Causally Mapping the Cerebellum in Children and Young Adults: from Motor to Cognition.

While the cerebellum's role in orchestrating motor execution and routines is well established, its functional role in supporting cognition is less clear. Previous studies claim that motricity and cognition are mapped in different areas of the cerebellar cortex, with an anterior/posterior dichotomy. However, most of the studies supporting this claim either use correlational methods (neuroimaging) or are lesion studies that did not consider central covariates (such as age, gender, treatment presence, and deep nuclei impairment) known to influence motor and cognitive recoveries in patients.

Methane emissions from the Nord Stream subsea pipeline leaks.

The amount of methane released to the atmosphere from the Nord Stream subsea pipeline leaks remains uncertain, as reflected in a wide range of estimates. A lack of information regarding the temporal variation in atmospheric emissions has made it challenging to reconcile pipeline volumetric (bottom-up) estimates with measurement-based (top-down) estimates. Here we simulate pipeline rupture emission rates and integrate these with methane dissolution and sea-surface outgassing estimates to model the evolution of atmospheric emissions from the leaks.

Reconfigured single- and double-diode models for improved modelling of solar cells/modules.

Proper modeling of PV cells/modules through parameter identification based on the real current-voltage (I-V) data is important for the efficiency of PV systems. Most related works have concentrated on the classical single-diode model (SDM) and double-diode model (DDM) and their parameter extraction by various metaheuristic algorithms. In order to render more accurate and representative modeling, this paper adds a small resistance in series with the diodes in SDM and DDM.

HiQ-FPAR: A High-Quality and Value-added MODIS Global FPAR Product from 2000 to 2023.

The Fraction of Absorbed Photosynthetically Active Radiation (FPAR) is essential for assessing vegetation's photosynthetic efficiency and ecosystem energy balance. While the MODIS FPAR product provides valuable global data, its reliability is compromised by noise, particularly under poor observation conditions like cloud cover. To solve this problem, we developed the Spatio-Temporal Information Composition Algorithm (STICA), which enhances MODIS FPAR by integrating quality control, spatio-temporal correlations, and original FPAR values, resulting in the High-Quality FPAR (HiQ-FPAR) product.

Deep eutectic solvent enhances antibacterial activity of a modular lytic enzyme against Acinetobacter baumannii.

In this study, we evaluated the combined effect between MLE-15, a modular lytic enzyme composed of four building blocks, and reline, a natural deep eutectic solvent. The bioinformatic analysis allowed us to determine the spatial architecture of MLE-15, whose components were bactericidal peptide cecropin A connected via a flexible linker to the cell wall binding domain (CBD) of mesophilic 201ϕ2 - 1 endolysin and catalytic domain (EAD) of highly thermostable Ph2119 endolysin. The modular enzyme showed high thermostability with the melting temperature of 93.

Atlantic overturning inferred from air-sea heat fluxes indicates no decline since the 1960s.

The Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) is crucial for global ocean carbon and heat uptake, and controls the climate around the North Atlantic. Despite its importance, quantifying the AMOC's past changes and assessing its vulnerability to climate change remains highly uncertain. Understanding past AMOC changes has relied on proxies, most notably sea surface temperature anomalies over the subpolar North Atlantic.

Structural basis of phosphate export by human XPR1.

Phosphorus in crucial for all living organisms. In vertebrate, cellular phosphate homeostasis is partly controlled by XPR1, a poorly characterized inositol pyrophosphate-dependent phosphate exporter. Here, we report the cryo-EM structure of human XPR1, which forms a loose dimer with 10 transmembrane helices (TM) in each protomer.

NEMS generated electromechanical frequency combs.

This paper presents a novel technique for low-power generation of frequency combs (FC) over a wide frequency range. It leverages modal interactions between electrical and mechanical resonators in electrostatic NEMS operating in air to provide a simple architecture for FC generators. A biased voltage signal drives the electrical resonator at resonance which is set to match an integer submultiple of twice the mechanical resonator's resonance.

Health data: Regionalised access is a priority challenge for building a secure, transparent and innovative national health data repository.

France has been engaged in a legal and organisational transition for many years. It has had to adapt its national framework to the legal requirements of personal data protection, European ambitions and international competition. From the Data Protection Act of 1978 to the Healthcare System Transformation Act of 2019, reforms have strengthened requirements in terms of personal data protection, while opening the way to innovative uses.

Separation of polar and neutral lipids from mammalian cell lines by high-performance thin-layer chromatography.

The introduction of high-performance TLC (HPTLC) instrumentation that allows precise control of critical parameters has transformed the technique into an efficient and rapid tool for analyzing various metabolites, namely lipids. Although mass spectrometry (MS) has largely replaced lipid analysis techniques over recent decades due to its comprehensive lipidome profiling capabilities, it typically lacks the rapidity and simplicity of TLC. HPTLC remains advantageous due to its ease of use, simpler data interpretation, and compatibility with complementary techniques.

Baricitinib dose reduction in patients with rheumatoid arthritis achieving sustained disease control: Final results from the RA-BEYOND study.

Objective: This study examines the impact of dose step-down in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) who achieved sustained disease control with baricitinib 4-mg once-daily up to 96-weeks.

Methods: Patients who completed a baricitinib phase 3 study could enter a long-term extension (LTE). In the LTE, patients who received baricitinib 4-mg for ≥15 months and maintained clinical disease activity index (CDAI) low disease activity (LDA) or remission (REM) were blindly randomized to continue 4-mg or taper to 2-mg.

Morphological study of the anterior dentition in Raoellidae (Mammalia, Artiodactyla), new insight on their dietary habits.

Raoellidae are small artiodactyls from the Indian subcontinent closely related to stem cetaceans. They bring crucial information to understand the early phase of the land-to-water transition in Cetacea. If they are considered to be partly aquatic, the question of their dietary habits remains partly understood due to their "transitional" morphology.

Pogo transposons provide tools to restrict cancer growth.

Transposable elements provide material for novel gene formation. In particular, DNA transposons have contributed several essential genes involved in various physiological or pathological conditions. Here, we discuss recent findings by Tu et al.

Development of a StIW111C-based bioresponsive pore-forming conjugate for permeabilizing the endosomal membrane.

Gene expression manipulation is pivotal in therapeutic approaches for various diseases. Non-viral delivery systems present a safer alternative to viral vectors, with reduced immunogenicity and toxicity. However, their effectiveness in promoting endosomal escape, a crucial step in gene transfer, remains limited.

Synthesis and physico-chemical investigation of thiolated dextran derivative: Design and application of a redox-responsive drug delivery system.

In the present investigation, redox-responsive-based dextran carriers were developed for the controlled release of hydrophobic molecules via a reducing agent naturally present in cells, namely glutathione. In this sense, dextran was modified with a thiol derivative. The roles of the hydrophilic segments in the molecular self-organisation of polysaccharide derivatives into nanoparticles were investigated by varying the average dextran molar mass.

Fine social discrimination of siblings in mice: Implications for early detection of Alzheimer's disease.

The ability to distinguish between individuals is crucial for social species and supports behaviors such as reproduction, hierarchy formation, and cooperation. In rodents, social discrimination relies on memory and the recognition of individual-specific cues, known as "individual signatures". While olfactory signals are central, other sensory cues - such as auditory, visual, and tactile inputs - also play a role.

Simple Method to Predict Lymphocyte Collection for Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-Cell Engineering.

Introduction: T lymphocyte collection is essential for CAR T-cell engineering in refractory hematologic malignancies but needs to be optimised. No guidelines have been established for predicting the amount of T lymphocytes to be collected. The quantity of lymphocytes and especially T cells collected depends on the pre-cytapheresis lymphocyte blood level (pcLBL) and the number of blood volumes (BVs) processed.

Bioenergetic adaptations of small intestinal epithelial cells reduce cell differentiation enhancing intestinal permeability in obese mice.

Background: Obesity and overweight are associated with low-grade inflammation induced by adipose tissue expansion and perpetuated by altered intestinal homeostasis, including increased epithelial permeability. Intestinal epithelium functions are supported by intestinal epithelial cells (IEC) mitochondria function.

Methods And Results: Here, we report that diet-induced obesity (DIO) in mice induces lipid metabolism adaptations favoring lipid storage in IEC together with reduced number, altered dynamics and diminished oxidative phosphorylation activity of IEC mitochondria.