A positive feedback loop between germ cells and gonads induces and maintains sexual reproduction in a cnidarian.

The fertile gonad includes cells of two distinct developmental origins: the somatic mesoderm and the germ line. How somatic and germ cells interact to develop and maintain fertility is not well understood. Here, using grafting experiments and transgenic reporter animals, we find that a specific part of the gonad-the germinal zone-acts as a sexual organizer to induce and maintain de novo germ cells and somatic gonads in the cnidarian .

A spatial code for temporal information is necessary for efficient sensory learning.

The temporal structure of sensory inputs contains essential information for their interpretation. Sensory cortex represents these temporal cues through two codes: the temporal sequences of neuronal activity and the spatial patterns of neuronal firing rate. However, it is unknown which of these coexisting codes causally drives sensory decisions.

Role of the stratosphere in the global mercury cycle.

Mercury (Hg) is a global pollutant with substantial risks to human and ecosystem health. By upward transport in tropical regions, mercury enters into the stratosphere, but the contribution of the stratosphere to global mercury dispersion and deposition remains unknown. We find that between 5 and 50% (passing through the 400-kelvin isentropic surface and tropopause, respectively) of the mercury mass deposited on Earth's surface is chemically processed in the lower stratosphere.

Plasticity of human resilience mechanisms.

The hippocampus's vulnerability to trauma-induced stress can lead to pathophysiological disturbances that precipitate the development of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The mechanisms of resilience that foster remission and mitigate the adverse effects of stress remain unknown. We analyzed the evolution of hippocampal morphology between 2016/2017 and 2018/2019, as well as the memory control mechanisms crucial for trauma resilience.

The initial solar system abundance of Fe and early core formation of the first asteroids.

High-precision Ni isotope analyses of the differentiated andesitic meteorite Erg Chech 002 (EC 002), the oldest known crustal fragment of a planetesimal, show that short-lived Fe was present in the early solar system with an initial Fe/Fe ratio of (7.71 ± 0.47) × 10, which is five times more precise than previous estimates and is proposed to be the reference value for further studies.

Brentuximab Vedotin Combination for Relapsed Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma.

Purpose: In patients with relapsed or refractory (R/R) diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), brentuximab vedotin (BV) as monotherapy or combined with either lenalidomide (Len) or rituximab (R) has demonstrated efficacy with acceptable safety. We evaluated the efficacy and safety of BV + Len + R versus placebo + Len + R in patients with R/R DLBCL.

Methods: ECHELON-3 is a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter, phase 3 trial comparing BV + Len + R with placebo + Len + R in patients with R/R DLBCL.

MMSG-DTA: A Multimodal, Multiscale Model Based on Sequence and Graph Modalities for Drug-Target Affinity Prediction.

Drug-Target Affinity (DTA) prediction is a cornerstone of drug discovery and development, providing critical insights into the intricate interactions between candidate drugs and their biological targets. Despite its importance, existing methodologies often face significant limitations in capturing comprehensive global features from molecular graphs, which are essential for accurately characterizing drug properties. Furthermore, protein feature extraction is predominantly restricted to 1D amino acid sequences, which fail to adequately represent the spatial structures and complex functional regions of proteins.

How to Use Imaging: Complex Cases of Atherosclerosis, Myocardial Inflammation, and Cardiomyopathy in Cardio-Oncology.

It is well understood that cancer therapies including chemotherapy, tyrosine kinase inhibitors, immune checkpoint inhibitors, and radiation can increase the risk of cardiovascular disease in patients with cancer. This can manifest as a multitude of pathologies including left ventricular dysfunction, myocarditis, cardiomyopathy, accelerated atherosclerosis, and coronary vasospasm. Multimodal cardiac imaging plays a critical role in diagnosing such pathologies by relying on noninvasive tools including echocardiograms, cardiac magnetic resonance imaging, positron emission tomography, single-photon emission computed tomography, and coronary computed tomography angiography.

Role of MRI in Assessing the Feasibility of Fertility-Sparing Treatments for Early-Stage Endometrial and Cervical Cancers.

Fertility-sparing treatment (FST) has become a key aspect of managing gynecologic cancers in reproductive-age patients who wish to preserve fertility. Several leading clinical societies, including the European Society of Gynecological Oncology, the European Society for Radiotherapy and Oncology, the European Society of Pathology, and the European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology, have recently published evidence-based guidelines on fertility-sparing strategies and posttreatment surveillance of patients with early-stage gynecologic cancers, in particular endometrial and cervical cancers. These guidelines highlight MRI as essential to initial patient selection and follow-up.

Is Reperfusion Injury a Largely Intra-Ischemic Injury?

Reperfusion injury (RI) refers to an array of detrimental cellular and biochemical processes that are widely believed to be triggered by reperfusion following focal cerebral ischemia and to contribute to infarct extension and poor outcome despite complete recanalization. Accordingly, it is widely recommended that therapies targeting RI be administered after recanalization. The present topical review demonstrates, however, that the vast majority of, and possibly all, processes considered part of RI are not actually provoked by reperfusion but develop during the ischemic phase.

Microemulsion-Inspired Polysaccharide Nanoparticles for an Advanced Targeted Thrombolytic Treatment.

Among cardiovascular diseases, thrombotic diseases such as ischemic heart disease and acute ischemic strokes are the most lethal, responsible by themselves for a quarter of worldwide deaths. While surgical treatments exist, they may not be used in all situations, and systemic thrombolytic drug injection, such as recombinant tissue plasminogen activators (rtPA), often remains necessary, despite serious limitations including short therapeutic window, severe side effects, and failure to address the complex nature of thrombi. This prompted intense research into alternative thrombolytics or delivery methods, including nanomedicine.

Sequence-Defined DNA Polymers: New Tools for DNA Nanotechnology and Nucleic Acid Therapy.

ConspectusStructural DNA nanotechnology offers a unique self-assembly toolbox to construct soft materials of arbitrary complexity, through bottom-up approaches including DNA origami, brick, wireframe, and tile-based assemblies. This toolbox can be expanded by incorporating interactions orthogonal to DNA base-pairing such as metal coordination, small molecule hydrogen bonding, π-stacking, fluorophilic interactions, or the hydrophobic effect. These interactions allow for hierarchical and long-range organization in DNA supramolecular assemblies through a DNA-minimal approach: the use of fewer unique DNA sequences to make complex structures.

Nontargeted Screening Nitrogen-Containing Organic Compounds in Frost and Wet Deposition in Rural Northeast China.

Nitrogen-containing organic compounds (NOCs) in frost serve as a critical pathway for atmospheric nitrogen deposition, significantly impacting the biogeochemical cycles of nitrogen. However, the molecular characteristics of NOCs in frost and their deposition fluxes are scarcely studied. In this work, frost samples, collected in rural Northeast China in the winter of 2023, were analyzed using nontargeted ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography-orbitrap mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Orbitrap MS) to reveal their content in nitrogen-containing organic compounds (NOCs) and explore their wet deposition fluxes.

Structure-Optical Properties Relationships in Cobalt-Based Purple Pigments Used by Robert Delaunay.

Following the industrial revolution and the modernization of chemistry, purple became one of the most popular colors in the palettes of late 19th- to 20th-century painters. Among them, Robert Delaunay (1885-1941) was one of the key artists of the avant-garde movement in France in the early 20th century. Although widely used in modern and contemporary paintings, inorganic purple pigments of the cobalt phosphate and cobalt arsenate families have been little studied chemically until now.

Operando Gravimetric and Energy Loss Analysis of NaV(PO)F Composite Films by Electrochemical Quartz Microbalance with Dissipation Monitoring.

The rising demand for energy storage calls for technological advancements to address the growing needs. In this context, sodium-ion (Na-ion) batteries have emerged as a potential complementary technology to lithium-ion batteries (Li-ion). Among other materials, NaV(PO)F (NVPF) is a promising cathode for Na-ion batteries due to its high operating voltage and good energy density.

Freeze-Cast Composites of Alginate/Pyrophosphate-Stabilized Amorphous Calcium Carbonate: From the Nanoscale Structuration to the Macroscopic Properties.

Pyrophosphate-stabilized amorphous calcium carbonates (PyACC) are promising compounds for bone repair due to their ability to release calcium, carbonate, and phosphate ions following pyrophosphate hydrolysis. However, shaping these metastable and brittle materials using conventional methods remains a challenge, especially in the form of macroporous scaffolds, yet essential to promote cell colonization. To overcome these limitations, this article describes for the first time the design and multiscale characterization of freeze-cast alginate (Alg)-PyACC nanocomposite scaffolds.

Worldwide Chronic Retrieval Experience of Helix-Fixation Leadless Cardiac Pacemakers.

Background: The growing use of leadless pacemaker (LP) technology requires safe and effective solutions for retrieving and removing these devices over the long term.

Objectives: This study sought to evaluate retrieval and removal of an active helix-fixation LP studied in worldwide regulatory clinical trials.

Methods: Subjects enrolled in the LEADLESS II phase 1 investigational device exemption, LEADLESS Observational, or LEADLESS Japan trials with an attempted LP retrieval at least 6 weeks postimplantation were included.

Surgery for giant ovarian cysts in Guyana using single-port laparoscopy: a retrospective case series analysis.

Giant ovarian cysts (GOCs) have become less common in developed countries due to routine health screenings, but they remain prevalent in economically underdeveloped regions. Treatment options for GOCs depend on factors such as age, cyst characteristics, and pregnancy status. Minimally invasive single-port laparoscopic surgery has largely replaced traditional open surgery due to its aesthetic advantages and effectiveness.

An unusual case of dens invaginatus on a mandibular second molar: a case report.

The present case report describes the endodontic treatment of a type III B dens invaginatus (DI) in a three-rooted mandibular second molar since the invagination invades the root and extends apically. Clinical and cone-beam computed tomography examination of the mandibular second molar showed a broadened coronal morphology, DI, a third root, periapical radiolucency, and compression of a distal root canal by the invagination, which developed an atypical semilunar shape. The tooth was diagnosed with pulpal necrosis, symptomatic apical, and peri-invagination periodontitis.

Genetic Diversity and Epidemiology of Enteroviruses and Rhinoviruses in Children Hospitalized with Acute Respiratory Infections in Novosibirsk, Russia (2023-2024).

Rhinoviruses and respiratory enteroviruses remain among the leading causes of acute respiratory infections, particularly in children. Little is known about the genetic diversity of enteroviruses and rhinoviruses in pediatric patients with acute respiratory infections in Russia. We assessed the prevalence of human rhinoviruses/enteroviruses (HRV/EV) in 1992 children aged 0 to 17 years hospitalized with acute respiratory infections during the 2023-2024 epidemic season using PCR.

Emerging SARS-CoV-2 Variants in Uganda in the Era of COVID-19 Vaccination.

The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants has heightened concerns about vaccine efficacy, posing challenges in controlling the spread of COVID-19. As part of the COVID-19 Vaccine Effectiveness and Variants (COVVAR) study in Uganda, this study aimed to genotype and characterize SARS-CoV-2 variants in patients with COVID-19-like symptoms who tested positive on a real-time PCR. Amplicon deep sequencing was performed on 163 oropharyngeal/nasopharyngeal swabs collected from symptomatic patients.

Isothermal Nucleic Acid Amplification for Point-of-Care Primary Cervical Cancer Screening.

Human Papillomavirus (HPV) infection is a significant global health concern linked to various cancers, particularly cervical cancer. Timely and accurate detection of HPV is crucial for effective management and prevention strategies. Traditional laboratory-based HPV testing methods often suffer from limitations such as long turnaround times, restricted accessibility, and the need for trained personnel, especially in resource-limited settings.

Establishment of a New Real-Time Molecular Assay for the Detection of Babanki Virus in Africa.

Babanki virus is a subtype of the Sindbis virus, a widespread arthropod-borne alphavirus circulating in Eurasia, Africa, and Oceania. Characterized by rashes and arthritis, clinical infections due to Sindbis were mainly reported in Africa, Australia, Asia, and Europe. However, its sub-type, Babanki virus, was reported in Northern Europe and Africa, where its epidemiology potential remains poorly understood.