbon black and irritant gases.

Female Wistar rats were exposed to different concentrations of a pyrolized pitch condensate and/or carbon black particles and/or a combination of irritant gases for 18 hours/day, 5 days/week for 10 months, followed by a clean air period of up to 20 months. Bronchiolo-alveolar hyperplasia and squamous metaplasia were important components of the resulting lesions. Squamous metaplasia and associated hyperplasia was investigated by routine histology, scanning and transmission electron microscopy, and by immunohistochemical detection of various cytokeratins (CKs).