Liquid Structure of Magnesium Aluminates.

Magnesium aluminates (MgO)(AlO) belong to a class of refractory materials with important applications in glass and glass-ceramic technologies. Typically, these materials are fabricated from high-temperature molten phases. However, due to the difficulties in making measurements at very high temperatures, information on liquid-state structure and properties is limited.

Open-source Large Language Models can Generate Labels from Radiology Reports for Training Convolutional Neural Networks.

Rationale And Objectives: Training Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) requires large datasets with labeled data, which can be very labor-intensive to prepare. Radiology reports contain a lot of potentially useful information for such tasks. However, they are often unstructured and cannot be directly used for training.

Neutralizing GDF-15 can overcome anti-PD-1 and anti-PD-L1 resistance in solid tumours.

Cancer immunotherapies with antibodies blocking immune checkpoint molecules are clinically active across multiple cancer entities and have markedly improved cancer treatment. Yet, response rates are still limited, and tumour progression commonly occurs. Soluble and cell-bound factors in the tumour microenvironment negatively affect cancer immunity.

Molecular heterogeneity in urothelial carcinoma and determinants of clinical benefit to PD-L1 blockade.

Checkpoint inhibitors targeting programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1)/programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) have revolutionized cancer therapy across many indications including urothelial carcinoma (UC). Because many patients do not benefit, a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying response and resistance is needed to improve outcomes. We profiled tumors from 2,803 UC patients from four late-stage randomized clinical trials evaluating the PD-L1 inhibitor atezolizumab by RNA sequencing (RNA-seq), a targeted DNA panel, immunohistochemistry, and digital pathology.

Quantitative flow ratio versus fractional flow reserve for coronary revascularisation guidance (FAVOR III Europe): a multicentre, randomised, non-inferiority trial.

Background: Fractional flow reserve (FFR) or non-hyperaemic pressure ratios are recommended to assess functional relevance of intermediate coronary stenosis. Both diagnostic methods require the placement of a pressure wire in the coronary artery during invasive coronary angiography. Quantitative flow ratio (QFR) is an angiography-based computational method for the estimation of FFR that does not require the use of pressure wires.

Tuning collective behaviour in zebrafish with genetic modification.

Zebrafish collective behaviour is widely used to assess their physical and mental state, serving as a valuable tool to assess the impact of ageing, disease genetics, and the effect of drugs. The essence of these macroscopic phenomena can be represented by active matter models, where the individuals are abstracted as interactive self-propelling agents. The behaviour of these agents depends on a set of parameters in a manner reminiscent of those between the constituents of physical systems.

Efficacy and safety of TPO receptor agonists in treatment of ITP associated with predominantly antibody deficiencies.

Predominantly antibody deficiencies have an estimated prevalence of >1 in 25 000. Their classical phenotype entails the association of autoimmune manifestations with increased susceptibility to infections. Up to 8% of these patients ultimately develop immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP).

The urotensin II receptor triggers an early meningeal response and a delayed macrophage-dependent vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage in male mice.

Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) can be associated with neurological deficits and has profound consequences for mortality and morbidity. Cerebral vasospasm (CVS) and delayed cerebral ischemia affect neurological outcomes in SAH patients, but their mechanisms are not fully understood, and effective treatments are limited. Here, we report that urotensin II receptor UT plays a pivotal role in both early events and delayed mechanisms following SAH in male mice.

Universal correlation between H-linear magnetoresistance and T-linear resistivity in high-temperature superconductors.

The signature feature of the 'strange metal' state of high-T cuprates-its linear-in-temperature resistivity-has a coefficient α that correlates with T, as expected were α derived from scattering off the same bosonic fluctuations that mediate pairing. Recently, an anomalous linear-in-field magnetoresistance (=γH) has also been observed, but only over a narrow doping range, leaving its relation to the strange metal state and to the superconductivity unclear. Here, we report in-plane magnetoresistance measurements on three hole-doped cuprate families spanning a wide range of temperatures, magnetic field strengths and doping.

Search for Time-Dependent CP Violation in D^{0}→π^{+}π^{-}π^{0} Decays.

A measurement of time-dependent CP violation in D^{0}→π^{+}π^{-}π^{0} decays using a pp collision data sample collected by the LHCb experiment in 2012 and from 2015 to 2018, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 7.7  fb^{-1}, is presented. The initial flavor of each D^{0} candidate is determined from the charge of the pion produced in the D^{*}(2010)^{+}→D^{0}π^{+} decay.

An improved approach to generate IL-15/TGFβR2 iPSC-derived natural killer cells using TALEN.

We present a TALEN-based workflow to generate and maintain dual-edited (IL-15/TGFβR2) iPSCs that produce enhanced iPSC-derived natural killer (iNK) cells for cancer immunotherapy. It involves using a cell lineage promoter for knocking in (KI) gene(s) to minimize the potential effects of expression of any exogenous genes on iPSCs. As a proof-of-principle, we KI IL-15 under the endogenous B2M promoter and show that it results in high expression of the sIL-15 in iNK cells but minimal expression in iPSCs.

Artificial Intelligence-Based Disease Activity Monitoring to Personalized Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration Treatment: A Feasibility Study.

Purpose: To evaluate the performance of a disease activity (DA) model developed to detect DA in participants with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD).

Design: Post hoc analysis.

Participants: Patient dataset from the phase III HAWK and HARRIER (H&H) studies.

Efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors in advanced non-small cell lung cancer patients with rare mutations: a real-world retrospective study.

Background: Kirsten rat sarcoma homolog () mutations are one of the key drivers in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and FDA-approved specific inhibitors of -G12C mutation are available clinically. However, inhibitors of certain KRAS mutation subtypes remain unavailable, especially rare mutations including G13C, G13D, and Q61H. In this study, we retrospectively investigated the outcomes of NSCLC patients with rare -mutation to determine if they may benefit from immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs).

The temperature variation of the CH + H reaction rate coefficients: a puzzle finally understood?

CH was the first molecular ion identified in the interstellar medium and is found to be ubiquitous in interstellar clouds. However, its formation and destruction paths are not well understood, especially at low temperatures. A new theoretical approach based on the canonical variational transition state theory was used to study the H + CH reactive collisions.