Liver Fibrosis and Cardiovascular Events.

Objectives: Liver fibrosis represents a common sequela of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and other chronic liver diseases. Noninvasive liver fibrosis scores (LFSs) aim to evaluate the severity of liver fibrosis. Whether LFSs can predict the risk of future cardiovascular events (CVEs) remains unclear.

A valid novel ground reaction force distribution algorithm to determine midfoot kinetics of gait with a single force plate.

Background: Understanding midfoot joint kinetics is valuable for improved treatment of foot pathologies. Segmental foot kinetics cannot currently be obtained in a standard gait lab without the use of multiple force plates or a pedobarographic plate overlaid with a force plate due to the single ground reaction force (GRF) vector.

Research Question: Can an algorithm be created to distribute the GRF into multiple segmental vectors that will allow for calculation of accurate midfoot and ankle moments?

Methods: 20 pediatric subjects (10 typically developing, 10 with foot pathology) underwent multi-segment foot gait analysis using the Milwaukee Foot Model.

Contributing Factors to the Rise in Adolescent Anxiety and Associated Mental Health Disorders: A Narrative Review of Current Literature.

Background: The prevalence of anxiety among adolescents has seen a notable increase in recent years, becoming a significant public health concern. In fact, anxiety is substantially more prevalent in Generation Z (individuals born between 1997 and 2012) than in any of the past three generations. We aimed to examine what factors contribute to the increased prevalence in teen anxiety and identify points of intervention.

Considerations for the Treatment of Sexual and Gender Minority Individuals in Colon and Rectal Surgery.

Sexual and gender minorities (SGMs) experience critical barriers to health care access and have unique health care needs that are often overlooked. Given the rise in individuals identifying as lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer, colorectal surgeons are likely to care for increasing numbers of such individuals. Here, we discuss key barriers to health care access and research among SGM populations and outline approaches to address these barriers in clinical practice.

Clinical Outcomes for Workers' Compensation versus Commercially Insured Patients Following Ambulatory Lumbar Decompression: A Cohort Matched Analysis with Two-Year Follow-Up.

Objective: To evaluate outcomes for workers' compensation (WC) versus commercially insured (CI) patients undergoing lumbar decompression (LD) at an ambulatory surgical center (ASC).

Methods: This is a retrospective cohort study utilizing propensity score matched groups. Patients undergoing elective LD at an ASC with two-year follow-up were identified and grouped based on insurance type (WC or CI).

Prevailing theories describing sports-related concussion symptom reporting intent and behavior among adolescent athletes: a scoping review.

Diagnosis of sports-related concussion (SRC) primarily relies on an athlete's self-report of injury and associated symptoms. Social pressures and attitudes surrounding SRC influence athlete reporting behavior. Unfortunately, underreporting of SRC symptoms is an issue among adolescent athletes.

Validation of PROMIS-PI in a Lumbar Decompression Cohort Through Correlation to Established Pain and Disability Metrics.

Study Design: Retrospective review.

Objective: To validate using patient-reported outcome measurement information system-pain interference (PROMIS-PI) to assess outcomes in patients undergoing lumbar decompression surgery compared with well-established pain and disability measures.

Summary Of Background Data: PROMIS outcomes provide valuable information, but the PROMIS-PI measure has not been validated in lumbar decompression.

Comparing Patient-Reported Outcomes in Patients Undergoing Lumbar Fusion for Degenerative Spondylolisthesis With Predominant Back Pain Versus Predominant Leg Pain Symptoms.

Study Design: Retrospective review.

Objective: This study aims to compare postoperative patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) in predominant back pain (PBP) versus predominant leg pain (PLP) patients following lumbar fusion for degenerative spondylolisthesis (DS).

Summary Of Background Data: Prior studies comparing PROMs in patients undergoing lumbar fusion with PBP versus PLP symptoms have included heterogeneous spinal pathology and restricted analysis to posterior fusion techniques.

Thematic analysis of COVID-19's impacts on transitions among emerging adults.

Objectives: This study explored how the COVID-19 pandemic impacted emerging adults. Previous COVID-19 research with this age demographic has focused on specific facets of life transitions (e.g.

Genetic analysis of psychosis Biotypes: shared Ancestry-adjusted polygenic risk and unique genomic associations.

The Bipolar-Schizophrenia Network for Intermediate Phenotypes (B-SNIP) created psychosis Biotypes based on neurobiological measurements in a multi-ancestry sample. These Biotypes cut across DSM diagnoses of schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, and bipolar disorder with psychosis. Two recently developed post hoc ancestry adjustment methods of Polygenic Risk Scores (PRSs) generate Ancestry-Adjusted PRSs (AAPRSs), which allow for PRS analysis of multi-ancestry samples.

Leveraging large language models to improve patient education on dry eye disease.

Background/objectives: Dry eye disease (DED) is an exceedingly common diagnosis in patients, yet recent analyses have demonstrated patient education materials (PEMs) on DED to be of low quality and readability. Our study evaluated the utility and performance of three large language models (LLMs) in enhancing and generating new patient education materials (PEMs) on dry eye disease (DED).

Subjects/methods: We evaluated PEMs generated by ChatGPT-3.

Shaping behaviors through social experience and their proposed sensitivity to stress.

Mammals have evolved with a range of innate drives, such as thirst and hunger, that promote motivated behaviors to ensure survival. A drive for social engagement promotes social interaction and bond formation. While a stable social environment maintains the opportunity for resource sharing and protection, an additional benefit is provided by the social transmission of information.

Genetic Analysis of Psychosis Biotypes: Shared Ancestry-Adjusted Polygenic Risk and Unique Genomic Associations.

The Bipolar-Schizophrenia Network for Intermediate Phenotypes (B-SNIP) created psychosis Biotypes based on neurobiological measurements in a multi-ancestry sample. These Biotypes cut across DSM diagnoses of schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder and bipolar disorder with psychosis. Two recently developed ancestry adjustment methods of Polygenic Risk Scores (PRSs) generate Ancestry-Adjusted PRSs (AAPRSs), which allow for PRS analysis of multi-ancestry samples.

Systematic review of exercise for the treatment of pediatric metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease.

Background & Aims: Steatotic liver disease affects approximately 1 in 10 children in the U.S. and increases the risk of cirrhosis, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease.

Exploring speech-language pathologists' training and use of topical nasal anaesthesia during laryngeal endoscopy in the United States.

Background: Speech-language pathologists (SLPs) perform nasal laryngoscopy (LE) to assess voice and dysphagia-related disorders. The procedural aspects may include the use of topical nasal anaesthesia.

Aims: To explore the practice patterns of American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA)-certified SLPs use of anaesthesia during laryngeal endoscopy procedures in the United States METHODS & PROCEDURES: Data were collected via a brief computerized survey.

Oral-Mucosal PCO during hemorrhagic shock closely Monitors its time Course, Severity, and reversal outperforming blood lactate measurement.

Introduction: Given the redistribution of blood flow away from non-immediately vital territories during hemorrhagic shock, we investigate whether monitoring the oral mucosal PCO (PCO) as a surrogate of splanchnic circulation, could closely recognize the onset, assess severity, and identify reversal of hemorrhagic shock.

Material And Methods: The study was performed on six male pigs (38.4 ± 1.

Epinephrine Versus Dopamine in Children, What Is the Current Evidence and What Do We Need? A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Introduction: Pediatric patients often receive vasoactive agents following cardiothoracic surgery or when in shock. The use of vasoactive agents varies between different settings and has largely changed because of anecdotal observations or small observational studies. Although vasoactive agents are frequently used, there are limited studies in pediatric populations comparing them to one another.

Balancing the Scale: Weighing In on Communicating About Diabetes and Weight.

Biases and stigma related to health, diabetes, and obesity are an obstacle to providing respectful, empathetic, holistic care. Recognizing explicit and implicit biases and understanding the detrimental consequences is key to the stigma that exists, and the impact that it has on patient care is key. Health care professionals have a responsibility to communicate with patients with respect, empathy, and honesty, ensuring the person is at the center of care.

Treat-to-Target Outcomes With Tapinarof Cream 1% in Phase 3 Trials for Plaque Psoriasis.

The National Psoriasis Foundation (NPF) treatment targets aim to achieve 1% or lower body surface area (BSA) affected after 3 months of treatment. European psoriasis treatment guidelines aim to achieve similar goals based on improvements in Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) scores. We performed pooled analyses of the PSOARING phase 3 program, which evaluated treat-to-target outcomes for patients treated with tapinarof cream 1% once daily (QD) for up to 52 weeks.

Effects of repeated social stress on risk assessment behaviors and response to diazepam in the elevated plus maze in adult male rats.

Anxiety is highly common, and stress is a major trigger for anxiety. Anxiety includes heightened threat assessment and avoidance, but we do not fully understand which components are sensitive to stress. Rodents show a balance of exploration and avoidance that incorporates threat assessment prior to making the relatively risky decision to explore an open area.

Longitudinal evaluation of the early auditory gamma-band response and its modulation by attention in first-episode psychosis.

Background: Executive control over low-level information processing is impaired proximal to psychosis onset with evidence of recovery over the first year of illness. However, previous studies demonstrating diminished perceptual modulation via attention are complicated by simultaneously impaired perceptual responses. The present study examined the early auditory gamma-band response (EAGBR), a marker of early cortical processing that appears preserved in first-episode psychosis (FEP), and its modulation by attention in a longitudinal FEP sample.